TY - RPRT T1 - Racism, Discrimination and Migrant Workers in Canada: Evidence from the Literature PB - Immigration, Refugees, Citizenship Canada (IRCC) N2 - Canada is celebrated as a diverse, multicultural and inclusive nation, with many accolades to its name, and remains a destination of choice for many immigrants worldwide. It is described, similar to Australia and New Zealand, as a “settlement country,” where settlement is an integral part of nation building and immigration an intrinsic component of the national heritage (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2015).Footnote1 In short, despite some challenges, Canada is lauded as a successful immigrant nation, and perceived, in terms of its skilled migration system, as a “benchmark for other countries,” as supported by its strong integration outcomes (OECD, 2019). While the literature points to “cracks” in the Canadian immigration model, including “skilled” migration, overall it is widely considered as a model to be emulated by other Western industrialized nations – a phenomenon otherwise known as Canadian “exceptionalism” in the context of multiculturalism and immigration policymaking (Triadafilopoulos, 2021).Footnote2 When it comes to examining racism and discrimination within the Canadian immigration system as a whole, authors point to certain areas that need particular attention, one of which centers, as per the focus of this paper, on temporary migration.Footnote3 Indeed, on the subject of migrant workers, the literature is somewhat more tentative as to Canada’s successes. Accordingly, authors raise concerns that there are “two Canadas,” one of which is constituted by fault lines within temporary migration and defined by “zones of exceptionalism” characterized by substandard labour and social protections as well as restrictions on workers’ mobility.Footnote4 For the majority of authors, “race,” “class,” “gender,” or “geography” (that is, country of origin), but also “skill level” and “entry class” combine with wider historical, and current structures of discrimination to shape the experiences of migrant workers and their migration experience today. The primary objective of this review is to identify and analyze potential markers of racism and discrimination in immigration policy that impact migrant workers in Canada, most specifically those in the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and the Caregiver Streams that are part of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program. The review also examines the International Mobility Program, albeit from a more limited perspective, due to a still nascent, yet fast-growing, literature on the subject.Footnote5 Overall, studies and reports mostly focus on substandard conditions of labour, lack of access, or restricted access, to social services and permanent residence pathways that are typically available to workers from higher-waged and higher-skilled categories. Indeed, most of the literature, including reports from non-profit organizations, and parliamentary committees refer to issues of “abuse and exploitation” in temporary migration programs, including in specific segments of the International Mobility Program. While on the surface, it may appear that these references are dissociated from the terminologies and practices of racism and discrimination, they are in fact often articulated in the context of the historical racist genesis of the programs, and also to processes of racialization that may be drawn from systemic racism and discriminatory practices. Indeed, there is meaningful literature on the historical formation of temporary programs in Canada, and its relationship to racism and discrimination as constituted through gender, geography, and class. Most scholars suggest that these historical formations are key to understanding the situation facing migrant workers in Canada today as they continue to inform the shape and contents of policy. This is sometimes referred to as history’s “ongoing effects” or “lasting impacts.”Footnote6 In this light, the federal government recognizes that historical practices continue to drive processes of stigma and discrimination for racialized peoples (Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), 2020). In the case of migrants, for example, some scholars have drawn connections between systems of indentureship – described as a discriminatory practice – and temporary migration programs. Others point out that the seasonality of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program stems from the racist assumption that racialized peoples cannot adjust to the Canadian climate, nor “assimilate” to Canada due to their inherent nature, as another example. In addition to the above considerations, scholars argue that it is key to be cognizant of the factors surrounding the global movement of migrantsFootnote7 from the (mostly poorer) global South to the (mostly richer) nations of the global North,Footnote8 which is marked by migrants remitting to countries of origin; their separation from families; and isolation in their communities in Canada due to long hours of work; live-in arrangements (living with, or in close proximity to, employers), as well as language based, and other, barriers in accessing social benefits, labour protection information and compensation, legal aid, and settlement services. Relatedly, the literature refers to the “race”-based and gender-based barriers experienced by migrant workers. Authors point out that these unequal global realities may be replicated within nations, but also within households, for caregivers who still “live-in.” As noted, evidence of exploitative practices abounds within these programs, whether for migrant agricultural workers or caregivers. Caregivers, for example, experience downward social mobility in Canada, tied to the absence of the recognition of their foreign credential experience, but also barriers which prevent further study and/or employment choices. In this context, authors depict racism as a structural barrier and the “gendered, racialized, and classed immigration system” that feed into the downward mobility of female care workers (Lightman et al, 2021). There is also a gendered toll on caregiver mothers whose experiences – not unlike those of migrant mothers in temporary agricultural programs – illustrate the importance of examining these issues with an “intersectional” lens. The questions underpinning this study, as related to immigration policy, include: What are the commonly accepted definitions of racism and discrimination? What is the historical backdrop that informs Canada’s temporary migrant programs? What do we know about racism, discrimination and migrant workers? What kind of challenges are encountered by migrant workers on the grounds of “race,” class, gender and other identity factors? The intent of this paper is not to arrive at a fixed conclusion as to whether racism and discrimination exist within these programs, but rather to raise awareness of the debates within the literature and among experts. Having said this, there is a wide consensus in the literature that questions of “race,” “gender,” “class,” “geography” are inevitable factors that impact policies regarding migrant workers whether in the Temporary Foreign Worker Program or the International Mobility Program. There is also a wide consensus that, in the case of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and the Caregiver Streams, their unequivocal rootedness in racism and discrimination inform the current nomenclature of immigration policies. In other words, though racism may no longer sustain or substantiate these programs, they may not be free of racism, due to the fact that they arose from racism. Some scholars point out that racism and discrimination are an intrinsic part of the matrix that make up these programs, depicting it as “institutional racism.” Others note that the rootedness of racism within these programs cannot be ignored, and that though explicit racist ideas may no longer sustain them, they may still have a discriminatory impact that prevents the full “humanization” of racialized migrants. Most authors, and organizations such as the Ontario Human Rights Commission, explain that discriminatory impact is to be assessed by the disproportional outcomes experienced by a social group, in this case, migrant workers. Are they mostly racialized? Do they mostly originate from the global South? Do they experience differential treatment with adverse and disproportionate effects on their health, participation in their communities, places of work and broader experiences? Are their contributions to the Canadian economy and society proportionally recognized? Depending on how one answers these questions, a thoughtful pause on how Canada addresses potential discrimination in temporary migration, may well be warranted. A1 - Mooten, Nalinie Y1 - 2021/// KW - racism UR - https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/reports-statistics/research/racism-discrimination-migrant-workers-canada-evidence-literature.html#s2-5 Y2 - 2022-10-19 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - B.C.'s foreign caregivers seek fair permanent-residency policy from feds A1 - Pynn, Larry Y1 - 2018/02/14/ UR - http://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/b-c-s-foreign-caregivers-seek-fair-permanent-residency-policy-from-feds Y2 - 2018-02-14 JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - PAMP T1 - Caregiving Work in Canada CY - Canada PB - Kwentong Bayan Collective N2 - Canadian families have always relied on domestic workers. This was true before Confederation, when Canadian families used Indigenous and Black women as slaves. This was also true afterwards, when the Canadian government recruited women from overseas to work as domestic workers. A1 - Graphic History Collective,  Y1 - 2017/// KW - immigration KW - Canadian Policy KW - Domestic Work KW - World War II KW - Employment Standards Act UR - http://graphichistorycollective.com/files/2017/02/RRR03-Caregivers-Web.pdf Y2 - 2017-03-29 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Des orphelines nicaraguéennes pour prendre soin de nos aînés CY - Montreal N2 - Après avoir recruté des centaines de machinistes, mécaniciens et soudeurs en Amérique centrale, un entrepreneur québécois s’apprête à former des orphelines du Nicaragua dans le but de les faire venir travailler au Québec comme aides familiales. A1 - Porter, Isabelle Y1 - 2017/// KW - Aide familiale Nicaragua orpeline UR - http://www.ledevoir.com/societe/actualites-en-societe/488454/des-orphelines-nicaragueennes-pour-prendre-soin-de-nos-aines?utm_source=infolettre-2017-01-05&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=infolettre-quotidienne Y2 - 2017-01-13 JA - Le devoir SP - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leamington, Ont. migrant worker receives last-minute deportation reprieve CY - Windsor N2 - Gina Bahiwal had her bags packed to return to the Philippines when she learned she could stay in Canada.A Leamington, Ont. migrant worker had her bags packed in anticipation of her impending deportation this Sunday when she learned it had been cancelled at the last minute.Gina Bahiwal came to Canada from the Philippines in 2008 under the Temporary Foreign Workers Program and worked packing vegetables, as a housekeeper and in the fast food industry. Y1 - 2017/01/13/ KW - Deportation UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/gina-bahiwal-migrant-worker-leamington-not-deported-1.3935481 Y2 - 2017-01-30 JA - CBC News SP - 1 M2 - 1 SP - 1 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The murky world of the agencies that recruit temporary foreign workers CY - Calgary N2 - Chances are the migrant workers building condos in Vancouver, cleaning hotel rooms in Alberta or picking tomatoes in Ontario greenhouses paid fees to come to Canada and work in their low-paying jobs.In some cases, workers are further abused by recruiters who control their money, housing and movements. A1 - Dharssi, Alia Y1 - 2016/// KW - Agencies case of abuse UR - http://calgaryherald.com/news/national/the-murky-world-of-the-agencies-that-recruit-temporary-foreign-workers Y2 - 2016-11-10 JA - Calgary Herald SP - 1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Hong Kong - Submission to the Legislative Council Panel on Manpower N2 - Between May and October 2012, Amnesty International interviewed 50 Indonesian migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. In March 2013, further interviews were conducted with 47 returnees in Indonesia who had worked in Hong Kong as domestic workers.1 All of the interviewees were women. The issues raised are not limited to Indonesians, but reflect the problems faced by the wider community of migrant domestic workers irrespective of nationality. Amnesty International’s research demonstrates that placement agencies in Hong Kong employ coercive practices to maintain control over migrant domestic workers (e.g. the confiscation of identity documents, manipulation of debt and restrictions on freedom of movement). In this way, they compel migrant domestic workers to work in conditions where they are exposed to exploitation, forced labour, threats and physical/psychological violence. Hong Kong placement agencies work in close partnership with Indonesian recruitment agencies, but they are separate organizations and come under the jurisdiction of the HKSAR authorities which have a responsibility to monitor and regulate them, and ensure that they are operating in full compliance with the laws in the Hong Kong SAR. The following outlines specific abusive practices, which in combination amount to trafficking and forced labour A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2016/// UR - https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/4000/asa170052014en.pdf Y2 - 2016-03-14 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Swept Under the Rug: Abuses against Domestic Workers Around the World IS - vol. 18, no. 7 PB - Human Rights Watch A1 - Human Rights Watch,  Y1 - 2015/// KW - Trafficking KW - Forced Labour KW - Wage Exploitation UR - https://www.hrw.org/report/2006/07/27/swept-under-rug/abuses-against-domestic-workers-around-world Y2 - 2015-11-06 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - 10% Approval Rate from Citizenship and Immigration for New Caregiver Program Applications A1 - Unionresearch.org,  Y1 - 2015/06/02/ UR - https://unionresearch.org/2015/06/02 Y2 - 2017-10-01 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Condemn modern day slavery in Canada: marching to end systemic racism N2 - Vancouver, BC – The Philippine Women Centre of BC will be marching at the 8th Annual Community March Against Racism on Saturday, March 21, 2015. We would like to extend the invite to our community to join us in condemning ongoing racial oppression and injustice in Canada and all over the world. For more than two decades, the Philippine Women Centre of BC has been advocating for the human rights of the Filipino-Canadian community. Through education, mobilization and advocacy at a grassroots level, we have always had a clear stance on Canada’s anti-woman and racist Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). This unjust program puts women in the most vulnerable situations and subjects them to emotional, verbal, physical and mental abuse. The LCP continues to triumph the liberation of middle and upper class Canadians from childcare while breaking the backs of racialized women from the global south, in which filipina women are overwhelmingly recruited and exploited. We denounce Canada’s backwards Live-in Caregiver Program as modern day slavery. We have been consistent in calling for the scrapping of the LCP and we will be marching from Clark Park on March 21st with signs condemning the LCP in hand. Beyond our own struggles, we know that all oppression is connected. We call for an end to the exploitation of racialized bodies for cheap labour. The ongoing racial injustices today are exacerbated by the neoliberal agenda and capitalist Canada. We understand that this racism is not by chance, it is systemic. We welcome and stand in solidarity with the anti-racist resistance movements all over the globe while we strongly stand in opposition to right-wing Canada’s willingness to build profits and other gains off of our backs. Please join us this Saturday and raise your voice in resistance to ongoing global oppression. End the exploitation of racialized bodies! End violence against women! Expose and oppose neoliberal policies! End systemic racism and call for genuine settlement and integration! Scrap, scrap the LCP! Racist, racist policy! For more information, contact: pwcofbc@gmail.com Twitter: @pwcofbc A1 - Philippine Women Centre - BC,  Y1 - 2015/// UR - http://us3.campaign-archive1.com/?u=e617ae3b6feb8bc2392578496&id=96269e0af1&e=e2d74a7522 Y2 - 2015-04-01 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Province roasted over list of temporary foreign workers that could call Canada home CY - Edmonton A1 - Pratt, Sheila Y1 - 2015/02/19/ UR - http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/edmonton/Province+roasted+over+list+temporary+foreign+workers/10826048/story.html Y2 - 2015-03-04 JA - Edmonton Journal ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Why Is Stephen Harper Sending Domestic Workers Back to 1973? A1 - Hussan, Syed Y1 - 2014/12/02/ KW - Temporary Foreign Workers KW - Domestic Workers KW - Caregivers KW - Citizenship KW - Permanent Residence UR - http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/syed-hussan/canada-immigration_b_6238252.html Y2 - 2014-12-03 JA - Huffington Post ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Qatar promises to reform 'kafala' labour law N2 - Doha, under pressure from rights groups who liken conditions for some migrant workers there to slavery, pledges change. A1 - Al Jazeera,  Y1 - 2014/11/16/ UR - http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/11/qatar-promises-reform-kafala-labour-law-2014111661154969555.html Y2 - 2014-11-20 JA - Al Jazeera ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Briefing Note: An analysis of the recently reformed Live-in Caregiver Program in Canada CY - http://salimahvaliani.wordpress.com/ A1 - Valiani, Salimah Y1 - 2014/11/04/ UR - http://salimahvaliani.wordpress.com/2014/11/04/briefing-note-an-analysis-of-the-recently-reformed-live-in-caregiver-program-in-canada/ Y2 - 2014-11-07 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Still enslaved: The migrant domestic workers who are trapped by the immigration rules CY - London, UK PB - Kalayaan, Justice for migrant domestic workers A1 - Kalayaan,  Y1 - 2014/// T3 - Kalayaan, Justice for migrant domestic workers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interdiction de changer d'employeur pour les travailleurs migrants : obstacle majeur à l'exercice des droits humains au Canada IS - 26.2 N2 - À la migration internationale de travailleurs sont associés différents programmes d’admission au sein du pays d’emploi, imposant des conditions restreignant parfois significativement la liberté et la sécurité des travailleurs migrants. Le présent article se penche sur l’interdiction de changer d’employeur. Se basant sur les effets auprès de la main-d’œuvre touchée, les auteurs abordent les différentes formes de cette exigence d’un point de vue historique et global, pour ensuite se pencher plus spécifiquement sur la situation des travailleurs étrangers temporaires au Canada. À travers l’articulation des différents programmes applicables, l’article traite des conséquences de l’interdiction de changer d’employeur sur l’exercice des droits et libertés fondamentales. Que ce soit par l’intermédiaire du Règlement sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés ou encore de diverses pratiques administratives, l’imposition d’une restriction au changement d’employeur place les travailleurs migrants en territoire canadien en position de vulnérabilité pouvant être qualifiée de condition de servitude selon les termes de la Convention sur les pratiques analogues à l’esclavage. Enfin, les auteurs proposent une analyse de cette interdiction à la lumière de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, plus particulièrement quant au droit à la liberté et la sécurité et à la liberté d’association. A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  A1 - Dumont Robillard, Myriam Y1 - 2014/// JA - Revue québécoise de droit international SP - 163 M2 - 163 SP - 163-200 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary Foreign Workers Subject To ‘Quasi-Indentured Status,' Jason Kenney Says A1 - Tencer, Daniel Y1 - 2014/09/20/ KW - TFWP KW - Jason Kenney UR - http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/09/20/jason-kenney-foreign-workers_n_5851974.html# Y2 - 2014-09-24 JA - The Huffington Post Canada ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary status breeds super exploitation A1 - Valiani, Salimah Y1 - 2014/07/11/ UR - http://philippinereporter.com/2014/07/11/temporary-status-breeds-super-exploitation/ Y2 - 2014-07-15 JA - The Philippine Reporter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home and a Hard Place: A Roundtable on Migrant Labour N2 - While migrant worker organizing has a long and established position in American labour history, the stories and struggles of migrant workers in Canada remain less well known. In recent years the Canadian state has created a series of labour policies that both ease the entry of temporary workers to the country and impose on them a distinct set of laws governing working conditions, applications for status, the right to unionize, and job security. Together this dual system of labour regulation has been described as a form of status-based “labour apartheid.” While differences exist in how migrant workers are disciplined and regulated by the Canadian state, the ways in which workers have tried to organize follow similar patterns and face similar challenges. This roundtable includes organizers who have worked with either migrant domestic workers or farm workers. By their accounts, the challenges involved in developing migrant worker movements led by the workers themselves have been significant. The reality is that the conditions imposed on migrant workers by the Canadian government and employers make it extremely difficult for them to organize themselves without the initiative and continuing support of allies. The participants in this roundtable discuss these conditions and the challenges to be met. Evelyn Calugay and Tess Tesalona have worked with PINAY, the first Filipina women’s organization in Québec. Founded in 1991 by a social worker, PINAY focuses on the issues faced by domestic workers, both nationally and internationally, and is a member of Migrante International. Evelyn is the chairperson of PINAY. Tess is an organizer with PINAY, and a former coordinator of the Immigrant Worker’s Centre in Montréal. Adriana Paz, Aylwin Lo, and Chris Ramsaroop work with Justicia for Migrant Workers (J4MW), a grassroots collective based in Toronto and Vancouver. J4MW was established in 2002, following a series of investigative missions by activists to farming communities in Ontario. It supports the rights of seasonal Caribbean and Mexican migrant workers who work under the federal government’s Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Adriana is based in Vancouver. Aylwin and Chris are based in Toronto. Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://uppingtheanti.org/journal/article/07-home-and-a-hard-place/ Y2 - 2014-07-11 JA - Upping the Anti VL - 7 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada’s live-in caregiver program ‘ran out of control’ and will be reformed: Jason Kenney A1 - Hough, Jennifer Y1 - 2014/06/24/ UR - http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/06/24/canadas-live-in-caregiver-program-ran-out-of-control-and-will-be-reformed-jason-kenney/?__federated=1 Y2 - 2014-06-25 JA - The National Post ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Employment Minster Jason Kenney says he is standing up for Canadians and free enterprise A1 - Bell, Rick Y1 - 2014/06/24/ KW - Jason Kenney UR - http://www.calgarysun.com/2014/06/24/employment-minster-jason-kenney-says-he-is-standing-up-for-canadians-and-free-enterprise Y2 - 2014-09-24 JA - Calgary Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers won’t be temporary if we make them permanent N2 - They are allowed into Canada to do jobs most Canadians would refuse at rates of pay most Canadians would never stand for, and then they have to leave. They are separated from their families for years. They aren’t allowed to settle, marry, bring their children over, expect a raise or change jobs. They have to live in rooms provided by their employers, and they cannot realistically quit without being forced out of the country. A1 - Saunders, Doug Y1 - 2014/05/01/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/the-workers-wont-be-temporary-if-we-make-them-permanent/article18200187/ Y2 - 2014-05-01 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic and Social Integration of Immigrant Live-in Caregivers in Canada IS - No 46 N2 - Major changes to the Live-in Caregiver Program are required in order to improve the economic and social integration of these migrant workers before and after their participation in the program. D’importantes modifications doivent être apportées au Programme concernant les aides familiaux résidants afin d’améliorer l’intégration économique et sociale de ces travailleurs migrants, avant et après leur participation au Programme. Contrairement à la plupart des autres travailleurs étrangers temporaires au Canada, les participants au Programme concernant les aides familiaux résidants (PAFR) peuvent faire une demande de résidence permanente lorsqu’ils ont totalisé 24 mois de travail rémunéré sur une période de quatre ans. Le PAFR a été créé en 1992 pour remédier au manque d’aides familiaux résidants prenant soin des personnes dépendantes. On estime que 17 500 anciens aides familiaux, y compris leurs conjoints et personnes à charge, seront admis comme résidents permanents en 2014. Pourtant, on trouve peu d’études consacrées à l’intégration économique et sociale des travailleurs après leur participation au PAFR ou à l’incidence des différents types de soins (aux enfants, aux personnes âgées ou aux personnes handicapées) sur cette intégration. La présente étude vise à combler cette lacune par une recherche qualitative approfondie, fondée notamment sur des entrevues et des groupes de discussion avec 58 aides familiaux résidants. Selon l’une de ses conclusions clés, le statut temporaire des aides familiaux et l’obligation d’habiter chez leur employeur s’accompagnent souvent de conditions de travail inéquitables et même d’exploitation (des heures supplémentaires non rémunérées, par exemple). Les auteures démontrent aussi que les aides familiaux qui s’occupent d’enfants sont plus souvent confrontés à des employeurs qui ne respectent pas leurs obligations contractuelles que ceux qui prennent soin de personnes âgées. Ces derniers sont toutefois moins libres de leurs déplacements et plus isolés socialement, puisqu’ils doivent rester en permanence auprès de leurs clients. Parmi les facteurs qui entravent l’intégration économique des travailleurs après leur participation au PAFR, citons la perte de reconnaissance des formations et des compétences acquises, la durée et le coût des processus de perfectionnement professionnel, et le faible recours aux services d’établissement. Quant à leur intégration sociale, elle semble freinée par leur attachement à leurs propres réseaux ethnoculturels et par la complexité des procédures d’obtention de la résidence permanente et de réunification des familles. Pour améliorer l’intégration économique et sociale des aides familiaux pendant leur participation au PAFR, l’étude propose de supprimer l’obligation qui leur est faite d’habiter chez leur employeur. Les aides familiaux seraient ainsi moins susceptibles de subir certaines des conditions de travail inéquitables qu’ils ont signalées. Les auteures suggèrent aussi d’examiner la possibilité de permettre aux aides familiaux de faire une demande de résidence permanente dès leur arrivée au Canada. Notant que le gouvernement fédéral a apporté en 2013 certaines modifications réglementaires au Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires, les auteures plaident en outre pour une application renforcée des normes d’emploi et du travail, y compris par les provinces. Elles recommandent enfin de supprimer l’obligation pour les aides familiaux participant au PAFR d’obtenir un permis d’étude pour des cours à unités de plus de six mois, et de mieux financer les organismes d’aide aux immigrants afin que ces travailleurs, tout comme les anciens aides familiaux, aient plus facilement accès à leurs services. A1 - Atanackovic, Jelena A1 - Bourgeault, Ivy Lynn Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://www.irpp.org/fr/recherche/diversite-immigration-et-integration/atanackovic-bourgeault-no46-fr-ca/ Y2 - 2014-04-26 JA - IRPP Study ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: Are They Really Filling Labour Shortages? N1 - "Between 2002 and 2013, Canada eased the hiring conditions of TFWs several times, supposedly because of a reported labour shortage in some occupations, especially in western Canada. By 2012, the number of employed TFWs was 338,000, up from 101,000 in 2002, yet the unemployment rate remained the same at 7.2 percent. Furthermore, these policy changes occurred even though there was little empirical evidence of shortages in many occupations" (p.1) This statement suggests that TFW are preferred to Canadians since they are less expensive and more docile. "Ideally, a TFW program offers employers access to an indispensable temporary workforce until domestic workers become available. Employers thus should regard foreign workers as available only for a short period, and not attempt to use the program as a way to circumvent the search for and hiring of domestic workers.20 A successful TFW program thus should encourage employers to attract and train domestic workers for jobs that are permanent, possibly with federal government help, so that the labour market exhibits a better balance in the medium term. The current Canadian program, however, still falls short of this goal" (p.22). IS - Commentary 407 PB - CD Howe Institute N2 - Between 2002 and 2013, Canada eased the hiring conditions of TFWs several times, supposedly because of a reported labour shortage in some occupations, especially in western Canada. By 2012, the number of employed TFWs was 338,000, up from 101,000 in 2002, yet the unemployment rate remained the same at 7.2 percent. Furthermore, these policy changes occurred even though there was little empirical evidence of shortages in many occupations. When controlling for differences across provinces, I find that changes to the TFWP that eased hiring conditions accelerated the rise in unemployment rates in Alberta and British Columbia. A1 - Gross, Dominique M. Y1 - 2014/04/24/ UR - http://fr.scribd.com/doc/220173487/CD-Howe-Institute-Commentary-407-Temporary-Foreign-Workers-in-Canada-Are-They-Really-Filling-Labour-Shortages UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/where-are-the-labour-shortages-if-only-we-knew/article18131094/ Y2 - 2014-04-26 T3 - CD Howe Institute: Commentary 407 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Give the workers rights! (Just not to migrant workers though) A1 - Paz , Adriana A1 - Ramsaroop, Chris Y1 - 2014/03/13/ UR - http://rabble.ca/blogs/bloggers/views-expressed/2014/03/give-workers-rights-just-not-to-migrant-workers-though Y2 - 2014-03-20 JA - Rabble.ca ER - TY - GEN T1 - Prévenir la traite d'êtres humains en mettant fin à l'isolement des travailleurs étrangers temporaires N2 - There is a dependency on the employer by limiting their rights and imposing mandatory residency. Employees become isolated due to language barriers and thus cannot defend their rights. Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://oppenheimer.mcgill.ca/Louis-Philippe-Jannard?lang=fr Y2 - 2014-03-05 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Aides familiales résidentes au Canada : un programme pas toujours avantageux N2 - Majoritairement des femmes, les aides familiales résidantes viennent par milliers chaque année au Québec et au Canada par le biais du Programme des aides familiales résidantes (PAFR). Créé en 1992 par le gouvernement fédéral, le PAFR permet aux ménages canadiens d’embaucher des ressortissants de pays étranger dans le but d’accomplir différentes tâches au sein du foyer. Malgré les réformes pour améliorer leurs conditions de travail, ces travailleuses sont victimes d’abus et se retrouvent fréquemment dans des situations précaires. A1 - Corbeil, Sandrine Y1 - 2014/03/03/ JA - Le journal des alternatives ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Labour Market Opinion Application Form - Live-in Caregiver Program PB - Service Canada A1 - Service Canada,  Y1 - 2013/11/27/ UR - http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/cgi-bin/search/eforms/index.cgi?app=prfl&frm=emp5093&ln=eng Y2 - 2013-11-27 VL - EMP5093 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Live-in Caregiver Program - Medical disability Certificate PB - Service Canada A1 - Service Canada,  Y1 - 2013/11/27/ UR - http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/cgi-bin/search/eforms/index.cgi?app=prfl&frm=emp5580&ln=eng Y2 - 2013-11-27 VL - EMP5580 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Les normes du travail au Québec et les domestiques résidant chez l’employeur IS - mai 2013 PB - CNT A1 - Commission des Normes du Travail,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.cnt.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/pdf/publications/c_0187.pdf Y2 - 2013-11-19 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Exploited for profit, failed by governments : Indonesian migrant domestic workers trafficked to Hong Kong N1 - **: The inability to find new employment in the two-week time limit leaves migrant domestic workers with little choice but to remain in abusive and/or exploitative conditions or accept jobs with unfavourable work conditions in order to maintain their immigration status. In 2006, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,370 raised concerns that the Two-Week Rule pushes “foreign domestic workers to accept employment which may have unfair or abusive terms and conditions in order to stay in Hong Kong” ...In addition to increasing migrant domestic worker’s vulnerability to exploitative and abusive working conditions, the Two-Week Rule also significantly impedes their ability to access redress mechanisms in Hong Kong -p.76 CY - London PB - Amnesty International N2 - The workers are not tied to a single employer. However, if they leave their employer, they only have 2 weeks to find another, or else they fall under irregular status, a policy which acts similar to employer bondage. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2013/// KW - Trafficking UR - https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA17/029/2013/en/ Y2 - 2015-11-04 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pinay on the Prairies N1 - Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Gender, Migration, and Feminism 2 Pinay Migration 3 Welcoming Prairies 4 Making Meanings: Identities and Integration 5 Building Bridges: Activism and Community Engagement 6 Vested Transnationalism Conclusion Notes References Index PB - University of British Columbia Press N2 - For many Filipinos, one word -- kumusta, how are you -- is all it takes to forge a connection with a stranger anywhere in the world. In Canada’s prairie provinces, this connection has inspired community building, and created both national and transnational identities for the women who identify as Pinay. This book is the first to look beyond traditional metropolitan hubs of settlement to explore the migration of Filipino women in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. Based on interviews with first-generation immigrant Filipino women and temporary foreign workers, this book explores how the shared experience of migration forms the basis for new identities, communities, transnational ties, and multiple levels of belonging in Canada. It also considers the complex cultural, economic, and political factors that motivate Filipino women to leave their country and family in search of better opportunities in a strange land and the welcome that awaits them in Canada, where multiculturalism plays a large role. A groundbreaking look at the experience of Filipino women in Canada, Bonifacio’s work is simultaneously an exploration of feminism, migration, and diaspora in a global era. Glenda Tibe Bonifacio is an associate professor in the Department of Women and Gender Studies at the University of Lethbridge. She is the editor of Feminism and Migration: Cross-Cultural Engagements and co-editor of Gender, Religion, and Migration: Pathways of Integration. A1 - Bonifacio , Glenda Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.ubcpress.ca/search/title_book.asp?BookID=299174180 Y2 - 2013-10-09 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Gender and Rural Migration: Realities, Conflict and Change N1 - 1. Introduction Glenda Tibe Bonifacio Part I: Contesting Rurality and Belonging 2. Stories of Butterflies in Winterland: In-Migrants’ Representations of Northern Coastal Realities in Norway Mai Camilla Munkejord 3. Reproducing Gendered Rural Relations?: Tensions and Reconciliations in Young Women’s Narratives of Leaving and Returning in Newfoundland, Canada Deatra Walsh 4. Mobility, Diversity, Identity: Challenges of Young Women in Rural Areas in Austria Tatjana Fischer and Gerlind Weber 5. Escaping the Neon Glamour?: Potential Return Migration of Rural Migrants in China Li Yu, Wei Xu, Yu Zhu and Liyue Lin Part II: Women’s Empowerment and Social Relations 6. Empowerment of the Fields: Betabeleras and the Western Nebraska Sugar Industry Tisa M. Anders and Rosa Elia Cobos 7. Migrating Women: Guardians of the Secrets of the Amazon Forest Maria da Conceição Araújo Castro 8. Health, Mobility, Livelihood and Social Change in the Lives of Women in Rural Uzbekistan Zulfiya Tursunova Part III: Sexualities and Mobilities 9. A Family That Prays Together Stays Together?: Social Ties of Rural Sexual Minority Youth in Kentucky Christopher J. Stapel 10. Sea-Change: Gender, Sexualities, Mobility and Home Gordon Waitt 11. "The Lonely Planet": Filipino Temporary Foreign Workers, Housing Arrangements and Sexualities in Rural Alberta Glenda Tibe Bonifacio PB - Routledge N2 - Gender and Rural Migration: Realities, Conflict and Change explores the intersection of gender, migration, and rurality in 21st-century Western and non-Western contexts. In a world where heightened globalization is making borders increasingly porous, rural communities form part of the migration nexus. While rural out-migration is well-documented, the gendered dynamics of rural in-migration - including return rural migration and the connectivity of rural-urban/global-local spaces - are often overlooked. In this collection, well-grounded case studies involving diverse groups of people in rural communities in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Norway, the United States, and Uzbekistan are organized into three themes: contesting rurality and belonging, women’s empowerment and social relations, and sexualities and mobilities. As demonstrated in this anthology, rural areas are contested sites among queer youth, same-sex couples, working women, young mothers, migrant farm workers, temporary foreign workers, in-migrants, and return migrants. The rich expositions of various narratives and statistical data in multidisciplinary perspectives by emerging and established scholars claim gender and rurality as nodal points in contemporary migration discourse. A1 - Bonifacio , Glenda Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415817387/ Y2 - 2013-10-09 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Tout accepter pour la résidence permanente PB - Publibook N2 - Le Canada accueille chaque année plus de 7 000 aides familiales, qui ont l’obligation de résider chez leur employeur pour une période de 24 mois (ou 3 900 heures durant les 48 mois suivant leur arrivée au pays). Ces aides familiales « sont qualifiées pour fournir sans supervision des soins à domicile à des enfants, à des personnes âgées ou à des personnes handicapées [et] doivent habiter dans la résidence privée où ils travaillent au Canada », comme le rapporte le site de Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada. A1 - Bilala, Diane-Valérie Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.gazettedesfemmes.ca/7132/travailleuses-domestiques-etrangeres-assignees-a-residence/ Y2 - 2013-10-09 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Programme des aides familiaux résidants – Recrutement d'une aide familiale qui participe déjà au PAFR et qui est au Canada PB - MICC A1 - Ministère de l'immigration et des communautés culturelles (MICC),  Y1 - 2013/09/24/ UR - http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/employeurs/embaucher-temporaire/aide-familiale/recrutement-pafr.html Y2 - 2013-11-19 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Access to Justice for Migrant Workers in British Columbia PB - West Coast Domestic Workers' Association N2 - Acknowledgements West Coast Domestic Workers’ Association (WCDWA) would like to sincerely thank all the migrant workers who kindly volunteered their time to participate in this project. This report would not have been possible without their willingness to share their personal experiences and opinions. Their input has guided the research and writing of this report and their concerns and suggestions are built into its recommendations. This report is dedicated to you. WCDWA would also like to thank Lucy Luna, Jamie Luna and Eddie with the Agricultural Workers Alliance, as well as Jane Ordinario and Erie Maestro with Migrante BC, for their collaboration and support in connecting us with migrant workers and hosting our focus group discussions. We are grateful for their guidance, advice and patience. WCDWA extends its gratitude to Adriana Reitzler who conducted the research, coordinated the project and wrote the report. Her work on the report was invaluable. WCDWA thanks Alisha Bell for getting the ball rolling with the project. WCDWA also extends its sincere gratitude to Chris Morris for his assistance in the writing and editing of the report and Ai Li Lim for guiding the project, writing and editing the report. Finally, WCDWA would like to acknowledge and thank the BC Government and Service Employees’ Union (BCGEU) and the Notary Foundation of BC for their financial support and for believing in the project. A1 - West Coast Domestic Workers Association,  Y1 - 2013/07/30/ UR - http://www.wcdwa.ca/''access-to-justice-for-migrant-workers-in-bc''/4/19#26 Y2 - 2013-08-20 ER - TY - ADVS T1 - First Employment of Live-in Caregivers: does it get better from here? A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Jah-Hon Koo,  Y1 - 2013/// ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Maid to work: Gulf labourers hope for day off CY - Doha, Qatar N2 - New proposal aims to protect rights of region's many domestic workers, but critics say charter does not go far enough. A1 - Bollier, Sam Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/04/201342192746837551.html?utm_source=feedly Y2 - 2013-05-06 JA - Aljazeera ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Sri Lanka to sign MoU with Saudi Arabia on migrant workers CY - Sri Lanka PB - ColomboPage Y1 - 2013/04/04/ KW - Sri Lanka KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Memorandum of Understanding UR - http://www.colombopage.com/archive_13A/Mar04_1362414407CH.php Y2 - 2013-04-28 JA - ColomboPage ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Vulnerable Workers and Precarious Work IS - ISBN: 978-1-926661-56-8 PB - Ontario Law Commission N2 - FOREWORD The Law Commission of Ontario is pleased to release this Final Report on Vulnerable Workers and Precarious Work. This project had its genesis in several proposals for Law Commission projects, including those made at the Creative Symposium in November 2006 (which led to the creation of the Law Commission) as well as suggestions from the Labour and Feminist Legal Analysis Section of the Ontario Bar Association and, particularly from issues raised at the Racialization of Poverty Conference held in April 2008. The LCO’s Board of Governors approved the Project in June 2008. The Final Report is intended to focus on the challenges of insecure, low wage employment facing an increasing number of Ontarians resulting from economic, technological and global influences. We have highlighted major reports and research on the issues and presented 47 Recommendations for change, with a particular emphasis on the Employment Standards Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Act, along with related legislation, regulations, policies, processes, training and education. While the Report pays particular attention to the disproportionate numbers of women, racialized persons and immigrants undertaking precarious work, the Recommendations, if implemented, would benefit all workers in precarious jobs. This Report has been distributed to relevant government ministries and to organizations and individuals with an interest in the issues. The LCO is pleased to contribute this Report to the ongoing body of work on the most effective ways to respond to the needs of vulnerable workers. The Board of Governors approved this Final Report in December 2012. The Board’s approval reflects its members’ collective responsibility to manage and conduct the affairs of the Law Commission, and should not be considered an endorsement by individual members or by the organizations to which they belong or which they represent. A1 - Law Commission of Ontario,  Y1 - 2013/04/03/ UR - http://www.lco-cdo.org/fr Y2 - 2013-04-03 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario Law Commission recommends sweeping changes to protect vulnerable workers N2 - A startling rise in “precarious work” — low-wage temp jobs with no benefits — needs to be addressed, says a report offering 47 recommendations. Y1 - 2013/04/03/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/04/03/ontario_law_commission_recommends_sweeping_changes_to_protect_vulnerable_workers.html Y2 - 2013-04-03 JA - The Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Protect female migrant workers: Experts CY - Dhaka, Bangladesh PB - The Daily Star Y1 - 2013/03/19/ KW - female migrant workers KW - government responsibility UR - http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/protect-female-migrant-workers-experts/ Y2 - 2013-03-20 JA - The Daily Star ER - TY - ADVS T1 - Law and its Conceptualization: Access to Justice of Migrant Domestic Workers A1 - Dumont-Robillard, Myriam Y1 - 2013/// ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Travailleuses domestiques : En marche pour le travail décent PB - Ligue des Droits et Libertés N2 - Malgré une demande croissante dans ce secteur et un poids économique mondial considérable*, les aides familiales migrantes demeurent parmi les plus exploitées de la planète et échappent aux définitions et réglementations traditionnelles du travail. A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  A1 - Dumont-Robillard, Myriam A1 - Legault, Margo Y1 - 2013/// JA - Bulletin automne 2012 SP - 41 M2 - 41 SP - 41-42 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Gender Analysis of Migration from Bangladesh N2 - This paper is about the trend of women migration in Bangladesh, wages of women migrants, benefits accruied through migration from Bangladesh, cause of women migration from Bangladesh, Demand of women workers from Bangladesh, vulnerability of women in migration, problems of women migration in Bangladesh, policy measures in women migration in Bangladesh, remittances from women migrants, awareness campaign of women migrant workers, creation of human power facilities, skill training for women in foreign employment: need present perception, issues in gender-sensitiveness of migration and recommendation. A1 - Islam, Md. Nurul Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.bmet.org.bd/BMET/resources/Static%20PDF%20and%20DOC/publication/Gender%20Analysis%20of%20Migration.pdf Y2 - 2013-02-19 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada Immigration: How a decade of policy change has transformed the immigration landscape PB - The Star N2 - The temporary foreign worker program and stepped-up border enforcement are two major features of Canada’s immigration policies today. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2013/02/15/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2013/02/15/canada_immigration_how_a_decade_of_policy_change_has_transformed_the_immigration_landscape.html Y2 - 2013-02-15 JA - The Star ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Guide—LIVE-IN CAREGIVER EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE CONTRACT (Form EMP5498) / Guide pour remplir un contrat type de travail IS - 5 february 2013 A1 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2013/02/05/ UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/work/caregiver/guide-contract.asp Y2 - 2013-11-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Violation de droits : les travailleuses et les travailleurs étrangers temporaires IS - 9 N2 - Le Canada est présentement gouverné par un projet qui promeut une véritable « révolution de droite » et qui vise ni plus ni moins à disloquer les couches moyennes et populaires, à démanteler les politiques keynésiennes et à consolider l’exclusion des peuples québécois et autochtones. Le collectif d’auteurEs regroupéEs pour produire ce numéro des NCS aborde tout cela en portant attention aux transformations de l’État, au développement du capitalisme au Canada, aux pratiques du gouvernement Harper concernant le travail, la culture, l’immigration ainsi que, c’est très important dans le dispositif néoconservateur, les nouveaux mécanismes pour « punir, surveiller et contrôler ». Également, le numéro entreprend une relecture des résistances dans l’espace canadien tout en décortiquant les raisons qui expliquent la difficulté des mouvements populaires de mettre en place un bloc contre-hégémonique. A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2013/// JA - Nouveaux cahiers du socialisme ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Background Paper for the Federal Consultations of February 2013 on the TFW Program N2 - INTRODUCTION: Through Economic Action Plan 2012, the Government announced that it will consider additional measures to ensure that the Temporary Foreign Worker Program supports Canada’s economic recovery and growth. An ongoing review is intended to identify areas where the program could be improved. It will seek to better align the program with labour market needs, in part by ensuring that more employers look to the domestic labour force before hiring temporary foreign workers. It will also ensure that the program is serving Canadian interests by supporting key international agreements and partnerships. Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) are seeking your input on what works well with the program and what needs to be improved, as well as both immediate and broader concerns that you may have related to the hiring and stay of temporary foreign workers in Canada. A1 - Gouvernement du Canada,  Y1 - 2013/02/01/ ER - TY - NEWS T1 - World’s domestic workers toil in penury and danger A1 - Goar, Carol Y1 - 2013/01/13/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorialopinion/article/1314096--goar-world-s-domestic-workers-toil-in-penury-and-danger Y2 - 2013-01-16 JA - The Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Law Leaves Migrant Workers Dangling Precariously N2 - Alfredo Sales knew blowing whistle on his boss was a huge risk. Fear is built into Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program. Third in a series. A1 - Alarcon, Krystle Y1 - 2013/01/09/ UR - http://thetyee.ca/News/2013/01/09/Migrant-Worker-Laws/ Y2 - 2013-01-15 JA - The Tyee ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The Invisibles: Migrant Workers in Canada N2 - Reports of exploited foreign temps have grown as fast as the federal program. First in a series. A1 - Alarcon, Krystle Y1 - 2013/01/07/ UR - http://thetyee.ca/News/2013/01/07/Canada-Migrant-Workers/ Y2 - 2013-01-15 JA - The Tyee ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Aides résidantes familiales: la galère continue N2 - Chaque année, des centaines d'immigrantes arrivent au Québec comme aides familiales résidantes. Géré par Québec et par Ottawa, ce programme d'immigration leur permet de demander la résidence permanente, si elles effectuent, en 4 ans, 24 mois de travail déclaré. Pour obtenir la résidence, elles laissent leurs familles derrière elles, déboursent parfois des milliers de dollars, et acceptent des conditions de travail difficiles. Vulnérables par leur statut, elles peuvent devenir les proies d'agences de placement pas toujours scrupuleuses. Et en dépit des améliorations apportées au programme par le gouvernement fédéral, la donne n'a guère changé, racontent-elles. A1 - Nicoud, Anabelle Y1 - 2012/12/14/ UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/quebec-canada/national/201212/08/01-4602086-aides-residantes-familiales-la-galere-continue.php Y2 - 2012-12-14 JA - La Presse SP - 2 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Juripop, l'AAFQ et UES-FTQ annoncent la création d'une clinique juridique pour les femmes admises au Québec à titre d'aide familiale A1 - Juripop,  A1 - AAFQ,  A1 - UES-FTQ,  Y1 - 2012/11/29/ T3 - Communiqués de l'AAFQ ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Aides familiales résidantes: un centre de consultation juridique verra le jour A1 - Nicoud, Anabelle Y1 - 2012/11/28/ UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/quebec-canada/sante/201211/28/01-4598518-aides-familiales-residantes-un-centre-de-consultation-juridique-verra-le-jour.php Y2 - 2012-12-01 JA - La Presse ER - TY - NEWS T1 - ILO issues service directory for migrant workers CY - BEIRUT, Lebanon PB - The Daily Star Y1 - 2012/11/28/ KW - Domestic Workers KW - Claim Rights UR - http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2012/Nov-28/196361-ilo-issues-service-directory-for-migrant-workers.ashx#axzz2RvvRtXeC Y2 - 2013-04-30 JA - The Daily Star SP - 4 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Migration of Sri Lankan Women CY - Sri Lanka PB - Caritas Sri Lanka N2 - Statistical Reports of SLBFE reveal that the unskilled, poorly educated women outnumber men and other skilled worker categories that migrated shouldering a high percentage of inward remittance. Women migrant domestic workers make up a larger percentage of migrant women. It is a fact that there are many incidences of harassments faced by such migrant women domestic workers. This study aimed to determine the causes of migration of women migrant domestic workers, obtain a deeper understanding of the situation of affected women, assess the status and nature of postarrival assistance to affected migrants, identify the personal, household and community assets and opportunities that encourage migrant workers to stay behind their families. The study was conducted on a 122 purposive sample of "Affected and Returned Migrant Workers" from six Districts of high and low labour sending regions in Sri Lanka. Ampara, Anuradhapura, Colombo, Nuwara Eliya, Puttalam, and Vavuniya were the six Districts covered by the study. The majority of migrant women belong to disadvantaged communities where the traditional livelihoods are not viable. The reasons for migration are noted as being due to lack of access to regular and substantial income and the inability to bear the rising cost of living. In addition, some of the major aspirations of the migrant women were to build houses, collect dowry and to educate their children. Among the specific problems of the women that force them to migrate are high indebtedness, domestic violence and the alcohol addiction of spouses. Female-headed households remain a fair segment of the migrating population. Abdication of male responsibilities is noted as an increasing phenomenon that pushes more and more women to migrate. A total of 120 women out of 122 of the study sample had contacted Sub Agents for migration and 15 of them have paid the Sub Agents. Nine respondents revealed that they were trafficked across borders by the agents. It was revealed that the majority of WMDWs have faced harassments at the workplace. The most number of complaints from the respondents were of abusive workplaces such as absence of a day off (74%), absence of rest and sleep (56%), non payment of wages (34%), verbal abuse (65%), restricting communication(61.5%) and of food deprivation(44%). A majority of the respondents have not been able to get the benefits of the insurance scheme, scholarship programme and welfare center services (Sahana Piyasa) at Katunayake International Airport, according to the study. Only 30 respondents in the sample have been able to meet their expectations of migration to a certain extent. Even to meet their expectations of building a house alone, the respondents have had to migrate several times. The study comes up with certain recommendation also to remedy the identified issues pertaining to women migrant domestic workers. Y1 - 2012/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - Sri Lanka KW - recruitment UR - http://www.caritaslk.org/downloads/Migration-book.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-25 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Ottawa to announce review of controversial Temporary Foreign Worker program A1 - Oneil, Peter Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.canada.com/Ottawa+announce+review+controversial+Temporary+Foreign+Worker+program/7520191/story.html Y2 - 2012-11-14 JA - canada.com ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Brief Paper: Labor Migration From Colombo Process Countries Good Practices, Challenges and Ways Forward IS - NO.1 PB - International Organization for Migration (IOM) N2 - Since 2005, the Colombo Process (CP) Member Countries have taken concrete, proactive steps to manage labour migration by, for example, amending existing regulations or adopting new legislation, creating new government structures dedicated to managing labour outflows, signing bilateral agreements (BAs) and memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with key destination countries and launching innovative programmes and activities at various levels of government. Despite successes in key areas, challenges remain, especially surrounding implementation. There is often a gap between the stated aims of policy measures and their application on the ground, particularly in four key areas: dissemination of information, the recruitment process, welfare support to migrants (at all stages of the migration cycle) and maximizing the benefits of labour migration. Indeed, policymakers in CP Member Countries face a formidable task: creating efficient and equitable migration systems that benefit labour migrants and their families while contributing to long-term economic growth and development in both source and destination countries. Governments have many options as they work to meet these and other challenges. This brief highlights 10 potential areas of focus, such as (1) improving pre-departure orientation programmes, (2) developing and harmonizing recruitment regulations between origin and destination countries and (3) enhancing welfare support at destination. Success requires serious investments in building capacity to fill critical information gaps. To this end, we recommend a three-pronged strategy: developing knowledge based on policy-relevant research, formalizing practical policy dialogues and forging meaningful partnerships among the major actors in labour migration. A1 - Agunias , Dovelyn Rannveig A1 - Aghazarm, Christine Y1 - 2012/// KW - policy KW - recruitment process KW - welfare support to migrants KW - benefit of labor migration UR - http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/ColomboProcessBrief.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-02 JA - Migrationpolicy ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Full Paper: Labor Migration From Colombo Process Countries Good Practices, Challenges and Ways Forward IS - No.1 PB - International Organization for Migration (IOM) N2 - Since 2005, the Colombo Process (CP) Member Countries have taken concrete, proactive steps to manage labour migration by, for example, amending existing regulations or adopting new legislation, creating new government structures dedicated to managing labour outflows, signing bilateral agreements (BAs) and memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with key destination countries and launching innovative programmes and activities at various levels of government. Despite successes in key areas, challenges remain, especially surrounding implementation. There is often a gap between the stated aims of policy measures and their application on the ground, particularly in four key areas: dissemination of information, the recruitment process, welfare support to migrants (at all stages of the migration cycle) and maximizing the benefits of labour migration. Indeed, policymakers in CP Member Countries face a formidable task: creating efficient and equitable migration systems that benefit labour migrants and their families while contributing to long-term economic growth and development in both source and destination countries. Governments have many options as they work to meet these and other challenges. This brief highlights 10 potential areas of focus, such as (1) improving pre-departure orientation programmes, (2) developing and harmonizing recruitment regulations between origin and destination countries and (3) enhancing welfare support at destination. Success requires serious investments in building capacity to fill critical information gaps. To this end, we recommend a three-pronged strategy: developing knowledge based on policy-relevant research, formalizing practical policy dialogues and forging meaningful partnerships among the major actors in labour migration. A1 - Agunias , Dovelyn Rannveig A1 - Aghazarm, Christine Y1 - 2012/// KW - policy KW - recruitment process KW - welfare support to migrants KW - benefit of labor migration UR - http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=1&products_id=758 Y2 - 2012-11-02 JA - International Organization for Migration (IOM) ER - TY - CHAP T1 - (Res)sentiment and Practices of Hope: The Labours of Filipina Live-in Caregivers in Filipino Canadian Families
 CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press A1 - Davidson, Lisa M. Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.utppublishing.com/Filipinos-in-Canada-Disturbing-Invisibility.html Y2 - 2012-11-01 T2 - Filipinos in Canada: Disturbing Invisibility ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Two embassies temporarily banned from bringing servants to Canada A1 - Lindell, Rebecca Y1 - 2012/11/01/ JA - Global News ER - TY - ADVS T1 - Jason Kenney, Snakehead: Canada's Exploitation of Temporary Foreign Workers PB - RabbleTV N2 - Canada is abandoning the idea of building multicultural communities and getting into the business of exploiting temporary foreign workers. So what's the beef ? A1 - RabbleTV,  Y1 - 2012/10/17/ UR - http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=EYC6sheXoNU#! Y2 - 2012-11-01 ER - TY - ADVS T1 - Interdiction de changer d’employeur : La Sous-classe des travailleurs migrants au Qc et au Canada A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2012/10/07/ ER - TY - RPRT T1 - [Metcalf Foundation] Made in Canada: How the Law Constructs Migrant Workers’ Insecurity N2 - Recruitment 1. Legislation must be extended to ensure that all migrant workers have effective protection against the charging of recruitment fees and to ensure that employers will be jointly and severally liable for recruitment fees that have been collected by private recruiters. 2. Ontario should adopt a proactive system of employer registration, recruiter licensing (including the mandatory provision of an irrevocable letter of credit or deposit), mandatory filing of information about recruitment and employment contracts, and proactive government inspection and investigation in line with the best practices adopted under Manitoba’s Worker Recruitment and Protection Act and Regulations. 3. The limitation period for filing complaints about improper recruitment fees should be extended to reflect the current four-year period which live-in caregivers have to complete their qualifying work to apply for permanent residence. 4. Workers under the SAWP should be entitled to job security, including seniority and recall rights. Work Permits 5. Work permits should be sector-specific or province-specific and must be framed in a way that allows a worker to engage in alternate work or modified duties in the event of injury or illness. 6. Work permits should not prohibit migrant workers from enrolling in educational or training programs outside of working hours. 7. Public employment services should be developed to facilitate the matching of employers seeking LMOs (Labour Market Opinions) with migrant workers presently in Ontario. 8. Employment insurance benefits must be made accessible in practice to migrant workers. Information Prior To and On Arrival in Ontario 9. Canadian government officials should provide migrant workers with information about their rights in the applicable labour migration program; their employment, social and human rights in Ontario; mechanisms for enforcing their rights; and government and community Made in Canada: How the Law Constructs Migrant Workers’ Insecurity 7 8 Made in Canada: How the Law Constructs Migrant Workers’ Insecurity ! organizations and services that are available to assist them in Ontario. This information should be provided both in person and in writing, in the language spoken by the migrant worker, before a migrant worker departs their country of origin and again upon arrival in Ontario. 10. A comprehensive plain language guide for migrant workers should be developed and made readily accessible outlining their rights through each stage of the labour migration cycle; identifying the relevant enforcement mechanisms and contact information for enforcement agencies; and providing contact information for established and recognized community organizations and worker advocates who can assist migrant workers through their labour migration cycle. 11. Migrant workers and worker advocates should be provided with transparent information about how prevailing wage rates are determined. Migrant workers must not be paid less than the prevailing wage. Working and Living in Ontario 12. 13. 14. 15. Provincial legislation should be amended to ensure that migrant workers in all sectors – including agriculture and caregiving – have access to effective and meaningful legal protection for the right to unionize and bargain collectively. Resources should be devoted to emphasize proactive enforcement of employment standards in sectors and workplaces employing migrant workers. Proactive enforcement should be supplemented by collaboration with community organizations, inspections targeted at sectors at risk for non-compliance, the ability to expand reactive investigations beyond the initial complaint when evidence demonstrates a broader pattern of violations, and monitoring after a hearing to ensure remedies are implemented. Ontario should establish an independent publicly funded Office of the Migrant Worker Advocate to provide information and advice to migrant workers free of charge, including information about rights, how to enforce them, legal support in making claims to enforce rights, a hotline, outreach to migrant worker communities, and coordination with community groups, advocates and legal clinics supporting migrant workers. The Ontario Ministry of Labour should develop innovative partnerships, including funding arrangements, with established community organizations who are working with migrant workers to collaborate on identifying rights violations. ! 16. Provincial legislation, including the Employment Standards Act, 2000, should be amended to ensure that anonymous complaints can trigger investigations and to permit complaints to be filed by third-parties such as community organizations and public interest groups. 17. Employeevoiceshouldbeenhancedbyfacilitatingworker representation and consultation in developing the contracts that apply to migrant workers, including workers under the SAWP. 18. Provincial legislation, including the Employment Standards Act, 2000, should be amended to ensure that all terms of migrant workers’ contracts – including disputes about unjust termination – can be heard before a single expert administrative body (i.e. employment standards officers and the Ontario Labour Relations Board) in an expedited process. 19. Where terminated, SAWP workers must be provided with the right to a hearing prior to repatriation. 20. Workers should be provided with protection for their security of status, security of housing, and security of employment under open or sector- specific work permits while a legal dispute about their employment is ongoing. Renewal/Expiry of Work Permits 21. Rather than being excluded from Canada after four years of work, migrant workers should have a right to apply for permanent residence. Pathways to Permanent Residence 22. NOC C & D skill level migrant workers – including workers in the SAWP and NOC C & D Pilot Project – must be provided with pathways to permanent residence. A1 - Faraday, Fay Y1 - 2012/09/30/ UR - http://metcalffoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Made-in-Canada-Full-Report.pdf Y2 - 2012-09-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bill against sexual harassment a boost to domestic workers’ PB - National Domestic Workers Movement A1 - Polanki, Pallavi Y1 - 2012/08/28/ KW - Domestic Workers KW - legal framework UR - http://ndwm.org/?page_id=295 Y2 - 2013-03-23 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - “It’s been a busy time, but we are not done yet,” says Minister Jason Kenney A1 - Citizenship and immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2012/08/24/ UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/media/releases/2012/2012-08-24.asp?utm_source=media-centre-email&utm_medium=email-eng&utm_campaign=generic Y2 - 2012-09-01 T3 - CIC News releases ER - TY - CONF T1 - Audio presentations - Liberating Temporariness: Imagining Alternatives to Permanence as a Pathway for Social Inclusion N2 - In December 2010, The workshop ‘Liberating Temporariness: Imagining Alternatives to Permanence as a Pathway for Social Inclusion’ brought together a multidisciplinary group of senior and emerging scholars from North America, Europe, and Canada, to examine the intensifying problem of temporariness in the Global North. Temporariness is being institutionalized, as an acceptable, permanent, condition shaped by national and multilateral measures that secure national borders; legitimize temporary employment; and restrict access to citizenship rights. ‘Permanent temporariness’ affects the terms of inclusion for non-citizens, and, surprisingly, even some national citizens. The most frequently espoused strategy for contending with the effects of being temporary, permanent residence, does not address the growth in temporary status and its increasing institutionalization. The workshop: i) examined the ways in which temporariness is being made permanent through immigration, security, and labour market policies, as well as a restructured welfare state; ii) investigated alternative strategies for contending with the tensions between temporariness and permanence; and iii) articulated an interdisciplinary and collaborative research agenda. The workshop has been disseminated through presentations on the web, online working papers, an edited book, and a research proposal examining multiple dimensions of temporariness. With its web-based and print publications, the past workshop is contributing to timely theoretical, empirical and policy contributions to our understanding of the current global trend to entrench temporariness and redefine permanence. A1 - CERIS,  Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.ceris.metropolis.net/?p=4686 Y2 - 2012-08-15 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Contrat de travail type d'une aide familiale résidante IS - 20 July 2012 PB - MICC A1 - Ministère de l'immigration et des communautés culturelles (MICC),  Y1 - 2012/07/20/ UR - http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/employeurs/embaucher-temporaire/aide-familiale/contrat.html Y2 - 2013-11-19 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers deserve to be treated with fairness and equity A1 - Barahona, Alfredo Y1 - 2012/07/17/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorialopinion/article/1227938--migrant-workers-deserve-to-be-treated-with-fairness-and-equity Y2 - 2012-07-19 JA - Toronto Star ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Alberta labour group calls for end to temporary foreign workers program A1 - Red Deer Advocate,  Y1 - 2012/06/13/ UR - http://www.afl.org/index.php/AFL-in-the-News/alberta-labour-group-calls-for-end-to-temporary-foreign-workers-program.html Y2 - 2012-06-13 JA - Red Deer Advocate ER - TY - PCOMM T1 - House of Commons - Debate on Bill-38 - temporary foreign workers A1 - Boulerice (Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie, NPD), Alexandre Y1 - 2012/06/12/ UR - http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Mode=1&Parl=41&Ses=1&DocId=5667384&Language=E#OOB-7650037 Y2 - 2012-06-14 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Chasing the golden goose CY - New Delhi, India PB - The Hindu Y1 - 2012/06/12/ KW - India KW - women migrant workers UR - http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/article3491672.ece Y2 - 2013-03-31 JA - The Hindu ER - TY - NEWS T1 - India, Pakistan account for 71% of female migrants from South Asia CY - New Delhi, India PB - The Times of India Y1 - 2012/06/05/ KW - India KW - women migrant workers UR - http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-05/south-asia/32054776_1_labour-migration-migrants-south-asia Y2 - 2013-03-31 JA - The Times of India ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 'More Indian women migrating to Gulf for jobs' CY - New Delhi, India PB - Hindustantime A1 - Gupta, Moushumi Das Y1 - 2012/06/04/ KW - India KW - women migrant workers UR - http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/More-Indian-women-migrating-to-Gulf-for-jobs/Article1-866026.aspx Y2 - 2013-03-31 JA - Hindustantime ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Visas Inc: Corporate Control and Policy Incoherence in the U.S. Temporary Foreign Labor System CY - New York PB - Global Workers Justice Alliance N2 - Executive Summary According to the best guess of the U.S. government, somewhere between 700,000 and 900,000 foreign citizens are working in the United States on temporary visas.1 They work in every field, from low-skilled, low-wage jobs in agriculture, to specialty occupations in health care or information technology. They may be in the public sector, employed as teachers in an under-served school district, or in the most private sphere of the private sector, as domestic workers living in their employer’s home. The temporary foreign labor system that brings in these workers consists of dozens of visa categories and sub-categories, for apparently distinct purposes – cultural and educational exchange, employee relocation by multinational enterprises, U.S. based training programs and more. But the problems become apparent when we examine the structure as a whole – and in particular, its vulnerability to extreme misuse by employers eager to use foreign labor in ways that undermine established wages and working conditions in the U.S. As far as many of these employers are concerned, the entire framework is one undifferentiated avenue to source cheaper and more easily controlled labor: ——U.S. employers have substantial economic incentives, built into the visa framework, to hire foreign workers in place of a potential or existing U.S. workforce. These incentives may be embodied in regulations that exempt employers of certain visa workers from payroll taxes, for example – or a lack of regulation, enabling employers to pay foreign workers far lower wages than established for U.S. workers. ——Foreign workers are wholly dependent on their employer for their fragile status in the U.S. As a general matter, if they are fired, they must leave the country quickly, or face deportation. Combined with other tools of control, this creates a culture of fear that effectively prevents workers from reporting any abuse or exploitation. The temporary worker visa system is utterly chaotic, constantly metastasizing to develop more visa categories or carve-outs, in response to employer demands. While there is extensive evidence of self-interested employer lobbying to expand the system, or employer misuse of the existing system, the ultimate responsibility lies with the U.S. government. The United States made a deliberate choice to shape a foreign temporary labor system that is heavily privatized, with a minimal role for public regulation and oversight. The U.S. government’s delegation of control over the temporary foreign labor scheme to employers – in spite of the many critical public interests at stake – has had dire consequences. The U.S. government has long been aware of the enormity of the situation: for nearly every relevant visa category, internal governmental reviews document exploitation of foreign workers, and displacement of U.S. workers.. Unfortunately, regulatory reforms have typically been meager, in proportion to the problems. For example, while the U.S. State Department has acknowledged that many foreign domestic workers entering the U.S. in the employ of diplomats have been exploited, and even enslaved, it has failed to address the core vulnerability of these workers through provisions for better enforcement and monitoring. Today, the State Department merely requires that domestic workers have a written contract with the employer before they can be granted a visa to enter the U.S. Governmental oversight is further hobbled by diffusion of responsibility. Regulation and enforcement is distributed among multiple agencies – the State Department, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Labor – in seemingly haphazard ways that are not consistent across visa categories, and do not provide for coordination among the agencies. In the case of the majority of these visas, the one agency mandated to protect U.S. and foreign workers – the Department of Labor – has been excluded or pushed to the margins.. The absence of clear data further undermines both coordination and public accountability. Under the current framework, no one within the U.S. government – let alone the U.S. public – is in a position to grasp the dimensions of the temporary foreign labor system, or to analyze its impact. The fragmentation of oversight is linked intrinsically to the fragmentation of the framework. Rather than developing a coherent, unitary system, the U.S. government, responding piecemeal to employer demands, created a patchwork of visas subject to distinct rules. Although it is clear that employers have learned to exploit the interconnections between these visas, the government continues to treat them as entirely distinct of each other. This refusal to regulate the temporary foreign labor system in an integrated way is perhaps the most substantial obstacle to meaningful reform and oversight. In the absence of comprehensive attention, employers treat these visas interchangeably, substituting reliance on one for another as circumstances – such as increased oversight here, or additional fees there – dictate. Analysis and reform must therefore happen holistically, if abuse and misuse are to be reined in, with the recognition that these individual visas constitute a de facto temporary foreign labor system. The abuse and misuse associated with temporary foreign labor are closely linked to the larger crisis of decent work in the U.S. The shift away from full-time, living wage jobs as the standard for American workers, to ever more precarious employment, is only accelerating. The use of temporary foreign labor is not responsible for the crisis, but it is both a contributing factor and an alibi. Allowing foreign workers in the U.S. is premised on the absence of willing, qualified and available U.S. workers. In reality, however, U.S. workers are actively edged out, as this report documents, in several ways: ——Individual U.S. workers are not hired, or are fired on a pretext. A foreign worker is then hired instead. ——Employers exploit visas that were intended for other purposes, and thus do not require a prior effort to hire U.S. workers. As a result, in many cases, U.S. workers may not even be aware of their exclusion. ——U.S. workers are pushed out of entire industries and regions by the systematic erosion of wages and underlying work conditions. This is followed by the recruitment of foreign workers. Foreign workers, in turn, are vulnerable to abuse throughout their involvement with temporary work in the U.S. The problems begin prior to departure, and extend beyond their return to their home countries: Prior to departure, workers are in the power of recruiters, who promise them employment opportunities in the U.S. in exchange for a substantial fee. In the absence of U.S. government regulation of recruiters (through provisions holding U.S. employers liable for any abuses by their recruiters, for example), there is total impunity. Many workers have been defrauded by recruiters who take their fees and then disappear. Other problems include gross discrimination: women workers accounted for only 3.7% of visas issued for agricultural labor in 2010,2 though advocate interviews suggested that women could represent up to 40% of the pool of job-seekers. ——On arrival, workers face economic exploitation at the hands of employers who know that individuals on temporary work visas have no recourse against either abuse or retaliation. Illegal deductions and wage theft are extremely common. ——While working, occupational health and safety violations are frequent, especially among “unskilled” workers. The problems arise, in part, from the very fact that the U.S. government allows risky work to be categorized as “unskilled. —The impact of exploitation and abuse in the U.S. can be life long. For example, injured workers find it nearly impossible to access workers’ compensation benefits once they return to their home countries. The U.S. insistence on treating the temporary foreign labor framework as a series of private employment arrangements, rather than a governmental program, means that there are no agreements in place with foreign governments to enable social protection schemes, even though workers may have a legal entitlement. There are several measures that the U.S. government should take to fix the system: ——There are short-term steps that could translate into immediate improvements in oversight and governance. The Department of Labor must be integrated into regulation and enforcement of all visa categories that enable temporary work in the U.S. It must have the resources and powers to assess the potential displacement of U.S. workers, as well as to enforce appropriate wages and working conditions for foreign workers. In order to promote greater accountability to the public, the U.S. must release consolidated and consistent data in a timely manner about the use of these visas, including the names of employers currently recruiting foreign workers. ——In the medium term, the U.S. government should undertake a systematic and sustained review of the temporary foreign labor visas to bring them in line with broader U.S. labor market policy. A helpful model would be the “permanent, independent Commission on Foreign Workers,”proposed by former Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall and the Economic Policy Institute,4 to collect data on labor shortages, the use of temporary work visas, and the economic impact of temporary foreign workers in the U.S. ——The long-term goal of reform should be a single visa system with uniform oversight, to replace the current patchwork of visas, each subject to separate regulations. Consistent public administration, rather than the delegation of essential responsibilities to private entities, is critical. The U.S. should engage systematically with foreign governments whose citizens work here, and should conclude agreements that (1) provide for cooperation on preventing abuse, and (2) enable access to social security benefits and workers’ compensation schemes. The size and reach of the temporary worker visa system is evidence that U.S. immigration policy has moved away from its roots in permanent labor migration. This has happened largely without public debate or political acknowledgment. At a minimum, it is time to renew the national conversations related to broad issues of immigration and labor in the U.S. A1 - Sukthankar, Ashwini Y1 - 2012/06/03/ UR - http://www.globalworkers.org/our-work/publications/visas-inc Y2 - 2012-06-13 T3 - Global Workers Justice Alliance Reports ER - TY - ADVS T1 - An End to Immigration?/La fin de l'immigration? CY - Montréal PB - Productions Multi-Monde A1 - Boti, Marie A1 - Guy, Malcom Y1 - 2012/05/20/ UR - http://pmm.qc.ca/english/spip.php?article53&var_mode=calcul Y2 - 2012-05-15 ER - TY - ADVS T1 - In defense of public legal education and information (PLEI) for migrant workers in British Columbia A1 - Contreras-Chavez, Angela A1 - RED Legal Network,  Y1 - 2012/05/18/ ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Foreign nationals working temporarily in Canada N1 - Statistiques. Graphiques. Données sur nombre de travailleurs temporaires. IS - Component of Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-008-X CY - Ottawa PB - Statistics Canada A1 - Statistics Canada,  Y1 - 2012/// T3 - Canadian Social Trends ER - TY - ADVS T1 - The Bigger Picture - Disposable labour PB - GlobalNews N2 - Thousands of foreign workers come here each year for low paid, low skill jobs that most Canadians don’t want – and they’re happy to get them. But as 16x9 discovered – many of those workers say they’ve been ripped off and exploited. Read it on Global News: Disposable labour - 16x9 - Videos | Global News A1 - GlobalNews,  Y1 - 2012/05/01/ UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/disposable+labour/video.html?v=2228323126#video UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/index.html?v=w9utwyzJOBfy4KM4sZY1CnxrgQqbychN#video Y2 - 2012-05-15 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Conservative government is preparing policy changes that will link the Employment Insurance program to the Temporary Foreign Worker program A1 - Curry, Bill A1 - Taber, Jane Y1 - 2012/04/30/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-looks-to-unemployed-canadians-to-fill-labour-shortages/article2408394/ Y2 - 2012-04-30 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Validation of Wage Discrimination Against Temporary Foreing Workers : Systemic Violations of Human Rights as an Economic Strategy N2 - Lois fédérales discriminatoires à l'égard des travailleurs migrants. A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2012/04/29/ JA - MigrantWorkersRights.net ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Projet de loi [... sur la] sécurité au travail [... pour les] domestiques A2 - Ministère du Travail du Québec N2 - NOTES EXPLICATIVES Ce projet de loi a principalement pour objet de moderniser le régime de santé et de sécurité du travail en matière de prévention et de réparation des lésions professionnelles. Il vise également à étendre l’application du régime aux domestiques et à intégrer de nouvelles règles de gouvernance de la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail. En matière de prévention, le projet de loi accorde à certains employeurs la possibilité de mettre en place un seul programme de prévention pour l’ensemble de leurs établissements et, dans ce cas, de former un seul comité de santé et de sécurité couvrant tous les établissements. Il permet également l’octroi, à titre d’incitatifs financiers à la prévention, de rabais de cotisation. Le projet de loi confère à la Commission le pouvoir d’établir les priorités en matière de santé au travail. Il clarifie par ailleurs le rôle du réseau de la santé en matière de santé au travail en modifiant les pouvoirs et les obligations du directeur de la santé publique pour tenir compte du fait qu’il revient à l’employeur d’élaborer le programme de santé au travail spécifique à l’établissement en collaboration avec le médecin responsable de celui-ci. Le projet de loi oblige la Commission à communiquer à la Régie du bâtiment du Québec tout renseignement relatif à une déclaration de culpabilité concernant une infraction prévue à l’un des articles de la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail qui est nécessaire à l’application par la Régie des dispositions de la Loi sur le bâtiment concernant la délivrance, la modification, la suspension ou l’annulation d’une licence. En matière de réparation des lésions professionnelles, le projet de loi dote la Commission des pouvoirs réglementaires nécessaires à la mise en place des conditions et limites monétaires de l’assistance médicale, incluant les médicaments, et élargit les mesures qui pourront être prises par la Commission et les employeurs pour favoriser la réintégration au travail des travailleurs victimes d’une lésion professionnelle. Le projet de loi modifie de plus le contenu et la périodicité de la transmission de certains rapports médicaux et prévoit l’obligation pour le Bureau d’évaluation médicale de donner son avis sur l’existence et le pourcentage de l’atteinte permanente à l’intégrité physique ou psychique et sur l’existence et l’évaluation des limitations fonctionnelles lorsque la lésion est consolidée, sauf lorsque des raisons d’ordre médical l’en empêchent. Concernant l’application du régime aux domestiques, le projet de loi assure la protection automatique du régime de santé et de sécurité pour tous les domestiques, à l’exception de ceux qui exécutent un travail sporadiquement ou pour une courte durée. Il accorde toutefois à ces derniers la possibilité de s’inscrire à la Commission pour avoir droit, en cas de lésions professionnelles, aux prestations prévues par la loi comme s’ils étaient des travailleurs au sens de la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles. En matière de gouvernance de la Commission, le projet de loi revoit la composition du conseil d’administration. Il prévoit notamment que deux membres indépendants nommés par le gouvernement siégeront au conseil d’administration. Il institue un comité de gouvernance et d’éthique et un comité de vérification. Il prévoit également d’autres règles afférentes à la protection des membres du conseil en cas de poursuite, au rapport annuel de la Commission et à son règlement intérieur. Le projet de loi permet à la Commission de communiquer à la Régie du bâtiment du Québec et à la Commission de la construction du Québec des renseignements nécessaires à l’application de la Loi sur le bâtiment et de la Loi sur les relations du travail, la formation professionnelle et la gestion de la main-d’oeuvre dans l’industrie de la construction. Le projet de loi oblige le ministre à faire rapport au gouvernement, tous les cinq ans, sur l’application de la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail et de la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles et sur l’opportunité de maintenir ou de modifier les dispositions de ces lois. Le projet de loi apporte par ailleurs des modifications au Code de procédure pénale concernant les règles et la peine applicables à une société en cas de contravention à une disposition d’une loi. Enfin, le projet de loi prévoit des modifications à caractère technique, de concordance et transitoires. A1 - Ministère du Travail du Québec,  Y1 - 2012/// ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mondialisation, travail et précarisation : le travail migrant temporaire au coeur de la dynamique de centrifugation de l'emploi vers les marchés périphériques du travail IS - 2 N2 - Résumé Trois exemples de programmes gouvernementaux favorisant l’essor du travail migrant en régime dérogatoire sur les marchés périphériques du travail sont ici examinés : 1) les travailleurs agricoles saisonniers migrants embauchés dans le cadre du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (PTAS) ; 2) les aides domestiques migrantes embauchées dans le cadre du Programme des aides familiaux résidants (PAFR) ; 3) les travailleurs migrants temporaires dits « non qualifiés » embauchés dans le cadre du Projet pilote relatif aux professions exigeant un niveau réduit de formation. Dans l’après-fordisme, la logique de flexibilisation place le travail migrant temporaire au coeur d’une dynamique de précarisation par la centrifugation de l’emploi vers les marchés périphériques du travail. De plus, on observe l’instrumentalisation de cette main-d’oeuvre au rabais, non seulement exploitée, mais, encore, dans une stratégie d’éclatement d’un régime de travail de type universaliste. Mots-clés : précarisation, marchés périphériques du travail, travailleurs migrants, mondialisation, état, flexibilisation Abstract Globalization, work and the casualization of labour : Temporary migrant labour in the drive of employment toward the marginal job markets This article examines three government programs favouring the rapid expansion of migrant labour into the marginal job markets: 1) seasonal migrant farm workers hired in the framework of the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) ; 2) migrant domestic housekeepers hired in the framework of the Live-In Caregiver Program (LCP) ; and 3) so-called “unqualified” temporary migrant workers hired in the framework of the Pilot Project for Occupations Requiring Lower Levels of Formal Training. Given the emphasis placed on flexibility in the post-Fordist era, temporary migrant work epitomizes the drive toward casualization of labour and the pushing of jobs into marginal labour markets. The instrumentalization and exploitation of this type of labour is further compounded and intensified by globalization. Keywords: casualization, marginal labour markets, migrant workers, globalization, state, flexibilization A1 - Noiseux, Yanick Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.ieim.uqam.ca/spip.php?page=article-ceim&id_article=7988 UR - http://www.erudit.org/revue/rs/2012/v53/n2/1012406ar.html?vue=resume&mode=restriction Y2 - 2014-04-03 JA - Recherches sociographiques VL - LIII SP - 387 M2 - 387 SP - 387-412 ER - TY - PAMP T1 - Travailleurs migrants au Canada: Main-d'oeuvre bon marché facilement abusée PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Frais de recrutement exorbitants, heures supplémentaires imposées et non rémunérées, conditions de travail dangereuses, piètres conditions de vie... Ce ne sont là que quelques exemples des nombreux abus subis par des travailleurs migrants au Canada. Ce document de quatre pages peut être utilisé aux fins de sensibilisation et éducation publique A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2012/04/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/files/travailleursmigrants4pages.pdf Y2 - 2012-04-14 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Les flux des travailleurs migrants temporaires et le rôle ambivalent de l'État : impacts sur la précarisation du travail et la syndicalisation PB - GIREPS, UQAM N2 - Résumé. Cette communication dresse un bilan critique des programmes canadiens de migration temporaire encadrant ce phénomène des flux de travailleurs migrants temporaires pour, ensuite, repérer certains de leurs principaux impacts, tant au niveau des collectifs de travailleurs et de leurs conditions de travail et de séjour qu'à celui du monde du travail au Québec. Elle s’interrogera, ensuite, sur la logique de gestion des flux migratoires de la main-d’oeuvre temporaire dans le cadre d’une étroite collaboration, sinon d’une véritable coordination, entre les entreprises des différents secteurs et l'État, à travers certains de ses organes ad hoc. A1 - Soussi, Sid Ahmed Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.gireps.org/sites/default/files/Soussi,%20Les%20flux%20de%20travailleurs%20migrants%20temporaires.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-01 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - “In and Out the Back Door”: Canada’s Temporary Workers Programs in a Global Perspective CY - Osnabrück (Germany) PB - University of Osnabrück Press, Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies A1 - Victor Piché,  Y1 - 2012/// T2 - The New Politics of International Mobility : Migration Management and its Discontents ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Human trafficking affects foreign workers A1 - Thompson, Suzy Y1 - 2012/03/29/ UR - http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/news-views/news/human-trafficking-affects-foreign-workers-8937/ Y2 - 2012-04-30 JA - Fast Forward Weekly In a report released on March 23, ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Discrimination against foreign workers ‘systemic’ A1 - Scott, Marian Y1 - 2012/03/13/ JA - The Gazette ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Programme des aides familiaux résidants – Prolongation du recrutement d'une aide familiale IS - 12 mars 2012 PB - MICC A1 - Ministère de l'immigration et des communautés culturelles (MICC),  Y1 - 2012/03/12/ UR - http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/employeurs/embaucher-temporaire/aide-familiale/prolongation-recrutement.html Y2 - 2013-11-19 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - The “Pilot” for recruiting temporary foreign workers for low-skilled jobs should be abolished N1 - p.2 The “Pilot” may lead to a growth in undocumented residents When a temporary foreign worker’s visa expires, one of three things will happen: 1) their work permit may be extended for up to four years if they continue to be employed, but they will have no access to services and no possibility of family reunification; 2) the workers will leave when their visas expire, requiring employers to recruit and tra in other temporary workers to replace them; or 3) the workers will go underground and become undocumented and even more vulnerable. As more people go underground, Canada will face problems like many European countries experienced with their guest workers in the 1960’s and 70’s, and the United States with its undocumented population. N2 - The Pilot Project for Occupations Requiring Lower Levels of Formal Training should be abolished. Those who are currently in Canada under this program should be granted permanent residence. A1 - Maytree Foundation,  Y1 - 2012/03/01/ UR - http://maytree.com/discussion-papers/adjustingthebalance/the-“pilot”-for-recruiting-temporary-foreign-workers-for-low-skilled-jobs-should-be-abolished.html Y2 - 2012-03-01 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Migrant workers face systemic discrimination, Que. rights commission says A1 - White, Marianna Y1 - 2012/02/21/ UR - http://migrantscanada.wordpress.com/2012/02/21/migrant-workers-face-systemic-discrimination-que-rights-commission-says/ UR - http://migrantscanada.wordpress.com/2012/02/21/migrant-workers-face-systemic-discrimination-que-rights-commission-says/ Y2 - 2012-02-22 JA - Postmedia News ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Quebec Human Rights Commission report finds that Temporary Foreign Worker programs compromise migrant workers' rights A1 - UFCW Canada,  Y1 - 2012/02/21/ UR - http://www.ufcw.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2670:quebec-human-rights-commission-report-finds-that-temporary-foreign-worker-programs-compromise-migrant-workers-rights&catid=6:directions-newsletter&Itemid=6&lang=en Y2 - 2012-03-01 JA - UFCW Media & News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Québec doit modifier sa loi et ses programmes en matière d’immigration pour mettre fin à la discrimination systémique des travailleuses et travailleurs migrants N2 - La Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse demande au gouvernement du Québec de réviser sa législation et ses programmes en matière d’immigration pour mettre fin à la discrimination systémique dont sont victimes les travailleurs migrants. Dans un avis rendu public aujourd’hui, la Commission conclut que les aides familiales résidantes, les travailleurs agricoles saisonniers et les autres travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu spécialisés sont victimes de discrimination systémique en raison de leur origine ethnique ou nationale, de leur race, de leur condition sociale, de leur langue et, dans le cas des aides familiales résidantes, de leur sexe. « Notre avis expose clairement la situation de grande vulnérabilité dans laquelle se trouvent ces travailleurs migrants », a précisé le président de la Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse, monsieur Gaétan Cousineau. « Ce sont pourtant des personnes qui bénéficient de la protection de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne au même titre que les résidents permanents ou les citoyens. Elles font partie du tissu social et contribuent à la vie économique du Québec. » En 2010, le Québec a accueilli près de 7 000 travailleurs migrants peu spécialisés, dont la plupart étaient originaires du Guatemala, du Mexique et des Antilles qui ont été employés principalement dans le secteur agricole. De ce nombre, environ 400 aides familiales résidantes, en majorité originaires des Philippines, travaillaient dans des familles québécoises comme gardiennes d’enfant ou aides domestiques. La Commission est d’avis que la vulnérabilité dans laquelle se retrouvent ces travailleurs migrants exerce une pression à la baisse sur les conditions de travail de l’ensemble des travailleurs qui œuvrent dans ces secteurs. D’ailleurs, en l’absence de travailleurs migrants, bien des employeurs québécois seraient obligés d’améliorer les conditions de travail insatisfaisantes dans ces domaines d’emploi. Le gouvernement du Québec devrait viser la création d’un programme d’immigration permanente plutôt que temporaire et ainsi limiter le recours aux travailleurs migrants, selon la Commission. De même, cette dernière demande au ministère de l’Immigration et des Communautés culturelles de n’accepter que des travailleurs disposant d’un permis de travail sectoriel et d’interdire l’obligation de résider chez l’employeur. Cette obligation peut compromettre plusieurs droits protégés par la Charte, dont le droit à la vie privée et l’inviolabilité de la demeure. La constante disponibilité physique des aides familiales résidantes rend également difficile la distinction entre leur vie privée et leur vie professionnelle, ce qui peut compliquer, entre autres, le calcul du temps supplémentaire. .../2 Présentement, en raison de leur statut d’immigration, les travailleurs migrants doivent détenir un permis de travail limité à un seul emploi et à un seul employeur qui les contraint aussi à demeurer chez leur employeur. Cela restreint, non seulement leur liberté d’établissement et leur accès au programme de regroupement familial, mais porte également atteinte à leur droit à la liberté et leur droit à des conditions de travail justes et raisonnables qui respectent leur santé, leur sécurité et leur intégrité physique. En outre, comme les travailleurs migrants ont de la difficulté à établir leur résidence, ils sont exclus des programmes de protection sociale et n’ont pas droit, notamment, à l’aide juridique, à l’aide sociale, à l’instruction publique (à la discrétion des commissions scolaires) et aux programmes de soutien à l’intégration des immigrants, y compris les cours de francisation, alors que la majorité de ces travailleurs sont hispanophones ou anglophones. « Une meilleure connaissance du français pourrait pourtant les aider à obtenir des résultats supérieurs dans la grille de sélection des travailleurs indépendants », précise l’avis de la Commission. Par ailleurs, dans certaines circonstances, les travailleurs migrants sont exclus de certaines dispositions du Code de travail, de la Loi sur les normes du travail, de la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail et de la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles. Par conséquent, ils n’ont pas droit aux mêmes conditions de travail et salariales que les travailleurs québécois qui font le même travail, particulièrement en ce qui a trait aux heures supplémentaires et aux congés payés. Afin de prévenir les abus, la Commission recommande que le gouvernement du Québec encadre mieux les activités des agences de recrutement des travailleurs migrants et offre une meilleure protection à ces travailleurs qui risquent d’être renvoyés dans leur pays s’ils sont impliqués dans un litige ou s’ils déposent une plainte. Elle recommande donc la mise en place d’un mécanisme de recours en cas de rapatriement par l’employeur, le consulat du pays d’origine ou encore de l’Agence des services frontaliers du Canada, dans le cadre du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers. Depuis 2005, la Commission est intervenue à de nombreuses reprises en faveur des aides familiales résidantes et des travailleurs agricoles migrants se trouvant au Québec et participe, depuis 2008, aux travaux du Comité interministériel permanent sur la protection des travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu spécialisés. L’avis « La discrimination systémique à l’égard des travailleuses et de travailleurs migrants » est disponible à l’adresse www.cdpdj.qc.ca. Des résumés, en français et en anglais, sont aussi disponibles à la même adresse. -30- Source : Julie Lajoye 514 873-5146 ou 1 800 361-6477 poste 230 Julie.lajoye@cdpdj.qc.ca A1 - CDPDJ,  Y1 - 2012/02/20/ UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/publications/Documents/Avis_travailleurs_immigrants.pdf UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/publications/Documents/Avis_travailleurs_immigrants_resume.pdf Y2 - 2012-02-22 T3 - Avis juridiques de la CDPDJ ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Quebec must revise its immigration law and programs to put an end to the systemic discrimination of migrant workers A1 - Quebec Human Right Commission,  Y1 - 2012/02/20/ UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/Documents/COMM_travailleurs_migrants_En_fev2012.pdf UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/publications/Documents/Avis_travailleurs_immigrants_resume.pdf Y2 - 2012-02-23 T3 - CDPDJ Press Releases ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario crash sheds light on plight of migrant workers A1 - Mehler Paperny, Anna A1 - Bascaramurty, Dakshana Y1 - 2012/02/07/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ontario-crash-sheds-light-on-plight-of-migrant-workers/article2330406/ Y2 - 2012-02-28 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - PAMP T1 - Migrant Workers: Used and Abused CY - Montreal PB - Canadian Council for Refugees N2 - Charged exorbitant recruitment fees, forces to work unpaid overtime, subjected to dangerous working conditions, housed in sub-standard living conditions... these are just some of the abuses endured by migrant workers in Canada. This four-page document can be used for awareness-raising and public education. A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees (CCR),  Y1 - 2012/02/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers-used-and-abused Y2 - 2012-04-14 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Cambodian Domestic Workers in Malaysia: Challenges in Labor Migration Policy and Potential Mechanisms for Protection CY - Phnom Penh, Cambodia N2 - This paper will look at the challenges facing young Cambodian women who migrate to Malaysia as domestic workers. Section I will discuss the causes leading to the labor shortage in Malaysia and the difficulties in regulating this particular informal sector. The recruitment agency system for Cambodians is also detailed as well as the current working conditions for Cambodians in Malaysia. Section II will look at current legal mechanisms in place for workers, covering the domestic laws of Cambodia and Malaysia as well as international covenants, including a detailed analysis of the brand new Convention on Domestic Workers, adopted in June of 2011. Section III provides a case study of the Philippines where government regulation of the labor migration system has led to increases in remittances, worker protection and higher remuneration. Section IV concludes with recommendations for strengthening the labor migration system for Cambodians working in Malaysia. A1 - Léone, Elizabeth A. Y1 - 2012/01/15/ KW - Domestic Workers KW - Malaysia KW - Cambodia UR - http://usfca.edu/law/docs/cambodianworkers/ Y2 - 2013-04-20 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - 2011 Federal Reform: Making the Canadian Migrant Workers Pay if Employer Found Abusive CY - Montréal PB - Quebec Metropolis Center A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2011/12/15/ T2 - Mistreatment of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada : Overcoming Regulatory Barriers and Realities on the Ground SP - 7-26 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Migration temporaire, injustices durables: Le cas des travailleuses et travailleurs étrangers « temporaires » au Canada A1 - Le Ray, Marie Y1 - 2011/12/15/ UR - http://cjf.qc.ca/userfiles/file/VE/Rapport_Travailleurs-temporaires_2011.pdf Y2 - 2012-03-13 T3 - Vivre ensemble ER - TY - ADVS T1 - “Be it for few months or years. Almost every temporary... PB - Justice for Migrant Workers N2 - “Be it for few months or years. Almost every temporary foreign worker who comes to Canada wants to settle here permanently. And that’s not an easy task to accomplish. Government is continually raising the bar for them to qualify for the permanent residency in Canada. A pre-Christmas party for the temporary foreign workers was held in Edmonton. Babar Tahirkheli spoke with some of them about their concerns.” A1 - J4MW,  Y1 - 2011/12/07/ UR - http://j4mw.tumblr.com/post/13909104623 Y2 - 2011-12-08 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mistreatment of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: Overcoming Regulatory Barriers and Realities on the Ground CY - Montréal PB - Quebec Metropolis Center A1 - Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie A1 - Rahi, Khan Y1 - 2011/// ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Problèmes juridiques soulevés par la réforme de 2011 concernant l’embauche de travailleurs étrangers temporaires au Québec CY - Montréal PB - CMQ-IM A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.cerium.ca/L-embauche-de-travailleurs Y2 - 2011-11-29 T2 - Mistreatment of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: Overcoming Regulatory Barriers and Realities on the Ground SP - 145-165 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada needs more caregivers, please N2 - Immigration Minister Jason Kenney’s plan to accept 10,000 more skilled workers into Canada next year is a sound one, and so is the government’s overall target of 255,000 newcomers. Some other changes make less sense, and may be motivated by politics, more than economics. A1 - The Globe and Mail,  Y1 - 2011/11/06/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/opinions/editorials/canada-needs-more-caregivers-please/article2226252/ Y2 - 2011-11-11 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - RPRT T1 - False Promises: Exploitation and Forced Labour of Nepalese Migrant Workers IS - ASA31/007/2011 CY - London PB - Amnesty International N2 - This paper is about government obligation to prevent trafficking for forced labor. What are the incentives encourage workers to migrate abroad. The role of recruitment agencies that its engagement in providing the services the migrant workers do not help the workers to be a better situation, but makes the workers to be in debt. It also talks about the discrimination against female migration and it introduces abusive cases of domestic workers and other workers in the construction side. It also discusses about the challenges that government faces in imposing the regulations on migrations. The paper is concluded with recommendations. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA31/007/2011/en/ Y2 - 2015-11-06 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Live-in Caregiver Employer/Employee Contract A2 - Human Resources and Skills Development Canada PB - Service Canada A1 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada,  A1 - Human Resources and Skills Development Canada,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eforms/forms/sc-emp5498(2011-09-005)e.pdf UR - http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eforms/forms/sc-emp5498(2012-11-002)e-guide.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-30 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Contrat - Aide familial résidant A2 - Ressources Humaines et Développement des Compétences Canada PB - Service Canada A1 - Ressources Humaines et Développement des Compétences Canada,  A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eforms/forms/sc-emp5498(2011-09-005)f.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-25 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Minister touched by plight of women who got pregnant hoping to stay in Canada N2 - Employment Minister Thomas Lukaszuk has stepped up his push to get permanent status for temporary foreign workers in Alberta after hearing of recent cases of abuse of some Filipina women. A1 - Pratt, Sheila Y1 - 2011/09/09/ JA - Canada.com ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Cambodia: New Regulation Short-Changes Domestic Workers PB - Human Rights Watch Y1 - 2011/08/30/ KW - Cambodian Government KW - New Regulation for Domestic Workers UR - http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/08/30/cambodia-new-regulation-short-changes-domestic-workers Y2 - 2013-03-29 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migrant Workers as Non-Citizens: The Case against Citizenship as a Social Policy Concept IS - Autumn A1 - Baines, Donna A1 - Sharma, Nandita R. Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://spe.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/spe/article/viewFile/6686/3686 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Studies in Political Economy VL - 69 SP - 75 M2 - 75 SP - 75-107 ER - TY - THES T1 - LIVING ON THE EDGE: ADDRESSING EMPLOYMENT GAPS FOR TEMPORARY MIGRANT WORKERS UNDER THE LIVE-IN CAREGIVER PROGRAM CY - Montreal PB - McGill University N2 - This study evaluates unemployment gaps experienced by participants under Canada’s Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP) – a program which allows foreign nationals to enter Canada as temporary residents and, if they complete the program requirements, allows them to apply for permanent residence from within Canada. Using data collected from legal files of a Vancouver based community organisation this study examines why some LCP workers experience longer employment gaps than others and what can be done to reduce these gaps. Policy alternatives are drawn from regression analysis and literature from other jurisdictions. To reduce the lengthiest of gaps this study recommends work permits be extended from one to four years. This recommendation is supplemented with additional programming and evaluation options. A1 - Cheung, Leslie Y1 - 2011/// VL - M.SW. T2 - Social Work SP - 86 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Partial Members: Low-Skilled Temporary Labour Migrants in Canada CY - Montreal PB - McGill/Queens University Press A1 - Straehle, Christine A1 - Lenard, Patti T. Y1 - 2011/// ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Provincial and territorial nominee programs: an avenue to permanent residency for low-skilled migrant workers in Canada? CY - Montreal PB - McGill/Queens University Press A1 - Nakache, Delphine A1 - D'Aoust, Sarah Y1 - 2011/// T2 - Partial Members: Low-Skilled Temporary Labour Migrants in Canada ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Stranger in the Family: The Legal Status of Domestic Workers in Ontario IS - 2 CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Faculty of Law A1 - Aitken, Jennifer Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.heinonline.org//HOL/Page?page=391&handle=hein.journals%2Futflr45&collection=journals Y2 - 2011-07-20 JA - University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review VL - 45 SP - 394 M2 - 394 SP - 394-415 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary Filipino workers on front line of growing debate A1 - Todd, Douglas Y1 - 2011/07/05/ UR - http://j4mw.tumblr.com/post/7273109133 UR - http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/columnists/story.html?id=fa3ace6a-a937-4f1a-ba5b-46b7581f00fd Y2 - 2011-07-06 JA - The Vancouver Sun ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Temporary foreign workers: a growing reality. But is it the right one? A1 - Rollmann, Hans Y1 - 2011/07/05/ UR - http://theindependent.ca/2011/07/04/temporary-foreign-workers-a-growing-reality-but-is-it-the-right-one/ Y2 - 2011-07-06 JA - TheIndependent.ca ER - TY - RPRT T1 - 2011 Trafficking in Persons Report - Brunei PB - United States Department of State Y1 - 2011/06/27/ KW - Domestic Workers KW - Brunei KW - Trafficking UR - http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e12ee9037.html Y2 - 2013-03-30 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Canada’s growing temporary workforce: a worrying trend N2 - Denying workers a route to permanent residency makes them more vulnerable to abuse. A1 - Chow, Olivia Y1 - 2011/06/01/ UR - http://www.focal.ca/en/publications/focalpoint/459-june-2011-olivia-chow Y2 - 2011-06-09 JA - FOCALPoint ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Nanny sues boss for $195K over 'wage theft' N2 - Ugandan immigrant was paid $100 a month for 16-hour days, lawsuit says A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2011/05/29/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2011/05/29/toronto-nanny-suing.html Y2 - 2011-06-27 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers uniting to seek better treatment N2 - Foreign farm workers, nannies and other temporary labourers in Canada are forming a united front to fight for better treatment by employers. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2011/05/29/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/article/999205--foreign-workers-uniting-to-seek-better-treatment Y2 - 2011-06-27 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Documentary tells stories of foreign workers N2 - Project features those who have lost their rights. A1 - Law, Stephanie Y1 - 2011/05/27/ UR - http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Documentary+tells+stories+foreign+workers/4847930/story.html Y2 - 2011-06-27 JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - L'immigration de travailleurs temporaires va s'amplifier N2 - S'il y a encore des personnes qui croient que l'immigration n'a pas de lien avec l'économie, je leur suggère de suivre attentivement le sort qui sera réservé au dossier de l'immigration dans le nouveau gouvernement conservateur majoritaire. A1 - Victor Piché,  Y1 - 2011/05/09/ UR - http://www.cyberpresse.ca/opinions/201105/09/01-4397615-limmigration-de-travailleurs-temporaires-va-samplifier.php Y2 - 2011-06-27 JA - La Presse ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Are there too many foreign workers? N2 - Temporary workers with few rights are filling shortages created by the low wages offered by some employers. A1 - Green, David Y1 - 2011/04/20/ JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary foreign workers: why so many all of a sudden? N2 - Jack Layton: "Why so many temporary foreign workers? We've got more of them coming in than immigrants." Stephen Harper: "We have people coming who have jobs waiting for them. They almost invariably settle here. The NDP government in Manitoba wants us to bring people specifically to fill jobs. That's why we're making some of this re-orientation of the program. To make sure immigrants have work. It helps them adjust. It benefits everybody. I don't know how anyone would be against it and even your colleagues are not." A1 - Basen, Ira Y1 - 2011/04/14/ JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign-worker restrictions panned N2 - Edmonton-Strathcona NDP candidate Linda Duncan is getting widespread support for her call to fix the federal migrant worker program. A1 - Stolte, Elise Y1 - 2011/04/01/ JA - Edmonton Journal ER - TY - RPRT T1 - COUNTDOWN TO METROPOLIS 2011 - VANCOUVER, B.C. CY - Toronto PB - United Food and Commercial Workers N2 - COUNTDOWN TO METROPOLIS 2011 – VANCOUVER, B.C. MARCH 23-26, 2011 On March 23, 2011, about 30 UFCW Canada delegates and various allies from across the country will take a stand at the 13th National Metropolis Conference — Immigration: Bringing the World to Canada to be held in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Metropolis Conference has historically been a place for the federal departments of the HRSDC and CIC to pat themselves on the back while being willfully blind to the inhumanity of the Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW) program. As part of our ongoing national outreach to immigrant and migrant worker communities, in March 2009, UFCW Canada along with 15 UFCW Canada activists from across the country took part in the Metropolis Conference in Calgary, Alberta. In 2010, in Montreal, UFCW Canada again made history, this time with almost 25 activists from UFCW Canada Local Unions 1518, 401, 1000A, 500R, 501, and 503, by leading the 50-person strong progressive caucus of activists at the conference. Where governments and academics spoke about the TFWP being a model program, UFCW Canada activists were there in a coordinated manner to make sure that all were aware that it is only a model program for injustice, state sponsored brutality and worker abuse. UFCW Canada again encompassed the largest labour contingent at the 2010 conference, and through participation as panelists and participants, and shoulder to shoulder with our community allies, succeeded in raising the profile of the exploitation of migrant workers amongst over 1,000 participating representatives from government and national and local community groups. Together we were the predominant voice of resistance to employer calls for lowering of employment protections for temporary migrant and immigrant workers in the name of “flexibility”. UFCW Canada Local 832 and Local 1000A also continued to raise the profile of Canadian abuses of migrant workers on the international stage by participating in the International Metropolis Conference in October, 2010. As with our delegation in 2010, UFCW Canada, the Agriculture Workers Alliance (AWA) and community allies such as Migrante B.C. and Migrante Canada will be mobilizing once again at Metropolis 2011 to ensure that the federal government and its provincial allies does not sell the TFWP as a model program because we know that it is a national embarrassment. “As one of the largest immigration based conferences in Canada, one of the primary impetuses for our strong and vocal attendance at Metropolis is to ensure that the story and allies of migrants are heard loudly. Whether it is at plenary discussion or workshops, UFCW Canada delegates and allies in Montreal in 2010 and Calgary in 2009 were able to decisively respond to the misinformation campaign promoted by the federal and some provincial governments” said UFCW Canada President Wayne Hanley. “In Vancouver, we will again strategically mobilize to ensure that such myopic analysis which commodify migrant workers with little care for their well being, are not left unanswered.” HIGHLIGHTS OF UFCW CANADA’S UPCOMING INVOLVEMENT AT THE 2011 METROPOLIS CONFERENCE: UFCW CANADA/MIGRANTE CANADA “GEWGES” RESISTANCE BOOTH: The centre of operations for our various initiatives at the Metropolis Conference will be our GEWGES (“Good Enough to Work, Good Enough to Stay”) Resistance Booth. Starting on March 23, and running through to March 26, there will be a UFCW Canada interactive, media-rich display table highlighting the many UFCW Canada, AWA and Migrante documents, posters, academic studies, and informational packages that are available to all delegates. The Status of Migrant Farm Workers in Canada 2010-2011 English French Spanish Hundreds will be coming by and checkout our Migrant Worker Book of Abuse; pick up some free bottles of Jason Kenney Hand Sanitizer; a copy of the National Report on the Status of Migrant Farm Workers in Canada 2010-2011; and the UFCW Canada National Report on the Status of Migrant Workers 2011. Learn about our regional, national, and international initiatives. Take the 2 minute Migrant Worker Quiz. Come and chat about the most recent edition of the Exploitation Express. Join the UFCW Canada HRED Email List Serve - the largest migrant worker email list serve in Canada. Speak out at our roaming Speaker’s Corner and have your say on our website, or just visit us at http://www.ufcw.ca/socialjustice to get more information about our regional, national and international strategic initiatives on behalf of migrant workers. PRESS CONFERENCE AND PUBLIC FORUM: UFCW Canada and Migrante B.C. will be hosting a press conference and public forum for the media, community advocates, and the general public entitled Migrant Workers@ Denny’s: Equal in Rights? to highlight the $10 Million lawsuit filed by Herminia Dominguez on behalf of migrant workers at Denny's in B.C., as well as to bring attention to the perilous TFWP and upcoming legislative changes. Presenters include Naveen P. Mehta, UFCW Canada; Maita Santiago, Migrante B.C.; Christopher J. Foy, Kestrel Workplace Legal Counsel; Herminia Dominguez, the Representative Plaintiff, in the Denny’s Class Action Lawsuit; and Janet Dench, of the Canadian Council for Refugees. WORKSHOPS: UFCW Canada Director of Human Rights, Naveen Mehta will be active as a presenter at a workshop entitled “Mapping Migration From The Americas: Exploring Migration Flows To Canada From Latin America And The Caribbean” with several academics. Similarly, Virgilio Ayala, Coordinator of the St. Eustache AWA Support Centre will be presenting at the workshop “Being a Temporary Foreign Worker In Canada: Human Rights, Regulations, And Cultural, Social And Economic Experiences” THE DENNY’S DEMO: Throngs of community advocates, the public, trade unions and academics are preparing for a loud yet peaceful march to raise public awareness of the plight of migrant workers at Denny’s in British Columbia. The march will take place on March 26, 2011 at 11:00 am in front of Denny’s Restaurant in Downtown, Vancouver. PICK UP YOUR COPY OF THE EXPLOITATION EXPRESS: METROPOLIS EDITION: If you are interested in the truth then you’ll want to read the Exploitation Express. This UFCW Canada HRED News Magazine will be in all 1,100 conference kits to ensure that all of the delegates have a better understanding of what the TFWP is doing to strip away our “nation building” capacity while dehumanizing some of the most vulnerable workers in Canada. ALSO CHECK OUT OUR VIDEO FOOTAGE TAKEN AT PAST METROPOLIS CONFERENCES ON OUR DIRECTIONS PAGE COMPTE À REBOURS POUR METROPOLIS 2011 – VANCOUVER (C.-B.) – DU 23 AU 26 MARS 2011 Le 23 mars 2011, près d’une trentaine de délégués des TUAC Canada et divers alliés venant des quatre coins du pays participeront au 13e Congrès national de Metropolis — L’immigration : Relier le Canada au reste du monde qui aura lieu à Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique). Le Congrès de Metropolis a historiquement été une occasion pour le ministère fédéral des Ressources humaines et du Développement des compétences et celui de la Citoyenneté et de l’Immigration de faire leur propre éloge alors qu’ils ferment les yeux sur l’inhumanité du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET). Dans le cadre de nos efforts soutenus pour venir en aide aux communautés des travailleurs immigrants et migrants du pays, les TUAC Canada ainsi qu’une quinzaine de leurs militants venus des diverses régions du pays ont pris part, en mars 2009, au Congrès de Metropolis tenu à Calgary (Alberta) sur les enjeux nationaux et internationaux liés à l’explosion des travailleurs immigrants et migrants au Canada. En 2010, à Montréal, les TUAC Canada ont de nouveau marqué l’histoire, cette fois-ci avec près de 25 militants des sections locales 1518, 401, 1000A, 500R, 501 et 503 des TUAC Canada, en dominant le caucus progressiste fort de 50 militants lors du congrès. Ensemble nous étions la voix prédominante de la résistance aux appels des employeurs réclamant une réduction de la sécurité d’emploi pour les travailleurs immigrants et les travailleurs migrants temporaires au nom de la « flexibilité ». Les sections locales 832 et 1000A des TUAC Canada avaient également participé au Congrès international de Metropolis en octobre de 2010 dans le cadre de leurs efforts soutenus pour dénoncer sur la scène internationale les abus que subissent les travailleurs migrants au Canada. Comme c’était le cas avec notre délégation en 2010, les TUAC Canada, l’Alliance des travailleurs agricoles (ATA) et des alliés communautaires comme Migrante B.C. et Migrante Canada, se mobiliseront une fois de plus au Congrès de Metropolis de 2011 pour s’assurer que le gouvernement fédéral et ses alliés provinciaux ne vendent pas le PTET comme un programme modèle, car nous savons qu’il s’agit d’une source d’embarras national. « Si nous tenons à avoir une forte présence à Metropolis, l’un des plus grands congrès sur l’immigration au Canada,c’est pour nous assurer que l’histoire des migrants et les alliés de ces travailleurs sont entendus haut et fort. Tant dans les discussions plénières que dans les ateliers, les délégués et les alliés des TUAC Canada à Montréal en 2010 et à Calgary en 2009 ont pu répondre de manière décisive à la campagne de désinformation appuyée par le gouvernement fédéral et certains gouvernements provinciaux », de dire le président des TUAC Canada Wayne Hanley. « À Vancouver, nous allons nous mobiliser stratégiquement pour nous assurer que des analyses d’une telle myopie qui traitent les travailleurs migrants comme des marchandises avec peu d’égard pour leur bien-être ne restent pas sans réponse. » POINTS SAILLANTS DE LA PROCHAINE PARTICIPATION DES TUAC CANADA AU CONGRÈS DE METROPOLIS DE 2011 : KIOSQUE DE RÉSISTANCE « GEWGES » DE TUAC/MIGRANTE CANADA : Le centre de contrôle pour nos diverses initiatives au Congrès de Metropolis sera notre kiosque de résistance Good Enough to Work, Good Enough to Stay, ou GEWGES (Assez bon pour travailler, assez bon pour rester). Jusqu’à la fin du congrès, les TUAC Canada établiront un présentoir interactif multimédia mettant en relief les divers documents, affiches, études théoriques et trousses d’information que les TUAC Canada, l’ATA et Migrante mettent à la disposition des délégués. La situation des travailleurs agricoles migrants au Canada 2010-2011 Français Anglais Espagnol Des centaines de personnes viendront pour consulter notre étude sur les abus faits aux travailleurs migrants; et pour obtenir gratuitement quelques flacons de gel désinfectant pour les mains de la marque Jason Kenney, un exemplaire du Rapport national sur la situation des travailleurs agricoles migrants au Canada de 2010-2011 et du UFCW Canada National Report on the Status of Migrant Workers 2011 (Rapport national des TUAC Canada sur la situation des travailleurs migrants de 2011). Informez-vous sur nos initiatives régionales, nationales et internationales. Prenez deux minutes de votre temps pour répondre au jeu-questionnaire sur les travailleurs migrants. Venez converser avec nous au sujet de la toute dernière édition du magazine d’actualités Exploitation Express (L’exploitation « tous azimuts »). Inscrivez-vous sur la liste de diffusion des informations concernant les travailleurs migrants au Canada. Faites connaître vos points de vue sur notre tribune libre À vous la parole à portée étendue ou sur notre site Web, ou encore visitez-nous à www.tuac.ca/justicesociale pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements sur nos initiatives stratégiques régionales, nationales et internationales pour les travailleurs migrants. CONFÉRENE DE PRESSE ET TRIBUNE PUBLIQUE : Les TUAC Canada et Migrante B.C. tiendront une conférence de presse et tribune publique pour les médias, les défenseurs communautaires et le grand public qui s’intitule Migrant Workers@ Denny’s: Equal in Rights? pour souligner le recours collectif de 10 millions $ déposé par Herminia Dominguez pour les travailleurs migrants à l’emploi de Denny's en Colombie-Britannique, et aussi pour attirer l’attention sur le périlleux Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les modifications législatives à venir. Liste des conférenciers et conférencières : Naveen Mehta, TUAC Canada; Maita Santiago, Migrante B.C.; Christopher J. Foy, Kestrel Workplace Legal Counsel; Herminia V. Dominguez, représentante des demandeurs dans le recours collectif contre Denny’s; et Janet Dench, Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés. ATELIER : Le responsable des droits de la personne, de l’équité et de la diversité au sein des TUAC Canada, Naveen Mehta, fera partie de l’équipe d’universitaires qui présenteront l’atelier intitulé « Catographie des migrations dans les Amériques : Exploration des flux migratoires de l’Amérique latine et des Antilles vers le Canada ». De même, Virgilio Ayala, coordonnateur du Centre de soutien de l’ATA de St-Eustache présentera l’atelier intitulé « Être travailleur étranger temporaire au Canada : Droits de la personne, règlements et expériences culturelles, sociales et économiques. » MANIFESTATION CONTRE DENNY’S : Des foules de personnes (défenseurs communautaires, membres du grand public, organisations syndicales, universitaires, etc.) se préparent à participer à une marche bruyante mais pacifique visant à sensibiliser le public sur la situation lamentable des travailleurs migrants à l’emploi de Denny’s en Colombie-Britannique. La marche aura lieu le 26 mars 2011, à 11 h, devant le restaurant Denny’s du centre-ville de Vancouver. EXPLOITATION EXPRESS – ÉDITION METROPOLIS : Si vous voulez connaître la vérité, vous lirez Exploitation Express (L’exploitation « tous azimuts »). Ce magazine d’actualités publié par le Service des DPED des TUAC Canada sera inséré dans tous les 1100 dossiers de congressiste de sorte que tous les délégués comprennent mieux ce que fait le PTET pour enlever notre capacité « d’assurer le progrès de la nation » tout en déshumanisant certains des travailleurs les plus vulnérables du Canada. Veuillez aussi visionner nos séquences vidéo filmées lors de congrès Metropolis antérieurs qui se trouvent dans nos articles du bulletin Directions PLEASE FORWARD WIDELY ACROSS YOUR NETWORKS. UFCW Canada is Canada's largest private sector union with more than 250,000 members across the country working in almost every sector of the food industry from field to table. UFCW Canada in association with the Agriculture Workers Alliance (AWA) (www.awa-ata.ca) also operates ten agriculture workers support and advocacy centres across Canada, which have provided assistance to thousands of workers since the first centre opened its doors in 2002. Les TUAC Canada figurent parmi les plus grands syndicats du secteur privé au Canada, représentant plus de 250 000 membres partout au pays qui oeuvrent dans presque tous les secteurs de l’industrie alimentaire allant des champs de culture à la table à manger. De concert avec l’Alliance des travailleurs agricoles (ATA) (www.awa-ata.ca), les TUAC Canada exploitent également dix centres de soutien et de défense pour travailleurs agricoles à travers le Canada, qui ont fourni de l’assistance à des milliers de travailleurs depuis l’ouverture du premier centre en 2002. UFCW Canadá es el sindicato Canadiense más grande del sector privado con más de 250,000 miembros en todo el país trabajando en cada sector de la industria alimenticia desde el campo a la mesa. La UFCW Canadá en asociación con la Alianza para los Trabajadores Agrícolas (AWA) (www.awa-ata.ca) también opera diez centros de apoyo y de defensa a través de Canadá, los mismos que han proporcionado asistencia a decenas de miles de trabajadores desde que el primer centro abrió sus puertas en el año 2002. List address: mailto:HRED@listserver.ufcw.ca Subscribe: mailto:HRED-subscribe@listserver.ufcw.ca Unsubscribe: mailto:HRED-unsubscribe@listserver.ufcw.ca A1 - United Food and Commercial Workers,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://ufcw.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2276:countdown-to-metropolis-2011-vancouver-bc-march-23-26-2011-1&catid=160&Itemid=6&lang=en Y2 - 2011-03-23 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada and Nova Scotia to Work Together on Temporary Foreign Workers N2 - Temporary foreign workers in Nova Scotia will be better protected as a result of an agreement between Canada and Nova Scotia that gives the province a role in managing the Temporary Foreign Worker Program. A1 - Marketwire,  Y1 - 2011/03/20/ UR - http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Canada-and-Nova-Scotia-to-Work-Together-on-Temporary-Foreign-Workers-1414370.htm Y2 - 2011-06-28 JA - Marketwire ER - TY - NEWS T1 - New foreign worker rules for employers N2 - The rules governing temporary foreign workers are set to change April 1 when new regulations take effect that will change the way companies hire everybody from oilpatch workers to live-in caregivers. Labour shortages lead to complications whenever they occur, says Evelyn Ackah, a business immigration lawyer in Calgary. A1 - Sankey, Derek Y1 - 2011/02/28/ UR - http://www.vancouversun.com/life/foreign+worker+rules+employers/4360196/story.html Y2 - 2011-06-28 JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign caregivers at risk of exploitation N2 - Legislation needed to ensure both seniors and immigrants who care for them are treated well, study says. A1 - Proudfoot, Shannon Y1 - 2011/02/28/ JA - Ottawa Citizen ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Immigration officials target bad employers N2 - Federal immigration officials are creating a database of "bad employers" who are blacklisted for abusing a foreign worker program and banned from bringing employees to Canada for two years. A1 - Godfrey, Tom Y1 - 2011/02/27/ UR - http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2011/02/27/17426801.html Y2 - 2011-06-28 JA - Toronto Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada and Yukon Sign Agreement on Temporary Foreign Workers N2 - The Governments of Canada and Yukon have signed an agreement that gives Yukon a role in managing the Temporary Foreign Worker Program within the Territory. A1 - Marketwire,  Y1 - 2011/02/23/ UR - http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Canada-and-Yukon-Sign-Agreement-on-Temporary-Foreign-Workers-1400664.htm Y2 - 2011-06-28 JA - Marketwire ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada’s immigration policy: Who is on the guest list? N2 - This week, the Minister of Immigration and Citizenship rightly noted that immigrants are Canada’s ticket to economic growth in the coming years. A1 - Yalnizyan, Armine Y1 - 2011/02/18/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/economy-lab/the-economists/canadas-immigration-policy-who-is-on-the-guest-list/article1913178/ Y2 - 2011-06-28 JA - GLobe and Mail ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Positives and Pitfalls of Canada's Temporary Foreign worker Program (TFWP) PB - Canadian Labour Congress N2 - Report from the Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) December 1-2, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland A1 - Flecker, Karl Y1 - 2011/// ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Immigration programs still poorly tracked: Volpe N2 - Canada's Citizenship and Immigration Department needs to do a better job keeping track of business-class immigrants, says the chairman of the parliamentary public accounts committee. A1 - McKie, David Y1 - 2011/01/31/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/01/28/mckie-cic-volpe-012911.html Y2 - 2011-06-29 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Sri Lankan government sets minimum age limit for migrant housemaids CY - Colombo, Sri Lanka PB - ColomboPage Newspaper Y1 - 2011/01/26/ UR - http://www.colombopage.com/archive_11/Jan26_1296021223CH.php Y2 - 2012-11-23 JA - ColomboPage ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Guide des travailleurs étrangers CY - Ottawa PB - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2011/01/20/ UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/ressources/guides/fw/index.asp Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Traitement des aides familiaux résidants au Canada A2 - Citoyenneté et immigration Canada PB - Citoyenneté et immigration Canada A1 - Citizenship and immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2011/01/19/ UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/ressources/guides/ip/ip04-fra.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-25 VL - IP 4 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Vancouver Group Calls for Rights for Migrant Workers N2 - Janette Mcintosh, a member of West Point Grey, Vancouver, Kairos Vancouver and the coalition, called attention to a November 2010 report from the UN International Labour Organization, which ruled that Canada and Ontario violated the rights of more than 100,000 farm workers when it barred them from forming unions. A1 - Purvis, C. Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2296806551&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 JA - The Presbyterian Record ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada's immigration policy: Who is on the guest list? A1 - Yalnizyan, A. Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2301724321&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 JA - The Hill Times ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - L'accès au statut de résident permanent pour les travailleurs temporaires oeuvrant sur le territoire québécois N2 - Apres une analyse de l'evolution des pouvoirs quebecois en matiere d'immigration economique, cet article presente les programmes de selection des travailleurs etrangers applicables au Quebec et analyse la mesure dans laquelle les travailleurs temporaires peuvent s'etablir de facon permanente au Canada. A1 - Houle, France A1 - Emery, Marilyn A1 - Gayet, Anne-Claire Y1 - 2011/01/01/ UR - http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=263439976 Y2 - 2011-09-20 JA - University of New Brunswick Law Journal ER - TY - RPRT T1 - International Migrants Day — December 18, 2010 PB - UFCW Canada N2 - In 2010, UFCW Canada, their community partners and allies continued to fight for dignity and respect for the over 250,000 migrant workers that enter Canada annually. The article describes their achievements and hopes for the future. A1 - United Food and Commercial Workers,  Y1 - 2010/12/18/ UR - http://www.ufcw.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2189%3Ainternational-migrants-day-december-18-2010&catid=24%3Anews&Itemid=101&lang=en Y2 - 2011-05-25 T3 - UFCW Canada Human Rights ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - India/UAE: Use Visit to Raise Migrant Worker Issue PB - Human Rights Watch Y1 - 2010/11/22/ KW - India KW - Letter from Humang rights watch KW - migrant workers in UAE UR - http://www.hrw.org/news/2010/11/22/indiauae-use-visit-raise-migrant-worker-issue Y2 - 2013-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Migration and the Gulf CY - Washington, DC PB - The Middle East Institute N2 - The book is about labor migration to the GCC States, patterns, scale and policies, Sri Lankan migration to the Gulf, female breadwinners, domestic workers, migration and human rights in the Gulf, Kerala emigrants in the Gulf, migration workers in Kuwait, the international political economy of Gulf migration, remittances from GCC countries, remittances to kerala, labor camps in the Gulf States, Omanization policy and international migration in Oman. It is also about paradigm shifts in India’s migration policy toward the Gulf. Y1 - 2010/// KW - Labor Camp KW - migration trend in the GCC KW - Policies for migration UR - http://www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/Migration_and_the_Gulf.pdf Y2 - 2012-10-29 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Traitement des demandes aux termes du programme des aides familiaux résidants A2 - Citoyenneté et immigration Canada PB - Citoyenneté et immigration Canada A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2010/10/27/ UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/ressources/guides/op/op14-fra.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-25 VL - OP 14 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Support organization steps up to serve the needs of temporary foreign workers N2 - The Province’s controversial Temporary Foreign Workers Program is currently under review and in need of reform, but while some of the problems are being worked out, a one of a kind support organization has stepped up to serve the needs of immigrants. A1 - Global News,  Y1 - 2010/10/05/ JA - Global Saskatoon ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Canada-British Columbia Immigration Agreement - Annex F: Temporary Foreign Workers A2 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada A1 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada,  A1 - Provincial Government of British Columbia,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/laws-policy/agreements/bc/bc-2010-annex-f.asp Y2 - 2011-09-30 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Accord Canada–Colombie-Britannique sur l’immigration Annexe F – Travailleurs étrangers temporaires A2 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada PB - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  A1 - Gouvernement provincial de la Colombie-Britannique,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/ministere/lois-politiques/ententes/cb/cb-2010-annexe-f.asp Y2 - 2011-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insertion socioprofessionnelle des aides familiales résidantes IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Castonguay, Marie-Hélène A1 - Benzakour, Chakib Y1 - 2010/// JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 42 M2 - 42 SP - 42-44 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary Worker Programs as Precarious Status: Implications for Citizenship, Inclusion and Nation Building in Canada IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Goldring, Luin Y1 - 2010/// KW - precarious status JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 50 M2 - 50 SP - 50-54 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restrictions on Rights and Freedoms of Low-skilled Temporary Foreign Workers: Policy Alternatives Deserving Consideration IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes N2 - A portion of the temporary foreign workers admitted for work in low-skilled occupations in Canada are subjected to major restrictions to Charter-based rights and freedoms. This administrative condition has been associated by researchers, community groups, etc. to systemic human and labour rights abuses, which points to the fact that a specific combination of alternatives policies should be given serious consideration by policy-makers. A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 64 M2 - 64 SP - 64-67 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immigration Policy Shifts: From Nation Building to Temporary Migration IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees (CCR),  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 90 M2 - 90 SP - 90-93 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary Worker Programs: U.S. and Global Experiences IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes N2 - This article provides an overview of Temporary Worker Programs (TWPs) in different countries, and the implications of the variety of programs on Canadian labour migration policies. In traditional immigration countries such as the U.S., TWPs were the great exception, with unions and immigrant advocates generally opposed to “contract labour” programs, whether they admitted immigrants who were bound to their first employer for several years, or non-immigrants, required to leave after a certain number of months or years. By contrast, European guest worker programs admitted probationary immigrants, meaning that rights to reunify families, to change employers and to remain in the country depended on having an employer request the necessary work permits for residence card renewals. Most guest workers returned to their countries of origin as expected, but some settled, giving European countries significant minority populations. Canada’s TWPs mirror American as well as European programs. As in the U.S., certain TWPs admit temporary workers to fill temporary jobs, others admit temporary workers to fill year-round jobs, and some give temporary workers an inside track to immigrant status, while others do not. As in Europe, Canada has probationary immigrant programs, such as the Live-in Caregiver Program, similar to European guest worker programs. A1 - Martin, Philip Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 122 M2 - 122 SP - 122-128 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Équité en matière de santé et de sécurité au service des travailleurs migrants temporaires : problématique du remplacement de la main-d’oeuvre canadienne IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Gravel, Sylvie A1 - Raynault, Marie-France Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 68 M2 - 68 SP - 68-72 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Travailleurs étrangers temporaires : une introduction IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Worswick, Christopher Y1 - 2010/// JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 6 M2 - 6 SP - 6-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canada’s Temporary Foreign Workers Programs IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes N2 - This article briefly examines the Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) programs and details potential costs and benefits that TFWs may represent for the Canadian labour market. It then outlines some recent research that shows that TFWs have had strong labour market outcomes in Canada. Finally, it discusses the new Canadian Experience Class and present findings that suggest that immigrants entering under this class will obtain economic success. A1 - Sweetman, Arthur Y1 - 2010/// JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 19 M2 - 19 SP - 19-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foreign Worker Recruitment and Protection: The Role of Manitoba’s Worker Recruitment and Protection Act IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Allan, The Honorable Nancy Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 29 M2 - 29 SP - 29-32 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Throwaway Workers N2 - It's a controversial government program that is now under review; the provincial government is looking into the impact of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, and so is Global News. A1 - Global Calgary,  Y1 - 2010/09/09/ JA - Global Saskatoon ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary foreign workers program reviewed N2 - While the province moves to reform the temporary foreign worker program, the Alberta Federation of Labour says scrap it. A1 - Carol, Christian Y1 - 2010/09/07/ UR - http://www.fortmcmurraytoday.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=2746323&archive=true Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - Fort McMurray Today ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Alberta to review its Temporary Foreign Worker Program N2 - The province is extending an $850,000 program that helps temporary foreign workers. Even though the economy has not fully recovered from the recession, the province says investing in foreign workers now will help down the road. A1 - CTV,  Y1 - 2010/09/03/ UR - http://calgary.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100903/CGY_temporary_workers_100903/20100903/?hub=CalgaryHome Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - CTV News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - New foreign workers 'blacklist' sparks controversy N2 - Immigration Minister Jason Kenney announced the new measures two weeks ago, and they will come into effect. A1 - Anca, Gurzu Y1 - 2010/09/01/ UR - http://www.embassymag.ca/page/view/blacklist-09-01-2010 Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - Embassy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Policies on and Experiences of Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada IS - 9 N2 - This paper reviews studies of government policies on, and the experiences of, foreign domestic workers in Canada. It provides an overview of changes in Canadian policies regulating foreign domestic workers and in their demographic composition in Canada over recent decades. It identifies three analytical themes in studies about their experiences such as: (1) conceptualizing citizenship in policy-making as contested; (2) documenting the inherently exploitative nature of the programme; and (3) examining the intersectionality of class, race, and gender. The review is guided by feminist scholarship on reproductive labour in the household. It identifies unaddressed issues and proposes future directions for studies of foreign domestic workers in Canada. A1 - Hsiung, Ping-Chun A1 - Nichol, Katherine Y1 - 2010/09/01/ JA - Sociology Compass VL - 4 SP - 766 M2 - 766 SP - 766-778 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Tamil Asylum Seekers Deserve Better Reception N2 - If the 492 Tamil asylum-seekers who recently arrived by boat on B.C.'s shores are "queue-jumpers", then I guess my parents were too. See, they came as Vietnam War draft dodgers from the U.S. in 1967. Like a couple of the Tamil women just arrived, my mom was pregnant with me. My parents did not seek advance permission from the Canadian government to immigrate. They did not fill out any paperwork before arriving. And they could no more seek permission to leave from their home government than these Tamils could, for what they were doing was, as far as the U.S. was concerned, illegal and would result in my father's arrest. A1 - Klein, Seth Y1 - 2010/08/26/ UR - http://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2010/08/26/TamilAsylumSeekers/ Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - The Tyee ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guestworkers and second-class citizenship N2 - This paper takes up the question of rights restrictions for guestworkers from a liberal-democratic perspective. Is it ever legitimate to offer migrants job opportunities in exchange for their agreement to waive rights? If so, are there limits on the rights we can ask guestworkers to give up? I examine three arguments for why rights restrictions on guestworkers should not be allowed: (1) that they require guestworkers to waive an inalienable claim to membership, (2) that they are exploitative, and (3) that they place guestworkers into dominating social relationships in the receiving society. I conclude that none of these arguments can rule out rights restrictions on guestworkers altogether. I then sketch some restrictions that remain permissible even after we take these arguments into account. A1 - Stilz, Anna Y1 - 2010/// JA - Policy and Society VL - 29 SP - 295 M2 - 295 SP - 295-307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mondialisation et violence sexiste : Le cas des travailleuses domestiques migrantes au Canada N2 - Plusieurs indices laisse supposer l’existence d’un lien entre avancée de la mondialisation capitaliste et augmentation de la violence sexiste. Cet article contribue à la réflexion sur le sujet en présentant le cas des travailleuses domestiques migrantes au Canada. L’auteur suggère que l’augmentation des inégalités économiques et sociales liées à la mondialisation affecte particulièrement les individus appauvris et les femmes. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs femmes migrent pour travailler dans des conditions précaires, s’exposant ainsi à diverses formes de violence. Présentant la situation de travailleuses migrantes inscrites au « Programme concernant les aides familiaux résidants » (PAFR) du gouvernement canadien, l’auteur soutient que leurs conditions de travail relève de ce qu’il convient d’appeler la « traite de femmes ». A1 - David, Moffette Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.sciencessociales.uottawa.ca/cepi-cips/eng/documents/Moffette.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-22 JA - Potentia SP - 69 M2 - 69 SP - 69-78 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Nannies, foreign workers face new rules N2 - The federal government is tightening the regulations affecting live-in caregivers and temporary foreign workers, as well as the people who hire them. A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2010/08/19/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2010/08/19/con-nanny-regulations.html Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - CBC News ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America CY - Boston PB - Harvard University Press A1 - Nakano Glen, Evelyn Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/Forced-Care-Coercion-Caregiving-America/dp/0674048792/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1312575783&sr=1-1 Y2 - 2011-08-05 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The missing link: Gender, immigration policy and the Live-in Caregiver Program in Canada N2 - Temporary labour migration is on the rise in the developed world. In May 2009, Canada’s Parliamentary Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration issued a report on the state of temporary and undocumented foreign workers in Canada, making a series of recommendations to ensure that labour needs can be met through temporary foreign workers and that those workers are able to successfully integrate into Canadian society. The report highlights one Canadian immigration program, the Live-in Caregivers Program, which offers migrant workers the opportunity to apply for permanent residency after working 24 months as a live-in child or elder care provider. The authors argue that the report errs in holding up the Live-in Caregivers Program as a model for other temporary foreign worker programs. Although the path to permanent residency is an important provision of the Live-in Caregivers Program, a gendered analysis of the program shows that the women who come to Canada as caregivers continue to face vulnerability and exploitation because of key structures of the program, most importantly the live-in requirement. Until policy reform accounts for the results of such a gendered analysis, the Live-in Caregivers Program does not ensure that caregivers will be able to integrate successfully into Canadian society. A1 - Bricker, Rachel K. A1 - Strehle, Christine Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1449403510000366 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Policy and Society VL - 29 SP - 309 M2 - 309 SP - 309-320 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers in Alberta bilked by unscrupulous job recruiters N2 - She arrived in Calgary in July 2009 ready for work as a live-in nanny. Recruited from France, where she'd spent the previous six years, the Filipino woman had everything she needed in hand: a work permit, experience in the field, and a promise of a job in this city. But despite the $5,800 she paid to an employment agency in Calgary, the 51-year-old landed to learn there was no position waiting for her. A1 - Cuthbertson, Richard A1 - Cuthbertson, Richard Y1 - 2010/08/01/ JA - Calgary Herald ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient servitude: migrant labour in Canada and the apartheid of citizenship IS - 1 CY - Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC PB - SAGE publications N2 - Shifts in Canada’s immigration policy, most recently linked to the Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) with the US and Mexico, have created an increased reliance on temporary migrant workers, who constitute a disposable workforce, driven from their own countries by the same forces of neoliberal capitalism which foster their super-exploitation in the Canadian labour market. In this article, the operation of two migrant worker programmes, the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) and Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP), are considered in the context of the province of British Columbia. The various means by which migrant workers are maintained in a state of vulnerability, available as a pool of cheap labour but excluded from belonging to the nation, are discussed. The article concludes by examining examples and further possibilities of alliances across social movements in BC in order to advance the struggle for human dignity. A1 - Walia, Harsha Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://rac.sagepub.com/content/52/1/71 Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - Race & Class VL - 52 SP - 71 M2 - 71 SP - 71-84 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Temporary Foreign Workers in Alberta: Human Rights Issues CY - Calgary PB - Alberta Civil Liberties Research Center A1 - Alberta Civil Liberties Research Centre,  Y1 - 2010/// T3 - Alberta Civil Liberties Research Center Publications ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marginalizing Migrants: Canada's Rising Reliance on Temporary Foreign Workers IS - Spring A1 - Siematycki, Myer A1 - Siematycki, Myer Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-22 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 60 M2 - 60 SP - 60-63 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary Workers: Permanent Rights? CY - Ottawa PB - Metropolis Canada A1 - Nakache, Delphine Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-14 JA - Canadian issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 45 M2 - 45 SP - 45-49 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Jason Kenney's disposable workforce of temporary foreign labour N2 - Using the distraction of police violence against protesters that was on display at the G20 Summit marches in Toronto, the Canadian government once again affirmed their commitment to the movement of people across their borders only as cheap and replaceable labour. A1 - Mushtaq , Usman Y1 - 2010/07/08/ UR - http://rabble.ca/news/2010/07/jason-kenneys-disposable-workforce-temporary-foreign-labour Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - Rabble ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Résidents temporaires OP 11 A2 - Citizenship and immigration Canada PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada A1 - Citizenship and immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2010/07/05/ UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/ressources/guides/op/op11-fra.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-25 VL - OP 11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Who Has Their Eye on the Ball? : Jurisdictional Fútbol and Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program N1 - A recent survey of nearly 600 temporary foreign workers in agriculture, funded by CERIS Ontario Metropolis Research Centre, found that 92 percent of respondents were married and had an average of three children (p2). Researchers generally agree that development is more likely to occur if migrants invest their remittances in agricultural land, machinery, livestock or businesses that have productive capacities. However, they have documented that many migrants use it to purchase food, clothing and medicine; to pay for children’s education; to build or repair their houses; to upgrade household facilities; to acquire foreign-built amenities; and to pay off debts. Research tends to show that the development associated with migration is uneven and depends on the character of the remittance communities. For example, migrants from rural communities with higher-quality land, better infrastructure and greater access to markets are more likely to invest their earnings in productive areas. Those from poorer rural areas with weaker infrastructure and poorer-quality land are more likely to spend their remittances on daily household needs (p2). Research has shown that most temporary migrants in Canada’s seasonal temporary migration program have participated in the program for an average of 7 to 9 years, with many participating for over 20 years. Among the migrants surveyed in the CERIS project, 24 percent have come to Canada for 10 years or more. Clearly for a good number of migrant workers (notably those from Mexico and Jamaica), migrating to Canada to work has been far from temporary (p3). CY - Montreal PB - Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP) N2 - A paradigm shift is well underway in Canada with respect to migration, one in which temporary migration rivals permanent migration and where the transition from temporary to permanent status has become the “new normal,” says Jenna Hennebry. Here she discusses some of the changing realities of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program, and asks whether it is a “win-win” policy for both Canada and the sending countries. With particular attention to the impact on development and labour market distortion, she discusses the growing trend toward “two-step” migration, and reflects on the jurisdictional “fútbol” that characterizes this program. Un changement de paradigme est bel et bien engagé du côté de la politique d’immigration canadienne. C’est ainsi que l’immigration temporaire rivalise désormais avec l’immigration permanente et que le passage du statut temporaire à permanent est devenu la « nouvelle norme », affirme Jenna Hennebry, qui analyse l’évolution du Programme des travailleurs étrangers et se demande s’il repose véritablement sur une politique « gagnant-gagnant » qui profite à la fois au Canada et aux pays d’origine. L’auteure décortique cette tendance vers une immigration « en deux étapes », en prêtant une attention particulière à son impact sur le développement et le marché du travail, tout en examinant le « football » juridictionnel qui caractérise ce programme. A1 - Hennebry, Jenna Y1 - 2010/07/02/ UR - http://www.irpp.org/po/archive/jul10/hennebry.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-02 JA - Policy Options VL - 63 SP - 62 M2 - 62 SP - 62-67 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrating Justice N2 - MONTREAL—As the G8 and G20 meet in Huntsville and Toronto from June 25 to 27, resistance movements in the making since 2009 will take to the streets. A major focus of the community organizing and protests is migrant justice. On June 25, a “Free the Streets” demonstration will highlight the differences between politicians and dissenters on the themes of migrant justice, women’s and queer rights, and economic justice. A1 - Maynard, Robyn Y1 - 2010/06/21/ UR - http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/3348 Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - The Dominion ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, Gulnara Shahinian CY - Geneva PB - UN Human Rights Council N2 - Following a brief overview of activities, the Special Rapporteur focuses on the manifestations and causes of domestic servitude and issues recommendations on how to end this global human rights concern. A1 - Shahinian, Gulnara Y1 - 2010/06/18/ UR - http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/slavery/rapporteur/docs/A.HRC.15.20_FR.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-24 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers in Canada afraid N2 - EDMONTON - News of charges against a company accused of mistreating temporary foreign workers brings a sense of grim satisfaction to Lyla Gray. A1 - Hanon, Andrew Y1 - 2010/06/10/ UR - http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2010/06/04/14257086.html Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - CNews ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Temp Foreign Workers take the fall again for farmers and government N1 - As nine workers arrested, Harper government and farm industry “are both complicit in a system ‎designed to exploit foreign workers and dispose of them,” says national leader of UFCW Canada TORONTO - The Ontario arrest and detainment of nine temporary foreign workers "is the latest ‎example that both the Harper government and the farm industry are both complicit in a system ‎designed to exploit foreign workers and dispose of them," says Wayne Hanley, the National ‎President of UFCW Canada.‎ The workers are Thai nationals who were brought to Canada under the federal government’s ‎Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW) program. They were arrested near the Sarnia agriculture ‎operation where they were employed.‎ TFWs are typically granted a two-year work permit, but an underground system of job brokers ‎tied into the farm industry directs these workers to continue to work "under the table" after ‎their visas expire. The nine TFWs arrested near Sarnia are being held in a Toronto detention ‎centre. The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) confirmed they were arrested "for ‎suspected violations of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act."‎ ‎"What’s really being violated here is the human rights of these workers," says Hanley. "The ‎federal government encourages farmers to import TFWs, specifically because these workers are ‎granted next to no status and are under the radar when it comes to workplace protections."‎ ‎"By deliberately shortchanging these workers of permanent status, what you have is a TFW ‎program that encourages human trafficking," says Hanley. "What confirms it is that while ‎dozens of workers have been arrested over the past year, not one agriculture operation or job ‎broker has yet to be convicted of breaking the rules when it comes to hiring these workers and ‎paying them under the table."‎ ‎"The recent arrests have nothing to do with justice, and everything to do with politics," says ‎Hanley. "These are terror tactics to keep all TFWs afraid and vulnerable. And as soon as the ‎latest victims are shipped out, the federal government’s TFW program brings in a new batch of ‎workers to be exploited."‎ UFCW Canada is the country’s largest private-sector union. In association with the Agriculture ‎Workers Alliance, it operates ten agriculture worker support centers across Canada.‎ PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - As nine workers arrested, Harper government and farm industry “are both complicit in a system ‎designed to exploit foreign workers and dispose of them,” says national leader of UFCW Canada A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2010/e-news-vol3-issue-9/ Y2 - 2011-06-02 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NO RIGHTS, NO RULES: MIGRANT WORKERS IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD & “I AM A FATHER TOO!” EVENT PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - NO RIGHTS, NO RULES: MIGRANT WORKERS IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD: UFCW Canada and community allies will be hosting an International Migrant Worker Forum on June 20, 2010 in response to the G8/G20 Summit to be held in and around Toronto, Canada. I AM A FATHER TOO!” to FORM THE LARGEST MIGRANT WORKER HUMAN BILLBOARD IN CANADIAN HISTORY: This event shall highlight the devastating effects of family separation and human displacement that has resulted from the migrant and guest worker programs, such as the Canadian Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP), in G8 countries. A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2010/e-news-vol3-issue-15/ Y2 - 2011-06-02 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Public campaign denounces Canadian migrant worker program managed by IOM PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - Canada’s largest private-sector union, the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW Canada), has launched – in collaboration with the Agriculture Workers Alliance (AWA) – a major campaign to denounce the systematic abuse and violation of the rights of Guatemalan farm workers who come to Canada through the Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP). A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2010/e-news-vol3-issue-20/ Y2 - 2011-06-02 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Alberta stats confirm frontline evidence of foreign worker exploitation N1 - Alberta stats confirm frontline evidence of foreign worker exploitation: Workplace violation statistics released as UFCW Canada delegation and allies gather for national conference on challenges faced by immigrants and foreign workers. The violation of the workplace rights of many Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW) in Alberta “reinforces what we’ve reported for years now,” says Wayne Hanley, the National President of UFCW Canada. “Except for locations where those workers have a union, TFWs in Alberta and across Canada are regular targets for exploitation and workplace abuse.” UFCW Canada is Canada’s largest private sector union, and represents thousands of TFWs under collective agreements. These agreements protect these TFWs against workplace violations, require health and safety information in the workers’ language, and provide a legal pathway for these workers to permanent Canadian residency. “So the story for UFCW Canada members who are Temporary Foreign Workers is positive. But outside the union, TFWs are treated by thousands of employers like disposable commodities, with no respect for their safety or other workplace rights. The latest stats from Alberta back that up.” The UFCW Canada president’s remarks come in the wake of newly released Alberta Ministry of Labour inspection statistics that show that of the 407 Alberta TFW workplaces inspected this year, 74% of those employers had violated the Employment Standards Act regarding pay rates and record keeping. The data was released by the Alberta NDP, which obtained the records under a Freedom of Information application. “We agree with the Alberta NDP and the Alberta Federation of Labour that the federal government’s TFW program needs to be revised to fully respect the human and labour rights of these vulnerable workers. That should also include the right to build a permanent life in Canada for these workers and their families. And that goes across this country — not just Alberta,” said Hanley. “Unless you’re unionized, the treatment of Temporary Foreign Workers continues to be a national disgrace,” says Naveen Mehta, Director of Human Rights, Equity and Diversity, UFCW Canada. Mehta is also one of a 25 UFCW Canada delegates from across the country who are attending the 12th Annual Metropolis Conference on Immigration and Diversity being held in Montreal. UFCW Canada is presenting and participating as one of the country’s leading advocates, in the community and on the front lines, for migrant workers in Canada. “The federal government has to stop turning a blind eye to what happens to these workers once they get to Canada,” says Mehta. “Canada was built on generations of immigrants. That is a proud legacy that is being cast aside by federal migrant worker programs that treat these workers like inputs and not people. We are here with our allies to change that.” PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - Alberta stats confirm frontline evidence of foreign worker exploitation: Workplace violation statistics released as UFCW Canada delegation and allies gather for national conference on challenges faced by immigrants and foreign workers. A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2010/1-e-news-vol3-issue-7/ Y2 - 2011-05-30 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Leap in temporary foreign workers will hurt Canada long-term, critics say N2 - Temporary migrants now outnumber permanent immigrants – and lack of ties to this country could cause social unrest. A1 - Friesen, Joe Y1 - 2010/05/13/ UR - http://oppenheimer.mcgill.ca/Leap-in-temporary-foreign-workers Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advancing the Rights of Non-Citizens in Canada: A Human Rights Approach to Migrant Rights IS - 2 PB - The Johns Hopkins University Press N2 - Focusing on seasonal agricultural migrant workers in Canada, this article illustrates how local migrant rights activists have utilized different judicial fora to claim rights for non-citizen migrant workers under the international human rights framework. The article underscores the role of litigation by activists who, citing international norms and conventions, claim that protections provided by domestic constitutional provisions and labor laws should be extended to non-citizen migrants. The importance of judges’ willingness to recognize the international law framework is also underscored. This article contributes to human rights studies by emphasizing the transformative role of judicial agency in the fight for the extension of human rights protections. A1 - Basok, Tanya A1 - Carasco, Emily Y1 - 2010/05/01/ UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v032/32.2.basok.html Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - Human Rights Quarterly VL - 32 SP - 342 M2 - 342 SP - 342-366 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - May Day marchers focus on migrant workers N2 - For many who gathered around St. Clair Ave. and Bathurst St. under the umbrella of the May First Movement Coalition, May Day was about the barriers that migrant workers face when they arrive in Canada. A1 - Cherry , Tamara Y1 - 2010/05/01/ UR - http://www.torontosun.com/news/torontoandgta/2010/05/01/13793266.html Y2 - 2011-06-09 JA - Toronto Sun ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Social Protection for Migrant Domestic Workers in Cambodia: A Case Study PB - The Global Network Solidar N2 - The goal of this case study is twofold. First, this research aims to provide an understanding of the many difficulties migrant workers face. Second, this report seeks to examine the path to overcoming the previously stated challenges. The first chapter explores social protections in Cambodia. After a broad examination of social protections in Cambodia the focus is narrowed to those social protections affecting migrant workers. The subsequent chapter looks at the story of a woman named Vann Sinoun who was a Cambodian migrant worker. Vann Sinoun’s story illustrates in a very human way the hardships migrant workers face. The final chapter looks at the different advocacy strategies undertaken on behalf of migrant workers. The study concludes with a brief discussion of the steps that need to be undertaken to ensure social protections for Cambodians. Y1 - 2010/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - Cambodia UR - http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/8797/7980 Y2 - 2013-05-01 ER - TY - GEN T1 - L'amélioration des conditions de travail et de vie des travailleuses et travailleurs migrants : une question de dignité! PB - FDNS A1 - Front de défense des non-syndiqués (FDNS),  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.aubasdelechelle.ca/assets/files/nos%20actions/FDNS/migrants/FDNS%20travail%20migrant%20final.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Le Canada, pays d'accueil d'immigrants: la fin d'une époque? IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes N2 - Cet article examine, dans l’optique canadienne, l’importance accrue qui est accordée aux programmes de recrutement de migrants temporaires depuis plus de dix ans, de même que les principales mesures visant l’insertion des minorités culturelles. A1 - Helly, Denise Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-04-05 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 55 M2 - 55 SP - 55-59 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Thèmes Canadiens: Travailleurs étrangers temporaires - Canadian Issues N2 - The movement into Canada of the foreign-born has been a defining feature of our history. The vast majority of the people involved in this movement have been individuals admitted into Canada with permission to reside here permanently. However, the movement of temporary foreign workers intoCanada has existed throughout Canada’s history to varying degrees and has grown in importance over thepast ten years. Support for immigration has remained high among the Canadian population even when faced with a labour market that has seen a decline across birth cohorts in the earnings of the Canadianborn (Beaudry and Green 2000) and an even larger decline in the earnings of immigrants across recent arrival cohorts (Green andWorswick 2004).Within this broader context of weak labour markets and weak immigrant labour market performance,it is important to evaluate the goals and effectiveness of temporary foreign worker programs (TFWPs) in Canada as well as to gain an understanding of the interactions between the TFWPs and the broader immigration programs. The articles contained in this issue make a number of important contributions to our understanding in this area and raise important questions that need to be considered as public policy towards temporary foreign workers evolve. L’arrivée au Canada de personnes nées à l’étranger est une caractéristique déterminante de notre histoire. La grande majorité des personnes ayant fait partie de ce mouvement ont été admises au pays avec l’autorisation d’y résider de façon permanente. Cela dit, la tendance à accueillir au pays des travailleurs étrangers temporaires a toujours existé, à divers degrés, mais a pris de l’importance au cours des dix dernières années. La population canadienne continue d’appuyer les programmes d’immigration, en dépit du fléchissement des gains sur le marché du travail des Canadiens nés au pays, et ce, pour l’ensemble des cohortes de naissance (Beaudry et Green, 2000), ainsi que du repli encore plus important des gains des immigrants en la matière pour l’ensemble des cohortes de nouveaux arrivants (Green et Worswick, 2004). Dans ce contexte de faiblesse du marché du travail et de piètre rendement des immigrants sur ce marché, il est important d’évaluer les objectifs et l’efficacité des Programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET) au Canada et d’analyser les interactions entre les PTET et les programmes d’immigration plus généraux. Les articles qui figurent dans le présent numéro contribuent grandement à notre compréhension de ce secteur et soulèvent d’importantes questions, dont il faut tenir compte au fil de l’évolution de la politique officielle concernant les travailleurs étrangers temporaire. A1 - Metropolis,  Y1 - 2010/04/01/ UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - Metropolis ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Alberta NDP releases government records that show foreign workers bilked of pay N2 - Alberta New Democrats say a growing number of temporary foreign workers in the province are being ripped off by their employers. A1 - Cotter, John Y1 - 2010/03/17/ JA - News1130 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - NDP demands better treatment of temporary foreign workers N2 - The Alberta NDP is demanding the creation of a policy it's dubbing "good enough to work here, good enough to live here" as it released some disturbing documents related to the treatment of foreign workers in this province. A1 - Tupper, Laura Y1 - 2010/03/17/ UR - http://edmonton.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100317/edm_foreign_100317/20100317/?hub=EdmontonHome Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - CTV News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Proposals could limit migrant workers’ stay in Canada N2 - They arrive on the promise of good jobs, fair wages and an opportunity to support their families back home. But thousands of migrant labourers — those who land in British Columbia to pick fruit, in Ontario to work in factories and farms, or in Nova Scotia to cut Christmas trees — are anxiously waiting the outcome of a debate in Ottawa that could dramatically impact their ability to work here. A1 - Nguyen, Linda A1 - Nguyen, Linda Y1 - 2010/03/06/ UR - http://nicknoorani.com/proposals-could-limit-migrant-workers%E2%80%99-stay-in-canada/ Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - The Gazette (Montreal) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Missing from Temporary foreign Worker Programs: Gender-Sensitive Approaches IS - Spring CY - Ottawa PB - Metropolis Canada A1 - Gibb, Heather Y1 - 2010/03/01/ UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-22 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 94 M2 - 94 SP - 94-95 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Migrant Workers and the Death Penalty in Bahrain & Saudi Arabia A1 - Rajab, Nabeel Y1 - 2010/02/24/ KW - Migrants KW - Bahrain KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Exploitation KW - Abuse KW - Death Penalty KW - migrants UR - http://www.caramasia.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=857&Itemid=1 Y2 - 2012-10-29 JA - CARAM ASIA ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Bridge to Immigration or Cheap Temporary Labor? The H-1B & L-1 Visa Programs Are a Source of Both IS - 257 CY - Washington D.C. PB - Economic Policy Institute A1 - Hira, Ron Y1 - 2010/02/17/ UR - http://www.epi.org/publication/bp257/ Y2 - 2012-06-13 T3 - EPI Briefing Paper ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model for Managed Migration? Re-Examining Best Practices in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program CY - Malden, MA PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd N2 - This paper situates Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) within the policy and scholarly debates on ‘‘best practices’’ for the management of temporary migration, and examines what makes this programme successful from the perspective of states and employers. Drawing on extensive qualitative and quantitative study of temporary migration in Canada, this article critically examines this seminal temporary migration programme as a ‘‘best practice model’’ from internationally recognized rights-based approaches to labour migration, and provides some additional best practices for the management of temporary labour migration programmes. This paper examines how the reality of the Canadian SAWP measures up, when the model is evaluated according to internationally recognized best practices and migrant rights regimes. Despite all of the attention to building ‘‘best practices’’ for the management of temporary or managed migration, it appears that Canada has taken steps further away from these and other international frameworks. The analysis reveals that while the Canadian programme involves a number of successful practices, such as the cooperation between origin and destination countries, transparency in the admissions criteria for selection, and access to health care for temporary migrants; the programme does not adhere to the majority of best practices emerging in international forums, such as the recognition of migrants’ qualifications, providing opportunities for skills transfer, avoiding imposing forced savings schemes, and providing paths to permanent residency. This paper argues that as Canada takes significant steps toward the expansion of temporary migration, Canada’s model programme still falls considerably short of being an inspirational model, and instead provides us with little more than an idealized myth. A1 - Hennebry, Jenna A1 - Preibish, Kerry Y1 - 2010/02/08/ UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00598.x/full Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - International Migration ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Victoire juridique pour les domestiques / Radio-Canada N2 - Pour la première fois de son histoire, la Cour du Québec a imposé une peine punitive exemplaire à un employeur qui a traité injustement sa domestique. A1 - Radio-Canada.ca,  Y1 - 2010/01/31/ UR - http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/societe/2010/01/31/001-cour-travailleuses-domestiques.shtml Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - Radio-Canada ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Live-in Caregiver Program: REGULATIONS AMENDING THE IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE PROTECTION REGULATIONS N2 - PROPOSED REGULATORY TEXT AMENDING THE IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE PROTECTION REGULATIONS 1. Section 30 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (see footnote 1) is amended by adding the following after subsection (2): Exception (2.1) A foreign national who has applied for permanent resident status and is a member of the live-in caregiver class is not required to submit to a medical examination under subsection (1). 2. (1) The portion of paragraph 113(1)(d) of the Regulations before subparagraph (i) is replaced by the following: (d) they entered Canada as a live-in caregiver and for at least two of the four years immediately following their entry or, alternatively, for at least 3,900 hours during a period of not less than 22 months in those four years, (2) Subsection 113(2) of the Regulations is replaced by the following: Calculation (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(d), (a) the periods of two years and 3,900 hours may be in respect of more than one employer or household, but may not be in respect of more than one employer or household at a time; and (b) the 3,900 hours are not to include more than 390 hours of overtime. http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/media/releases/2009/2009-12-12.asp A1 - Citizenship and immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2010/01/23/ UR - http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2009/2009-12-19/html/reg3-eng.html Y2 - 2010-01-23 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Rights on the Line Human Rights Watch Work on Abuses against Migrants in 2010 IS - isbn: 1-56432-726-4 CY - United States of America PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - This roundup of Human Rights Watch reporting on violations of migrants’ rights in 2010 includes coverage of Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States. Many countries rely on migrant workers to fill labor shortages in low-paying, dangerous, and poorly regulated jobs. Human Rights Watch documented labor exploitation and barriers to redress for migrants in agriculture, domestic work, and construction in Indonesia, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States. Immigration sponsorship systems in many countries give employers immense control over workers and lead to migrants being trapped in abusive situations or unable to pursue redress through the justice system. Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/12/12/rights-line-0 Y2 - 2013-01-17 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - L'applicabilité de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne aux travailleurs migrants N1 - Marie Carpentier CY - Montréal PB - Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse A1 - Carpentier, Marie Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.cdpdj.qc.ca/fr/publications/docs/travailleurs_migrants_avis.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary labour migration: Exploitation, tool of development, or both? IS - 4 A1 - Straehle, Christine A1 - Lenard, Patti Tamara Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S144940351000038X Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Policy and Society VL - 29 SP - 283 M2 - 283 SP - 283-294 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Temporary foreign workers: a guide for employers N1 - col. ill. ; 22 cm. CY - [Edmonton] PB - Alberta Employment and Immigration N2 - We want workers to experience Alberta workplaces that are healthy, safe and fair. As an employer of temporary foreign workers, you must be aware that they have the same rights as any other worker and are protected under Alberta’s employment standards, workplace health and safety, and workers’ compensation legislation. This information will assist you in understanding your requirements as an employer as well as provide additional resources and contact information. A1 - Provincial Government of Alberta,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://employment.alberta.ca/documents/WIA/WIA-IM-tfw-employer.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Employer's roadmap to hiring and retaining internationally trained workers N1 - [electronic resource]. CY - [Ottawa] PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada N2 - The Canadian-born work force is aging, baby boomers are retiring and the number of young workers entering the work force is declining. Many employers across the country are already experiencing skilled labour shortages. Statistics Canada research indicates that before the middle of the next decade, almost all labour force growth will come from immigration. Many employers do not know that there are ITWs ready and willing to work in Canada. These are people who were educated and trained in other countries and whose work experience was gained outside of Canada. A1 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/cic/employers_roadmap_2010-ef/Ci4-16-2010-eng.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Layers of Vulnerability in Occupation Health and Safety for Migrant Workers: Case Studies from Canada and the United Kingdom IS - 2 A1 - Sargeant, Malcolm Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1415371 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Policy and Practice in Occupational Health and Safety VL - 7 SP - 51 M2 - 51 SP - 51-73 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Canadian unions observe International Migrants Day - Migrant workers’ rights are human rights N2 - Canadian unions are observing International Migrants Day on Friday, December 18, and are calling on governments to adopt and ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. A1 - Canadian Labour Congress,  Y1 - 2009/12/16/ T3 - Canadia Labour Concress Press Release ER - TY - NEWS T1 - New Caregiver Residency Rules Panned N2 - Filipino community advocates say changes don’t go far enough to stop abuse. A1 - Wood, Graeme Y1 - 2009/12/14/ JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - New federal rules to protect foreign live-in caregivers N2 - The federal government announced Saturday a set of proposed regulations it says will better protect the rights of live-in caregivers and make it easier for them and their families to obtain permanent residency in Canada. A1 - Wood, Graeme Y1 - 2009/12/12/ JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Community and labour groups decry Canada’s ‎immigration system N2 - Immigration Minister Jason Kenney is under fire from community and labour groups who gathered outside his regional office in Toronto Wednesday to protest his proposed changes to the Temporary Foreign Worker program and what they called the failures of the immigration system. A1 - Bonnar, John A1 - Bonnar, John Y1 - 2009/12/04/ UR - http://rabble.ca/blogs/bloggers/johnbon/2009/12/community-and-labour-groups-decry-canada%E2%80%99s-immigration-system Y2 - 2011-06-13 JA - Rabble ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Nanny wins landmark suit after Star investigation N2 - A foreign caregiver brought to Canada with a job offer from a "ghost employer" has been awarded $10,000 in damages in what is believed to be the first court victory against a nanny recruiter. A1 - Brazao, Dale A1 - Brazao, Dale Y1 - 2009/11/25/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/investigation/article/730445--nanny-wins-landmark-suit-after-star-investigation Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary workers program is a time bomb N2 - The Stephen Harper Conservatives have adopted one of the worst policies of authoritarian oil-rich Arab states: an exploitative system of indentured labour, a.k.a. the temporary workers program. A1 - Siddiqui, Haroon A1 - Siddiqui, Haroon Y1 - 2009/11/05/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/721308 Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Public discussion on guest workers N2 - Canada prides itself on being a nation of immigrants, but it is fast becoming a clearing house for temporary workers. The traditional Canadian narrative – of people landing here to build a country and lay the foundations for citizenship – is going underground. Now, we are recruiting an army of 200,000 guest workers every year – almost as many as regular immigrants. A1 - Toronto Star,  Y1 - 2009/11/05/ JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 'Guest worker' abuses blasted N2 - Lack of oversight by the federal government has allowed foreign workers to be abused by their employers, Auditor General Sheila Fraser says in a scathing report on Canada's immigration program. A1 - Whittington, Les Y1 - 2009/11/04/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/investigations/article/720829---guest-worker-abuses-blasted Y2 - 2011-06-14 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Pakistan PB - UNPD N2 - Migration is considered the road to prosperity by many Pakistanis. According to the Pakistan Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment, 4.2 million Pakistani workers have registered for overseas employment since 1971, travelling to more than 50 countries. There are a lot of migrants workers abroad who are undocumented. Many receiving countries have passed stringent laws and deport large numbers of undocumented Pakistanis each day for illegal border crossing and over staying visas. In addition, documented migrants who test positive for HIV in the semi-annual HIV testing conducted in many destination countries are deported, often without any information on the reason for this action. Pakistan is a source, transit, and destination countries for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation. Remittance sent by Pakistanis working abroad constitute the country’s largest single source of foreign exchange earnings, and are a major source of income to bridge huge trade deficits. For example, total migrant workers remittance was US$3.87 billion for the year 2003-2004,equivalent to 4.46 percent of Gross National Product (GNP). Migrant workers are among the groups considered vulnerable to HIV, as specified in the National HIV and AIDs strategic Framework (2001-2006). This article is also about pre-departure orientation, international convention that Pakistan has ratified and has not ratified, regional and bilateral Agreements, national policies and legislation and government agencies and networks. Y1 - 2009/// KW - national polices KW - migration KW - Pakistan KW - remittance KW - HIV KW - International Convention KW - regional and bilateral agreement KW - legislation KW - government agencies and networks UR - http://asia-pacific.undp.org/practices/hivaids/documents/HIV_and_Mobility_in_South_Asia_web_Pakistan.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-03 JA - UNDP ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Sri Lanka PB - UNDP N2 - The article is about the migration pattern, occupational profile of migrants, gender and migration, human trafficking, remittance, HIV/AIDs situation, national response to HIV/AIDs, mandatory testing of the HIV in the destination countries, pre-departure orientation, polices, legislation, and International Conventions, regional and bilateral Agreements, government agencies and networks. Y1 - 2009/// KW - International Convention KW - HIV/AIDs KW - national laws KW - regional and bilateral Agreements UR - http://www.aidsdatahub.org/dmdocuments/HIV_and_Migration_-_Sri_Lanka.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-03 JA - UNPD ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Recruitment of Pakistani Workers for Overseas Mechanisms, Exploitation and Vulnerabilities CY - Switzerland PB - International Labor Organization N2 - Pakistan has annual migratory out-flow of more than 150,000 workers to different countries in the Middle East, but primarily to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. More than 60% of migrant workers originate from only 20 of the country’s 110 districts. The majorities of migrants obtain their foreign employment contract either through private Overseas Employment Promotes (OEPs) or obtain a direct visa. Moreover, labor migration from Pakistan to the Middle East is almost exclusively male. The inflow of remittances, reaching a peak of US$ 4.6 billion in 2005-2006 and US$4.45 billion in 2006-2007. The government of Pakistan has developed various institutions and rules to govern and regulate the labor recruitment process. Legally Pakistanis can go abroad through three channels: a public agency, private recruiting agent or following direct contract with foreign employers. The study found that about half of the migrants has been recruited by OEPs, while one-fifth had used friends and relatives. Another one-fifth of the respondents had received their visas directly from their foreign employers. About 14% of the respondents had been illegal migrants, including those who stayed on after the Haj/Umra pilgrimage, or who had gone abroad without documentation. Although the Government of Pakistan has taken several steps to make the recruitment system and migration process transparent, there is strong evidence that regulatory measure have not been able to curb all exploitative practices, including organized forms of illegal migration. A set of recommendations is provided on priority areas for further policy and institutional support. A1 - Arif , G.M Y1 - 2009/// KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Workers Rights KW - Labor migration KW - Pakistan KW - recruitment KW - private employment agency KW - remittance KW - return migration KW - Gulf States UR - http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcm_041928.pdf Y2 - 2012-10-29 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - More to foreign workers story - Re:Questions remain on foreign workers N2 - The Star failed to give the full story on the new changes heralded by the federal government to "protect" workers coming into Canada under the temporary foreign worker program. Instead of exposing the draconian new measures that only entrench a more vulnerable and disposable workforce in Canada, the Star chose to congratulate the federal government. A1 - Ocampo, Martha Y1 - 2009/10/23/ JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ottawa slammed for allowing 'disposable' temp workforce N2 - The proposed changes to Canada's temporary foreign workers program reinforce a "disposable" workforce and further penalize workers already vulnerable to abuse, advocacy groups and labour unions warn. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2009/10/19/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/712227--ottawa-slammed-for-allowing-disposable-temp-workforce Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Questions remain on foreign workers N2 - The crackdowns keep coming. Last spring, Immigration Minister Jason Kenney tightened up Ottawa's temporary foreign worker program by requiring employers to advertise job openings in Canada before recruiting abroad. A1 - Toronto Star,  Y1 - 2009/10/16/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/710992--questions-remain-on-foreign-workers Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Bad-employer blacklist to protect nannies N2 - Employers who abuse foreign workers will be blacklisted and denied permission to hire another foreigner for two years, according to tough new regulations proposed by the Harper government. A1 - Brazao, Dale Y1 - 2009/10/15/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/investigations/nannies/article/710538--bad-boss-blacklist-to-protect-nannies Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ottawa targets abusive employers N2 - A federal proposal to punish employers who do not live up to commitments to temporary workers they hire from outside of Canada is not tough enough, say critics of the temporary foreign worker program. A1 - Greenaway, Norma Y1 - 2009/10/14/ UR - http://www2.canada.com/windsorstar/news/business/story.html?id=64215a51-9c3e-42cb-9d27-bf2ef6371189 Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - The Windsor Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers rally for rights N2 - Several dozen people rallied in Edmonton pm Saturday to raise awareness about the struggles faced by temporary foreign workers. A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2009/10/11/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/story/2009/10/11/edmonton-foreign-workers-rally.html Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Federal government moves to protect foreign workers, limit their stay. N2 - The federal government has introduced proposed regulatory changes to prevent temporary foreign workers from abuse. A1 - Canadian Press,  Y1 - 2009/10/09/ UR - http://www.december18.net/article/canada-federal-government-moves-protect-foreign-workers-limit-their-stay Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - Canadian Press ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign-worker mistreatment triggers probe N2 - Manitoba's Department of Labour has opened an investigation into the case of four Filipino workers who say they faced intimidation and broken promises after being recruited to work in Canada. A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2009/10/07/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/story/2009/10/07/071009-labour-mistreatment-investigation.html Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - UN calls for better deal for migrant workers N2 - The global recession presents an opportunity to come up with a new deal for the world's migrant workers, a UN report suggested Monday. A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2009/10/05/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/story/2009/10/05/un-migrant-workers.html Y2 - 2011-06-14 JA - CBC News ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Agreement for Canada-Alberta Cooperation on Immigration - Annex B: Temporary Foreign Workers A2 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada A1 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada,  A1 - Provincial Government of Alberta,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/laws-policy/agreements/alberta/can-alberta-annex_B-2008.asp Y2 - 2011-09-30 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Accord de collaboration Canada-Alberta en matière d’immigration Annexe B : Travailleurs étrangers temporaires A2 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada PB - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  A1 - Gouvernement provincial de l'Alberta,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/ministere/lois-politiques/ententes/alberta/can-alberta-annexe_B-2008.asp Y2 - 2011-09-25 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Critics upset with new caregiver bill N2 - Immigrant women's advocates are concerned that proposed federal legislation aimed at protecting foreign caregivers in Canada will just create more problems. A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2009/09/22/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2009/09/22/caregiver-bill.html Y2 - 2011-07-04 JA - CBC News ER - TY - THES T1 - The Temporary Foreign Worker Program: Canada’s Unconscionable Labour Mobility Strategy CY - Montreal PB - McGill University N2 - Advocating for the labour rights of all workers, including the many who quickly discover their own class susceptibilities as they toil in precarious employment situations, brings with it many unique and interesting challenges; however, when the element of one’s immigration status is introduced into the context, an entirely different saga emerges. The demographic of precarious status migrant workers in Canada is composed of individuals with a plethora of subjective migratory experiences, having arrived amidst different contexts, each equipped with a unique legal status, and therefore resulting in different (often restricted) opportunities for social and economic participation in Canadian life. In focussing nevertheless on just one subset of this demographic – migrants arriving under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) – it is an analysis of their disconcerting commonalities, namely: non-permanent status, the consequent grave vulnerability to social and labour abuses, over-representation in “low-skilled” remedial labour circumstances, and the significant barriers they face towards attaining permanent residency, which has urgently demanded the current review. My Independent Study Project (SWRK690) focuses on the existing immigration programs available to “temporary foreign workers” arriving to Canada, namely how these potentially exploitative programs have interfered with: the exercise of reclaiming one’s labour and/or human rights, the access to health and social services for participants’, and the resulting implications that ensue for clinical and community social workers, policy stakeholders, and researchers. I will address the program’s current foundation, while providing an expanded clarification of the legislation itself and a summary of the most likely vulnerabilities awaiting its workforce, by tracing the pulse of the argument from community groups and individuals opposed to the program. As the TFWP evidently gains in popularity, the outlook for the program’s longer-term sustainability will be juxtaposed against the (lack of) opportunities available to workers wishing to transition from temporary to permanent resident status. The present exposé will serve to summarize the predominant objections to the TFWP, with a commitment not to dismiss the firsthand practical experiences felt by workers’1, as past reports of this nature have risked doing. A1 - Rivard, Andre Y1 - 2009/// VL - M.SW. T2 - Social Work SP - 50 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Counter-hegemonic Human Rights Discourses and Migrant Rights Activism in the US and Canada IS - 2 CY - Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC PB - SAGE Publications N2 - Scholarship on the dissemination of human rights norms and principles has focused predominantly on the socialization of nation-states into the values which have been widely endorsed. I argue in this article that the socialization mechanisms, discussed by such scholars as Meyer et al. (1997) and Risse and Sikkink (1999), do not capture the complex processes of the negotiation of more controversial rights. Distinguishing between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic human rights principles, I suggest that we need to explore the ways in which human rights activists advance, interpret, and negotiate counterhegemonic human rights. Focusing on migrants’ rights advocacy in the US and Canada, I argue that pro-migrant activists draw on other human rights principles that do enjoy a greater degree of recognition and/or on instrumental reasons to pressure nation-states to grant more rights to migrants. A1 - Basok, Tanya Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://cos.sagepub.com/content/50/2/183.abstract?rss=1 Y2 - 2011-08-19 JA - Internatinal Journal of Comparative Sociology VL - 50 SP - 183 M2 - 183 SP - 183-205 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Travailleurs (im)migrants admis au Québec sous statut temporaire pour emploi "peu spécialisé": restrictions de droits et libertés, abus et solutions de rechange politiques à considérer CY - Montréal PB - Fides A1 - Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://www.fides.qc.ca/livre.php?id=385 Y2 - 2011-08-17 T2 - Pour une véritable intégration: Droit au travail sans discrimination SP - 58-70 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Getting our immigration system back in balance N2 - Two years from now, Canada will reach a historic turning point. There won't be enough new workers joining the labour force to replace those who are retiring. Employers will have to hire immigrants to succeed. A1 - Goar, Carol Y1 - 2009/08/07/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/677475 Y2 - 2011-07-04 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Time to rethink guest worker program N2 - When Canada decided to allow employers facing acute labour shortages to hire temporary foreign workers, seven years ago, no one foresaw where it would lead. A1 - Goar, Carol Y1 - 2009/08/05/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/676158 Y2 - 2011-07-04 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Matching Canadians to jobs N2 - Unemployment has risen fast this year, but employers still bring in temporary foreign workers at a near-record pace. It is a sign that Canada isn't doing a good job of getting domestic job seekers to where a job is waiting. The country needs more nimble systems for matching job seekers to job openings elsewhere, and some incentives to ease the move. A1 - Globe and Mail,  Y1 - 2009/08/03/ UR - http://m.theglobeandmail.com/news/opinions/editorials/matching-canadians-to-jobs/article1239777/?service=mobile Y2 - 2011-06-14 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Skilled immigrants squeezed out for temporary workers N2 - Canada is still bringing in temporary foreign workers at a near-record pace despite the recession, but a new study argues our immigration policy's increasing focus on filling jobs will hamper the economy over time by squeezing out qualified permanent immigrants. A1 - Campbell, Clark Y1 - 2009/07/22/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/skilled-immigrants-squeezed-out-for-temporary-workers/article562009/ Y2 - 2011-07-04 JA - Globe and Mail ER - TY - NEWS T1 - System fails immigrants and nation N2 - Immigration to Canada is fundamental to the nation's social and economic well-being. Immigration can fill jobs, promote trade and innovation, generate investment and grow our population. A1 - Alboim, Naomi Y1 - 2009/07/22/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/669728 Y2 - 2011-07-04 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary worker programs: North America’s second class citizen IS - Spring A1 - Goldring, Luin A1 - Hennebry, Jenna A1 - Preibish, Kerry Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://www.robarts.yorku.ca/projects/canada-watch/obama/obama_TOC.html Y2 - 2011-07-22 JA - Canada Watch ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Submission to the Ministry of Labour. Consultation on Foreign and Resident Employment Recruitment in Ontario A1 - Caregivers' Action Center,  A1 - Workers' Action Center,  A1 - Parkdale Community Legal Services,  Y1 - 2009/07/15/ UR - http://cleonet.ca/news_files/1248285487WACPCLSCACSubmission.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-29 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario seeks input on nanny law N2 - The province is beginning public consultations on a new law promising to protect foreign caregivers from the kind of exploitation documented in a Star investigation earlier this year A1 - Cribb, Robert Y1 - 2009/07/13/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/comment/columnists/article/665036 Y2 - 2011-06-14 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canadian support for immigrants slipping: poll N2 - Results show little sympathy for undocumented workers. A1 - Thompson , Elizabeth Y1 - 2009/06/26/ UR - http://www.edmontonsun.com/news/canada/2009/06/26/9940041-sun.html Y2 - 2011-06-18 JA - Edmonton Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Bill to protect foreign workers revived N2 - The government is reintroducing legislation it says will help protect foreign workers from exploitation and abuse. A1 - Canadian Press,  Y1 - 2009/06/17/ JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Community groups fight for better living, working conditions for temporary foreign workers and live-in caregivers N2 - Eleven o’clock Tuesday morning at the Workers’ Action Centre. Media and supporters are jam-packed into a room to listen to representatives of the newly formed Caregivers Action Centre, comprised of former and current caregivers working for change in Temporary Foreign Worker programs including the Live-In Caregiver Program and the Seasonal Agricultural Worker A1 - Bonnar, John Y1 - 2009/06/11/ UR - http://rabble.ca/blogs/bloggers/johnbon/2009/06/community-groups-fight-better-living-working-conditions-temporary-for Y2 - 2011-06-16 JA - Rabble ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Temporary Foreign Worker Program in Canada: Low-skilled Workers as an Extreme Form of Flexible Labour IS - 1 A1 - Fudge, Judy A1 - MacPhail, Fiona Y1 - 2009/// JA - Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal VL - 31 SP - 101 M2 - 101 SP - 101-141 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance Bits and Bites! 2(20) PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - - Major AWA / UFCW Canada victory in British Columbia - AWA/UFCW Canada at Community Rally in support of Justice for Live-in Caregivers and Temporary Foreign Workers! - “Salt of the Earth” exhibition arrives at the AWA Simcoe Centre A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2009/e-news-vol2-issue-20/ Y2 - 2011-06-06 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Recession bad here, but worse elsewhere N2 - The impact of the global economic downturn has had far-reaching effects on individuals and families here in our community and around the globe A1 - Myrie, Evelyn A1 - Myrie, Evelyn Y1 - 2009/06/04/ UR - http://www.thespec.com/opinion/article/78039--recession-bad-here-but-worse-elsewhere Y2 - 2011-06-17 JA - The Hamilton Spectator ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - La vulnérabilité des travailleurs migrants CY - Montréal PB - La Presse A1 - Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie Y1 - 2009/05/26/ UR - http://www.cyberpresse.ca/debats/opinions/200905/26/01-860034-la-vulnerabilite-des-travailleurs-migrants.php Y2 - 2011-11-29 JA - Cyberpresse ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Statement by Wayne Hanley, UFCW Canada, on Mexican agworkers in Canada PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - “Over the past decade, UFCW Canada has supplied information and services to tens of thousands of seasonal agriculture workers who are fundamental to the Canadian agriculture sector. The majority of those workers come from Mexico under a long-established federal program that has always required health testing of workers before they arrive in Canada. A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2009/04/27/ UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2009/e-news-vol2-issue-15/ Y2 - 2011-06-04 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Migrant workers lose out in NAFTA nations, reports argue N2 - In many respects, the Canada-Mexico program is similar to the old bracero system of contract labor that brought millions of Mexican farmworkers to the United States between 1942-1964. Cases of abuse in the United-States ( nothing to report about Canada in this article): «According to the joint report by the civil rights groups, about four out of ten migrant workers surveyed experienced wage theft, while one-third were injured on the job. Mexican workers die on the job at twice the rate of other workers in the US, noted the NCLR in a press statement». ( paragraph 9) «Additionally, almost 70 percent of the respondents in the study said they suffered racism, and 77 percent of Latinas reported sexual harassment was a significant problem at their job». (paragraph 11) A1 - Frontera NorteSur,  Y1 - 2009/04/22/ JA - Newspaper Tree ER - TY - GEN T1 - Top ten legal issues facing workers in the live-in caregiver program PB - CBA National Citizenship and Immigration Law Section A1 - Okun-Nachoff, Deanna Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://www.cba.org/CBA/newsletters-sections/pdf/03_09-imm-4.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-16 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Réponse du gouvernement du Canada au Rapport du Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration : "les travailleurs temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal" PB - Gouvernement du Canada A1 - Le Gouvernement du Canada,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=4017803&Language=F Y2 - 2014-04-03 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - New protections for foreign workers should not stop at Manitoba border PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - April 1, 2009 - Manitoba’s move to regulate foreign worker recruitment agencies and employers who use them, “is long overdue in every Canadian jurisdiction and other provinces should follow Manitoba’s lead,” said UFCW Canada National President Wayne Hanley. A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2009/04/01/ UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2009/news-vol-1-issue-11/ Y2 - 2011-06-04 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Making Migrants Matter: Non-citizens and Political Membership CY - Manchester, England N2 - The goal of this paper is to explore normative and empirical arguments regarding the claims temporary labour migrants can make on the receiving state, focusing primarily on Western liberal states. The first part of this paper considers whether liberal multicultural policies can accommodate the needs of temporary labour migrants, ultimately concluding that multicultural models are too limited and are unable to recognize the membership of ‘undesirable’ citizens, much less that of non-citizens. Departing from the multicultural model, the second part of this paper explores various normative stances regarding the treatment of temporary labour migrants, ranging from Nandita Sharma's endorsement of open borders to Joseph Carens' 'contextual approach' to temporary migrants' entitlements. The third and final part of this paper concludes by reflecting on policy proposals made by temporary labour migrants themselves, and considers the feasibility of their proposals in light of the migration restrictions imposed by receiving states. A1 - Tungohan, Ethel Y1 - 2009/04/01/ T2 - Political Studies Association Annual Conference ER - TY - PCOMM T1 - Prevention of abuses of temporary foreign workers in Canada : is the Conservation Proposition to Amend the Regulations of the Immigration Act on the Right Track? A2 - CIC, MPs of the opposition parties A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2009/// ER - TY - RPRT T1 - In The Shadow of Citizenship: The Elusive Promise Made to Foreign Domestic Workers CY - Surrey (BC) Canada PB - Kwantleen Polytechnic University N2 - paper presented at the first International Conference on Gender Studies in China held at Fudan University, Shanghai - June 2009 A1 - Horner, Jennifer A1 - Horner, Jennifer Y1 - 2009/03/01/ UR - http://www.kwantlen.bc.ca/__shared/assets/In_the_Shadow_of_Citizenship_-_The_Elusive_Promise_Made_to_Foreign_Domestic_Workers16446.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-14 T3 - Institute for Transborder Studies Working Paper ER - TY - NEWS T1 - L'enfer montréalais de Julia CY - Montréal A1 - Hachey, Isabelle Y1 - 2009/03/01/ KW - Philippines KW - Exploitation KW - domestique UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/national/200903/01/01-832211-lenfer-montrealais-de-julia.php Y2 - 2014-04-04 JA - La Presse SP - 12 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Adjusting the Balance: Fixing Canada’s Economic Immigration Policies PB - Maytree A1 - Alboim, Naomi A1 - Maytree,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://maytree.com/policy-papers/adjusting-the-balance-fixing-canadas-economic-immigration-policies.html Y2 - 2014-02-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The Shift in Canadian Immigration Policy and Unheeded Lessons of the Live-in Caregiver Program CY - Ottawa N2 - This report elaborates the shift in immigration policy which began unfolding in Canada from the 2006 expansion of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, culminating in June 2008, with the amendment of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. It shows how this shift has been modeled on some of the weakest elements of the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP), the longest standing immigration program offering temporary migrant workers the possibility of permanent residency. Presenting figures never calculated before on the LCP – estimated retention rates, or a measure of the success of the Program in retaining temporary migrant workers as permanent residents – the report demonstrates that only 50 per cent of migrant live-in caregivers entering Canada from 2003-2005 became permanent residents by 2007. Calculated yearly for the period, 2003- 2007, the estimated retention rate falls to 28 per cent by 2005. It is thus argued that the shift from permanent residency to temporary migration as a basis for the immigration system will not lead to building citizenship and labour supply in Canada. It is further argued that this is due to the inordinate amount of power granted by government to employers in the migrant worker-employer relationship. Testimonies of temporary migrant caregivers documented from the 1990s are used to illustrate this power imbalance. Judging from the pro-employer reorientation of Canada’s immigration system, federal and provincial governments have not learnt from testimonies presented by feminist advocates over the past 20 years. A1 - Valiani, Salimah Y1 - 2009/02/01/ UR - http://www.ccsl.carleton.ca/~dana/TempPermLCPFINAL.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-26 T3 - Labour migration ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Regulatory Impact Analysis Statement Amendments to increase the flexibility and efficiency of the permanent residence component of the Live-In Caregiver Program (LCP) N1 - The Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP) is a stream of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) that facilitates qualified, low-skilled foreign workers entering Canada as live-in caregivers to care for children, elderly or disabled persons in the private home where the person being cared for resides, when there are not enough Canadians or permanent residents (PR) to fill available positions. Employers must apply for and receive a positive or neutral labour market opinion (LMO) from Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC)/Service Canada (SC). LMO applications from employers are reviewed by officers who consider, among other factors, whether the wages and working conditions are comparable to those offered to Canadians working in the occupation and if the foreign worker would be filling a labour shortage. Once their employer has a positive or neutral LMO, live-in caregivers can apply for a work permit. If they meet all the program criteria and satisfy additional criteria, including security and medical admissibility, they are issued a temporary work permit to work as a live-in caregiver in Canada. After working as a live-in caregiver for two years within three years of their date of entry to Canada, LCP participants may apply from within Canada to become PRs. Currently, over 90 percent of foreign nationals who enter Canada as a live-in caregiver with a work permit apply for permanent residence through this stream, and of these applicants, 98percent are successful. Following engagement with stakeholders and live-in caregivers, various aspects of the program were raised, including those that are the subject of the proposed regulatory amendments discussed in this document. For example, some live-in caregivers have experienced difficulty in obtaining the required experience within three years due to protracted illness or other circumstances beyond their control, which could result in their ineligibility for permanent residence. Others identified that they have felt pressure to remain in unsatisfactory employment to avoid failing to meet this requirement. The Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration, in its May 2009 report entitled: Temporary Foreign Workers and Non-status Workers, recommended that the time limit to achieve the requisite work experience be extended from three to four years. In addition, live-in caregivers and stakeholders noted that live-in caregiver’s overtime hours are not reflected in their work experience component for permanent residence. Another issue that was raised during the recent round table and in the Standing Committee report is that of the second medical examination. Currently, live-in caregivers must undergo two medical examinations, one as part of a work permit application prior to entry to Canada as a temporary resident, and another as part of their application for permanent residence. Due to the differing assessments of temporary and permanent residency applications, or due to changes in health over time, it is possible that a live-in caregiver be admitted as a temporary resident but denied as a PR. Though this situation is rare (average 3 cases per year), it could unduly penalize live-in caregivers who have contributed to the Canadian economy. It is expected that if this requirement remains unchanged, these sorts of cases will continue to arise from time to time. To address these program issues, CIC has recommended a multi-instrument approach combining administrative and regulatory changes. The former could include improved information products for live-in caregivers and mandatory clauses in employment contracts that stipulate how hours of work and overtime would be compensated and documented. The proposed regulatory amendments to the LCP would facilitate the attainment of the employment requirement for permanent residence status by live-in caregivers, provide flexibility in the way the experience requirement for permanent residence is calculated, and would improve efficiencies in the medical examination process (and reduce costs for live-in caregivers) by eliminating the second medical examination. Both administrative and regulatory changes would improve the LCP while maintaining the objective of the program to respond to labour market shortages. They would also contribute to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act objective to protect the health and safety of Canadians. This multi-instrument approach would also complement proposed regulatory changes to the TFWP intended to improve program integrity that were pre-published in the Canada Gazette on October 10, 2009. In particular, the proposed LCP changes would complement the proposed amendments related to a more rigorous assessment of the genuineness of offers of employment. They would also build upon the pre-published TFWP regulation that would make employers ineligible to access the TFWP for two years where the employer has been found, in the past, to have provided significantly different wages, working conditions and/or occupation than those initially offered to a TFW. Top of PageDescription and rationale 1. Increase the time allowed to complete the employment requirement from three years to four years One of the requirements to qualify for permanent residence under the LCP is completion of two years of employment as a live-in caregiver within three years of arrival in Canada. It is proposed that live-in caregivers would have four years, rather than three years, to complete the employment requirement of the LCP. This would respond to concerns that some live-in caregivers are not able to gain the required two years of employment within three years of arriving in Canada for reasons beyond their control such as serious illness. This regulatory amendment would apply, upon implementation, to all live-in caregivers, including those already in Canada, for whom a determination on permanent residence had not yet been made. 2. Allow an hours-based calculation of the employment requirement based on 3,900 hours within a minimum of 22 months Live-in caregivers are currently required to complete two years of employment to qualify for permanent residence. The calculation of the two-year period is based on the start and end dates of employment, as outlined in the employment contract and termination/resignation documents. It is proposed that live-in caregivers would have the option of selecting the current system for calculating the work requirement, or selecting a new hours-based calculation option of 3,900 hours of employment completed in a minimum of 22 months. A maximum of ten percent of their overtime hours could be counted towards that work requirement, to ensure this new option does not encourage caregivers and/or their employers to seek excessive overtime hours of work. An hours-based calculation of the employment criterion would more accurately reflect the actual accumulated work of some live-in caregivers, including overtime hours. This amendment will apply, upon implementation, to all live-in caregivers, including those already in Canada, for whom a determination on permanent residence had not yet been made. 3) Conduct assessment of medical examination at the work permit application stage with a long term view and eliminate mandatory medical examination at PR application stage Live-in caregivers are currently required to undergo two medical examinations: one at the work permit/temporary residence stage before entering Canada and one at the PR application stage, after a minimum of two years of work experience in Canada. Although both examinations are similar in that they test for health conditions that would pose a risk to public health and safety in Canada or create an excessive demand on the health or social systems in Canada, the difference lies in the manner in which excessive demand costs are calculated – short-term for work permit/temporary residence applicants and long-term for permanent residence applicants. It is proposed that all live-in caregivers no longer be required to complete a medical examination when they apply for permanent residence. Instead, the medical examination completed to qualify for the initial work permit/temporary residence as a live-in caregiver would be assessed for excessive demand in anticipation of the applicant applying for permanent residence under the LCP rather than just for temporary residence. Based on the current costing thresholds used in the calculation of excessive demand, this change would mean that applicants who have a medical condition which would likely result in costs to the health or social systems in Canada of more than $5,000 per year over a five year period (total of $25,000) would typically be deemed to be medically inadmissible due to excessive demand, at the work permit application stage. By eliminating one of the two medical examinations and requiring that live-in caregivers, at the time of their application for a work permit, be assessed with a long term view in anticipation of their application for PR status under the LCP, administrative processes would be streamlined and cost savings for live-in caregivers could be achieved. The examination at the work permit/temporary resident stage would continue to screen for infectious disease and the chance of contracting such a disease after arriving in Canada would be minimal. CIC would assume a one-time cost of approximately $25,000 in order to update LCP information products concerning these changes. All live-in caregivers applying for permanent residence, a modest estimated average of 10,000 per year for the next ten years, would save the estimated average cost of the second medical examination of $125, which would be a savings of approximately $8,000,000 over ten years (noting that full savings won’t be reflected until 2012, as some of those live-in caregivers who arrive in Canada prior to the potential implementation of this new initiative would still need to undergo a medical examination at the permanent residence application stage). This change would apply to live-in caregivers whose applications for a temporary work permit and related medical examination have not already been reviewed. For some live-in caregivers already medically assessed as part of their work permit application (and therefore assessed on a short-term rather than long-term basis), results of the initial medical examination may be reassessed at the time of application for permanent residence, where concerns were identified at the initial examination stage. Top of PageConsultation In developing the proposed regulatory amendments, CIC engaged key stakeholders, including live-in caregivers, through the Minister's round tables in Vancouver on March 29, 2009 and with the employer community on September 9, 2009. Similar round tables were also held in Toronto on April 26, 2009 and Montreal on May 25, 2009. The Department also participated in a consultation organized by the Maytree Foundation, with several stakeholder organizations, on May 29, 2009. In addition to these specific consultations, the Minister and the Department have received numerous letters, papers and other submissions recommending changes to the LCP. It was through these consultations that live-in caregivers expressed their concern with the current three year limitation, calculation of the eligibility requirement and medical examination requirements. Furthermore, CIC has consulted with the Ministère de l’Immigration et des Communautés culturelles (MICC), and begun to work to coordinate these potential changes with the Government of Quebec processes. Officials-level consultations with other provinces and territories are planned for late November. Implementation, enforcement and service standards Necessary implementation measures, including training of current staff, would be funded out of resources already allocated. An implementation Working Group comprised of CIC officials from all branches and divisions affected by these changes will be established to ensure all necessary procedures, systems support and communication tools will be in place prior to implementation. Standard evaluation of the implementation and impacts of the regulatory amendments would be conducted by program departments and is expected to be completed by 2013. Service standards relating to processing of applications for permanent residence from live-in caregivers are not anticipated to be largely affected by these regulatory changes. For example, processing times are not expected to be impacted significantly by the elimination of the second medical exam. Contact Maia Welbourne Director, Temporary Resident Policy and Program Development Division Citizenship and Immigration Canada 8th floor, Jean Edmonds Tower South 365 Laurier Avenue W Ottawa, ON K1A 1L1 Telephone: (613) 957-0001 Fax: (613) 954-0850 E-mail: Maia.welbourne@cic.gc.ca CY - Ottawa PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada N2 - 2009-12-11 Some live-in caregivers have experienced difficulty in obtaining the required experience within three years due to protracted illness or other circumstances beyond their control... A1 - Citizenship and immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2009/01/25/ UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/laws-policy/rias_lcp.asp Y2 - 2010-01-24 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Migrantscanada CY - montreal N2 - Blog tracking news about migrant workers in Canada and elsewhere A1 - Nieto, Roberto Y1 - 2009/01/21/ UR - migrantscanada.wordpress.com Y2 - 2010-01-21 ER - TY - THES T1 - Agents of change, colours of resistance: The socio-economic integration of Filipina live-in caregivers in Montreal CY - Canada PB - Concordia University (Canada) N2 - The current Canadian federal government's Live-in Caregiver program has contributed over the last few decades to the international migration of temporary workers to Canada, particularly those from developing world countries with struggling economies such as the Philippines. The majority of participants in the program are skilled women lured by the opportunity of permanent residency which they can apply for upon completion of two years of work as a live-in caregiver. This is a direct result of the asymmetrical relations from past colonialism and corporate globalization between the developed world and the developing world. Inevitably the Filipino economy has become dependant on transnational corporations and created labour export policies propelling Filipinos to be regarded as a commodity within the global trade system. These relations have allowed the Canadian government to capitalize on the economic inequalities between Canada and the Philippines. The program reflects how Canada's need for cheap and skilled labour influences whether it restricts or slackens its immigration policies in order to procure such immigrant female workers. Regulations such as the requirement for the women to live-in and stay with the employer stated on the issued work permit forces them into precarious and sometimes illegal situations, showing the program is restrictive, discriminatory and anti-woman. The majority of the migrant women in the Live-in Caregiver program (LCP) are visible minority women who are issued temporary status, lack labour rights and often encounter exploitative situations within their workplace. Using an anti-racist feminist approach, this thesis will seek to explore how Canada's LCP has influenced the socio-economic integration and personal experiences of a sample of Filipina live-in caregivers in Montreal, Quebec. This thesis will initially review the available literature on how Canada's immigration policies have affected immigration trends over time. The current socio-economic outcomes for immigrant men and women who have recently arrived will be examined and compared to those of their Canadian-born counterparts. This will be followed by an assessment of the available literature that explores the contextual and explanatory macro-factors that have influenced the procurement of migrant women into the LCP such as Canada's ever-changing immigration laws and ideologies, as well as its historical and economic status. With the use of in-depth qualitative research methods the focus will shift to a micro-level, analysing the personal experiences of a sample number of live-in caregivers within the LCP. A feminist approach is necessary to show how domestic work is devalued by the Canadian government which imposes its Eurocentric ideals and culture on these women whilst demoralizing them by denying them their basic human rights and violating their labour rights. The information gathered from the Filipina live-in caregivers will be analysed and discussed in detail. Based on the findings, the thesis will conclude with suggestions on how to change policies that affect the socio-economic outcomes of these women. Recommendations will be put forward that aim to improve their work and personal experiences as well as protect and empower them. A1 - Kapiga, I. Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2192663671&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 VL - M.Sc. ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Canada's Temporary Immigration System N2 - "If a person is good enough to work here, a person is good enough to stay here." This was the sentiment expressed in the May 2009 Report of the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration, entitled "Temporary Foreign Workers and Non-Status Workers". Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program was established to meet shortterm labour shortages in the Canadian economy. Despite this initial goal, it has actually become more of a long-term solution to labour shortages and for immigrants wishing to make Canada their home. Temporary Foreign Workers (TFWs) remain in Canada for longer than the intended period, but maintain their "temporary status" and the limited rights that go along with that. In Alberta alone in December 2008, there were 57,843 temporary foreign workers. There are twice as many temporary foreign workers in Alberta than permanent immigrants, and more than half are "low-skilled" workers ("Entrenching Exploitation: The Second Report of the Alberta Federation of Labour Temporary Foreign Worker Advocate" (April 2009) www.afl.org/campaigns-issues/tempworker/default.cfm. The major difficulties faced by Canada's TFWs primarily stem from their temporary status in Canada. A large majority of TFWs are low-skilled workers, making it difficult for them to qualify for permanent residency under the points-based immigration system. There are two other programs that workers may apply under - the Canada Experience Class Program (CEC) and the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP). The CEC primarily targets skilled labour and workers can apply under this program based on their work experience in Canada. However, workers under SAWP and PORLLFT cannot apply their work experience to permanent residency. Under the PNP, employers may nominate workers. Like the CEC, it targets primarily skilled workers, which excludes most workers under TFW programs. Manitoba has made attempts to address this shortcoming, opening up its PNP to workers in all skill levels. As a result, the majority of foreign workers become permanent residents within two years of their arrival in the province ("Entrenching Exploitation", supra at p. 8). A1 - Stevens, Kristyn Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://ablawg.ca/2009/06/04/canada’s-temporary-immigration-system/ Y2 - 2011-06-11 JA - ABlawg.ca ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Fight back: Workplace Justice for Immigrants N1 - Examining immigration within an international context, this discussion explores the complex issues surrounding immigrant workers. Based on the collaboration between a group of university-affiliated researchers and community organizations, this detailed study explores the policies regarding immigrants and presents an account of an advocacy group constantly striving to improve their rights. Documenting actual experiences in a variety of workplaces, this is a valuable guide to fighting against injustice without jeopardizing the status of international employees. CY - Winnipeg PB - Fernwood Publishing N2 - Displacement of people, migration, immigration and the demand for labour are connected to the fundamental restructuring of capitalism and to the reduction of working class power through legislation to free the market from “state interference.” The consequence is that a large number of immigrant and temporary foreign workers face relentless competition and little in the way of protection in the labour market. Globally and in Canada, immigrant workers are not passive in the face of these conditions: they survive and fight back. This book documents their struggles and analyses them within the context of neoliberal globalization and the international and national labour markets. Fight Back grew out of collaboration between a group of university-affiliated researchers who are active in different social movements and community organizations in partnership with the Immigrant Workers Centre in Montreal. The book shares with us the experiences of immigrant workers in a variety of workplaces. It is based on the underlying belief that the best kind of research that tells “how it really is” comes from the lived experience of people themselves. Contents * Chapter 1: Introduction * Chapter 2: Context * Chapter 3: Becoming an Immigrant Worker * Chapter 4: Access to Social Rights * Chapter 5: Seasonal Agricultural Workers * Chapter 6: Live-In Caregiver Program * Chapter 7: Survival and the Fight Back * Bibliography A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Choudry, Aziz A1 - Jordan, Steve A1 - Shragge, Eric A1 - Stiegman, Martha Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://www.fernwoodpublishing.ca/Fight-Back-Aziz-Choudry-Jill-Hanley-Steve-Jordan-Eric-Shragge-Martha-Stiegman/ Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Foreign worker manual N1 - [electronic resource]. Updated irregularly CY - [Ottawa] PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada N2 - This is the third of several updates to this chapter which will bring all TFW instructions together. A1 - Canada. Citizenship and Immigration Canada.,  Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/301/foreign_worker_manual/index.htmlhttp://www.cic.gc.ca/manuals-guides/english/fw/index.html Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal : rapport du Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration N1 - président, David Tilson. Rapport du Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration Temporary foreign workers and non-status workers 28 cm. "40e législature, 2e session". Diffusé par le Programme des services de dépôt du gouvernement du Canada. CY - Ottawa PB - Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration N2 - Au cours de la deuxième session de la 39e législature, le Comité a parcouru le Canada du 31 mars au 17 avril pour entendre des témoignages sur les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal (ou sans papiers1) et sur deux autres sujets. Durant une période de trois semaines, il a reçu une bonne centaine de mémoires (voir l’annexe B) et entendu plusieurs dizaines de témoins (voir l’annexe A) dans les 12 villes où il s’est arrêté : Vancouver, Edmonton, Moosejaw, Winnipeg, Kitchener- Waterloo, Scarborough, Toronto, Dorval, Québec, Fredericton, Halifax et St. John’s. Le Comité actuel a cru qu’il était important de terminer ce travail pendant la 40e législature. Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires et les travailleurs sans statut légal ont des parcours d’entrée au Canada qui sont différents, des statuts différents et des perspectives différentes de participation économique et sociale à la vie canadienne. Cependant, ils ont en commun leur statut non permanent et leur vulnérabilité à l’exploitation, ils viennent combler les mêmes pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et ont les mêmes difficultés à obtenir leur résidence permanente. La partie I du présent rapport s’attache aux programmes canadiens d’immigration destinés aux travailleurs étrangers temporaires. Elle met en lumière la situation actuelle et la vision pour l’avenir, les possibilités de transition du statut de travailleur temporaire à celui de résident permanent et divers aspects des programmes eux-mêmes, à savoir leurs composantes administratives, la protection des travailleurs et l’expérience des travailleurs. La partie II porte sur les travailleurs sans statut légal, terme adopté par le Comité au cours de son étude. Elle propose des moyens d’enrayer la croissance de la population de travailleurs sans statut légal. A1 - Canada. Parlement. Chambre des communes. Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration.,  Y1 - 2009/// T3 - 40e législation, 2e session ER - TY - BOOK T1 - What Happens when They Leave? The Social Impact of Migration on the Philippines CY - Ottawa PB - Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, N2 - The Philippines has consistently ranked as one of the world's top suppliers of migrant workers, with Filipinos arriving in droves on the doorsteps of developed countries to work both legally and illegally. While their impact on the global economy has been well-documented, there has been little analytical journalism examining the social consequences of this mass exodus on Filipinos and Filipino culture. Whether they cross borders to work as domestic workers, teachers or nurses, migration causes immediate and long-term hardships that range from the emotional wrench of family separation to brain drain from the country. This thesis explores migration's footprint on the politics and economics of the Philippines. As the majority of those leaving the Philippines are women, the thesis also documents the effects of this gendered migration pattern, including the experiences of domestic workers who come to Canada. A1 - Kassam, Ashifa Y1 - 2009/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books/about/What_Happens_when_They_Leave_The_Social.html?id=_ms1K6FnSdYC&redir_esc=y Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - La Convention de l’Onu sur les travailleurs migrants et la situation au Canada IS - 1271 CY - Paris PB - Cité Nationale de l'Histoire de l'Immigration N2 - Les travailleurs étrangers peu qualifiés admis au Canada à titre temporaire – employés domestiques et travailleurs agricoles – placés sous l’autorité légale de leur employeur, possèdent très peu de droits ; a fortiori les sans- papiers. La politique et les justifications du gouvernement fédéral, la privatisation des politiques d’embauche se heurtent à la dénonciation par les ONG des manquements aux droits fondamentaux qu’ils entraînent. A1 - Dina Epale,  A1 - Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie A1 - Piché, Victor Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.hommes-et-migrations.fr/docannexe/file/4967/66_81_1271.pdf Y2 - 2011-11-29 JA - Hommes et migrations SP - 66 M2 - 66 SP - 66-81 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The New Bonded Labour? The impact of proposed changes to the UK immigration system on migrant domestic workers N1 - ***: Nonetheless, the rights to leave an employer, renew a visa, settle in the country, and access a full range of employment rights and health care are vital for the migrants’ well-being. Under the new system, these immigration and employment rights will completely disappear, leaving MDWs without any protection against abuse. Not being able to change employers translates into an increased number of cases of abuse and exploitation, as MDWs will be trapped in one household. Leaving that household will make them illegal, a powerful tool of control for employers. Illegality among MDWs will grow, as more and more workers will end up staying longer than the six months allowed by their visa. This will be through no fault of their own....The new system will increase the risk of trafficking, as it will allow employers to recruit MDWs abroad for purposes of forced labour in the UK. This will occur without the existence of any protection for workers or punishment for employers...The proposals to remove the rights of MDWs contradict the government’s current commitments to protect victims of trafficking and work towards ratification of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. Arguably, it will also result in the contravention of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with respect to the rights to safety, to not be enslaved, to not be treated in a degrading manner, to an adequate standard of living, and to equal access to protection in law. -p.6 They will be unable to change employer, and may lose access to employment rights. The main consequence will be increased vulnerability due to being trapped in the household with no possibility of leaving...Anti-Slavery International recommends in Trafficking for Forced Labour: UK Country Report that the proposals are dropped. It states that the proposals would contribute to MDWs being trafficked; that ‘the impact of trafficking in human beings needs to be assessed as an essential part of changes in migration policies’; and that legal channels by which workers migrate should be ‘seen as a tool to prevent trafficking’.29 The House of Lords and House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights recommend in their report on human trafficking that the proposed changes would mean that ‘domestic workers who are trying to flee a violent employer would be less likely to do so, and less likely to approach public authorities for help or to report their abuse’. -p.25 Once MDWs are forbidden to change employer legally, they will become even more vulnerable to exploitation. Whenever an abusive employment situation occurs and MDWs leave their employers, they will become 'illegal'. They will therefore be susceptible to further abuse by other, unscrupulous, employers who may take advantage of a worker's irregular immigration status. Immigration status will revert to being a tool used by employers to control MDWs, as it was before the previous change in legislation in 1998. Moreover, the underlying problem will remain that MDWs will lack information regarding the conditions of the visa, in much the same way as they do now. But the consequences will be much worse, because conditions under the new legislation will be much stricter. Considering that even now, domestic workers who do not know they are allowed to leave their employers still do so, because their conditions of work and pay are unbearable, it seems unlikely that they would not do the same under the new legislation, with the difference being that doing this will result in their illegality...Ultimately, preventing domestic workers from accessing the right to change employer and renew their visa would increase the risk of domestic workers being trafficked. -p. 26 Therefore, the proposed legislation would allow employers to do exactly what is described above: recruit persons by means of the use of coercion and of a position of vulnerability, for the purpose of exploitation in terms of forced labour. The new immigration provisions for domestic workers would make it virtually impossible to prevent forced labour from occurring, and may indeed even encourage it: it would be left unpunished. As such, the new legislation is in direct contravention to the Home Office stated policy on trafficking. -p. 27 By not allowing MDWs to legally change their employer, abuse will continue to go unpunished. Employers will be able to mistreat MDWs and keep them in conditions akin to slavery, without the risk of the migrant running away and reporting them to the competent authorities. ...Under the new legislation, MDWs would lose all protection from being mistreated and abused -p. 31 PB - OXFAM, KALAYAAN N2 - The UK wanted to revert to old laws, that of domestic workers being tied to their employer. OXFAM and KALAYAAN (Justice for migrant domestic workers) assess the implications of such changes A1 - OXFAM,  A1 - KALAYAAN,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.kalayaan.org.uk/documents/Kalayaan%20Oxfam%20report.pdf Y2 - 2015-11-04 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - NATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION POLICY FOR SRI LANKA MINISTRY CY - Colombo PB - International Labor Organization (ILO) N2 - The Sri Lanka National Policy on Labour Migration is developed by the Ministry of Foreign Employment Promotion and Welfare. Its aim is to articulate the State Policy regarding Sri Lankan citizens engaged in employment in other countries and to recognise the significant contribution of all Sri Lankan migrant workers to the national economy through foreign exchange remittances and other mechanisms. The policy has the goals of developing a long-term vision for the role of labour migration in the economy, enhancing the benefits of labour migration on the economy, society, the migrant workers and their families, minimizing its negative impacts and, finally, working towards the fulfilment and protection of all human and labour rights of migrant workers. Over the years, Sri Lanka has instituted a number of programmes and schemes that cover issues of governance in the process of labour migration, the protection and welfare of migrant workers and their families. Most notably, the Sri Lanka Bureau for Foreign Employment (SLBFE) has been instituted since 1997, providing services and a regulatory framework for interested migrants. In 2007, this was brought under the purview of the Ministry of Foreign Employment Promotion and Welfare (MFEPW). The operations of these initiatives have been within the framework of principles of decent work, dignity of labour and the protection of all human rights and freedoms of migrant workers and their families. Despite these initiatives, Sri Lanka continues to face a number of challenges in the field of foreign employment such as the vulnerability of workers who migrate under risky and unsafe conditions and the predominance of low-remittance, low-skilled jobs mainly for women with heavy social costs for families. Thus, the delicate balance between the promotion of foreign employment and the protection of national workers abroad is a continuous challenge. The current national policy is designed to address this and other challenges. Overall, the national policy aims to promote opportunities for all men and women to engage in migration for decent and productive employment in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. It is intended to do so through the institution of policies, laws, regulations, services and facilities for migrant workers and their families. Special emphasis is laid on the development of skills as a main and effective means of protection for migrant workers and their families. The policy is developed in three sections; namely, governance of the migration process, protection and empowerment of migrant workers and their families, and linking migration and development processes. Additionally, six appendices describe the comprehensive framework and consultative process within which the policy was developed. Y1 - 2008/// KW - Sri Lanka KW - National Policy on Labour Migration KW - the institutional framework KW - the legislative framework KW - the regulatory framework and the social dialogue and consultative framework UR - http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/migrant/download/mpolicy_srilanka_en.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-03 JA - ILO ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Gender-Based Barriers to Settlement and Integration for Live-In-Caregivers: A Review of the Literature IS - 71 CY - Toronto PB - CERIS N2 - Thousands of individual migrants, primarily women, have entered Canada under the auspices of the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). The LCP enables qualified foreign applicants to enter the country to care for children, the elderly, or persons with disabilities in their own homes. After working for a period of 24 months, LCP workers are eligible to apply for permanent residency status and, ultimately, citizenship (Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) 1999; Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) 2006). What do we know about this group of migrants? What kinds of challenges do they face? How are they integrating into Canadian society? The primary objective of this literature review is to identify and analyze the gender-based barriers experienced by live-in caregivers in Canada from 1990 to 2007. The literature suggests that live-in caregivers are most definitely disadvantaged in their efforts to settle and integrate into Canadian society. Significantly, the challenges they face emerge from both their status, primarily as women from the global south, and from the policies and characteristics of the LCP itself. As the demand for domestic care workers has increased, so, too, have opportunities for women, who appear, on average, to be more faithful remitters than men to make contributions from Canada to the subsistence of their families in their home country. Carework, particularly when conducted in private households, is generally regarded as “natural” to women and granted little value as skilled labour. The private, gendered, and flexible nature of the labour appears to render the work outside of the conventional association of paid labour with the public domain and the more structured job descriptions of industrial labour. Resultantly, domestic care work tends to evade the realm of standard labour legislation and social protection. The consequences of these realities are that those who undertake this labour undergo a process of deskilling and erosion of social status. Separated from family, and working and living in the private household of their employer, their freedom of association and, likewise, their access to social support is diminished. Temporary status and lack of access to professional educational opportunities under the LCP contribute to a sense of liminality and stall, if not defer, dreams for a better life for themselves in Canada. Few studies (Pratt and PWC 203; Spitzer, Torres, et al 2007) have followed former LCP workers with regards to their labour trajectories; however, these studies found that many informants were downwardly mobile in terms of social status, although it appears that younger, single migrants may be more apt to re-train for a career. As for many other newcomers, exclusion from opportunities to meet Canadian professional criteria, and lack of recognition of foreign credentials and experience are major barriers to labour-market participation commensurate with their educational and employment backgrounds. Evidence of the exploitation and abuse of live-in caregivers abounds. The time constraints of the LCP appear to play a role in workers’ decisions to remain with abusive or exploitative employers, because any time lost between contracts delays completion of the Program and, thereby, threatens either longer separation from their families or deportation. Again, the private nature of the work, its ambiguous coverage under labour legislation, the lack of monitoring of contracts which places the onus on the temporary worker to file complaints, and lack of awareness of their rights and support services, further a link between LCP regulations and vulnerability to violence. Importantly, the behaviour of individual employers who may well value their employee and honour their contracts, can but only slightly mitigate, rather than eliminate, the systemic and symbolic violence that is structured by the LCP, and which contributes to de-skilling, erosion of self respect, loss of control over their immediate environment, and enforced separation from family and friends. A1 - Spitzer, Denise A1 - Torres, Sara Y1 - 2008/11/01/ UR - http://ceris.metropolis.net/Virtual%20Library/WKPP%20List/WKPP2008/CWP71.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-23 T3 - CERIS Working Paper ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Close To Slavery : Guestworker Programs in the United States CY - Montgomery, Alabama PB - Southern Poverty Law Center A1 - Bauer, Mary A1 - Reynolds, Sarah Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/pdf/static/SPLCguestworker.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-21 T3 - Report ER - TY - THES T1 - Production de statistiques démographiques sur les « travailleurs étrangers » au Canada : une mise à jour nécessaire CY - Montréal PB - Université de Montréal N2 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada privilégie actuellement une conception de la population des travailleurs étrangers temporaires pour la mesure démographique qui porte à sous-estimer les entrées et la présence de ces derniers au Canada. Aussi, les données publiées annuellement sur ces derniers sont uniquement ventilées par sexe, région de destination, niveau de compétences ou principaux pays d’origine. Les dizaines de programmes d’admission avec autorisation temporaire au travail sont toutefois caractérisés par différents mécanismes de reconnaissance et de révocation du statut temporaire de travailleur. Ainsi, compte tenu de la nature hétérogène du cadre normatif de l’autorisation temporaire au travail et des pénuries de travailleurs à travers le Canada, seule une ventilation des données par programmes d’admission, type d’occupation et autres variables disponibles pourrait permettre le développement de recherches et évaluations quantitatives pertinentes dans le domaine la migration temporaire au Canada. The Production of Demographic Data on Foreign Workers in Canada: Current limits and necessary Updates Abstract: Citizenship and Immigration Canada is currently using a restrictive conceptualization of the population of foreign workers for the production of demographic data which result in a systematic underestimation of the importance of temporary work authorization programs in Canada. Data on foreign workers are currently disaggregated only by sex, region of destination, skill level or main countries of origin; however, given the highly heterogeneous nature of the normative framework of the temporary work authorization procedures and of the labour and skill shortages across Canada, only data disaggregated by admission programs, occupation types and other available variables could allow the development relevant quantitative research focused on the evolution of the population of foreign workers in Canada. A1 - Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol2/QMU/TC-QMU-7712.pdf Y2 - 2011-06-01 VL - M.Sc. T2 - Département de Démographie SP - 111 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Les travailleuses et les travailleurs temporaires : élargir nos solidarités. PB - CSN N2 - Texte adopté par le conseil confédéral A1 - CSN,  Y1 - 2008/// ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status IS - 1 N2 - Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’ experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment. A1 - Vosko, Leah F A1 - Fuller, Sylvia Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11205-007-9201-8 Y2 - 2014-04-21 JA - Social Indicators Research VL - 88 SP - 20 M2 - 20 SP - 20 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Violations législatives et administratives des droits humaines de travailleurs migrants au Canada : le cas des travailleurs étrangers "temporaires" provenant de populations " non-blanches" recrutés dans un secteur d'emploi " peu spécialisé" A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2008/// T3 - Mémoire présenté au Comité permanent de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration de la Chambre des Communes du Canada ER - TY - THES T1 - Travailleurs étrangers temporaires au Canada : proposition de mises à jour des catégories et indicateurs démographiques PB - Université de Montréal A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2008/// VL - M.SC T2 - Démographie ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Smuggling, Trafficking and Modern Slavery of Migrant Caregivers in Quebec/ Trafic, traite et esclavage moderne des aides familiales migrantes au Québec PB - AAFQ A1 - AAFQ,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://catalogue.cdeacf.ca/record.htm?record=19224261124910424439 Y2 - 2014-02-18 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Bilan de la consultation. Le programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires. PB - MICC A1 - Ministère de l'immigration et des communautés culturelles (MICC),  Y1 - 2008/02/05/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - Résumé du Séminaire FTQ sur les nouveaux enjeux de l'emploi CY - Montreal PB - Fédération des Travailleurs et Travailleuses du Québec N2 - Les 25 septembre et 26 septembre 2008 Le monde du travail est en continuelle transformation et à chaque année, de nouveaux enjeux se dessinent, de nouvelles politiques sont adoptées et de nouvelles mesures sont disponibles pour les entreprises et la main-d’œuvre. Comme syndicats, nous sommes interpellés par ces changements et il est dans notre intérêt de bien les connaître si nous voulons orienter notre action syndicale pour mieux protéger nos emplois et améliorer le travail et les conditions de travail de nos membres. Pour faire le point sur les nouveaux enjeux qui ont et auront des répercussions sur certaines de nos pratiques, la FTQ, avec la collaboration du Fonds de solidarité FTQ, organisait un Séminaire sur les nouveaux enjeux de l’emploi. Textes de référence: Licenciements collectifs : portrait et revendications Le recrutement de travailleuses et travailleurs étrangers temporaires Mobilité de main-d'oeuvre et négociation d'accords commerciaux interprovinciaux Programme des normes interprovinciales "Sceau-rouge" Les programmes de subvention 2008-2009 du Fonds de développement et de reconnaissance des compétences Programme d'apprentissage en milieu de travail Le crédit d'impôt du Québec et le programme d'apprentissage en milieu de travail Le développement et la reconnaissance des compétences Le développement de la main-d'oeuvre : les instances de partenariat Présentations: Rôles et responsabilités syndicales en cas de licenciement collectif : Atim Leòn, FTQ Le pacte pour l’emploi : Louise Miller, FTQ Le développement et la reconnaissance des compétences : Louise Miller, FTQ Les instances de partenariat dans le développement de la main-d'œuvre : Louise Miller, FTQ L’intégration permanente de travailleurs étrangers via permis temporaire de travail lié à un seul employeur : Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier, CÉRIUM Le nouvel espace économique du Québec : Lise Côté, FTQ Les comités sectoriels de main-d'œuvre : Louise Miller, FTQ Intervention reclassement et projets spéciaux dans le cadre du Comité de reclassement Goodyear à Valleyfield : Onil Proulx, Groupe GCRH Présentation de Christian Galarneau, CSMO portes et fenetres, meubles et armoires de cuisine Visionner le vidéo A1 - FTQ,  Y1 - 2008/01/11/ UR - http://ftq.qc.ca/modules/pages/index.php?id=295&langue=fr8 Y2 - 2010-01-11 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Revue de presse - Ignorés et oubliés A1 - Cornellier, Manon Y1 - 2008/01/06/ UR - http://media2.ledevoir.com/societe/medias/170761/revue-de-presse-ignores-et-oublies Y2 - 2014-04-22 JA - Le Devoir ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Le Programme des aides familiaux résidants : Prolongement de votre séjour PB - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/travailler/aides/prolongement.asp Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Travailler temporairement au Canada : Le Programme des aides familiaux résidants PB - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/travailler/aides/index.asp Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Live-in Domestics, Seasonal Workers, and Others Hard to Locate on the Map of Democracy IS - 4 A1 - Carens, Joseph H. Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00314.x/abstract Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - The Journal of Political Philosophy VL - 16 SP - 419 M2 - 419 SP - 419–445 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Who is Temporary? Migrant Domestic and Agricultural Workers' Access to Social Rights in Quebec CY - Halifax A1 - Hanley, J. Y1 - 2008/// T2 - 10th National Metropolis Conference ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Revisiting the Permanent-Temporary Labour Migration Dichotomy N1 - Christina Gabriel and Hélène Pellerin CY - Oxon, Canada PB - Routledge/Ripe Studies in Global Political Economy A1 - Stasiulis, Daiva Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=Q8I-tFA7aukC&oi=fnd&pg=PA95&dq=Revisiting+the+Permanent-Temporary+Labour+Migration+Dichotomy&ots=4au5BR-uHd&sig=G8hZuHhIDyMQRbyOd9QBhrGBQNw#v=onepage&q=Revisiting%20the%20Permanent-Temporary%20Labour%20Migration%20Dichotomy&f=false Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Governing International Labour Migration, Current Issues, Challenges and Dilemmas ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Temporary foreign worker: guide for employers using employment agencies N1 - 22 cm. CY - [Edmonton] PB - Alberta Employment and Immigration A1 - Provincial Government of Alberta,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://amicus.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aaweb-bin/aamain/itemdisp?sessionKey=999999999_142&l=0&d=2&v=0&lvl=1&itm=34481345 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Important information for temporary foreign workers working in Canada CY - [Ottawa] PB - Govt. of Canada N2 - Recently, stories have been circulating regarding a new requirement on the part of Citizenship and Immigration Canada that all temporary foreign workers returning to Canada after an absence must show proof that they have a return plane ticket to effect their departure from Canada at the end of their authorized employment in Canada. A1 - Government of Canada,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/philippines/visas/new_information_nouvelles.aspx?lang=eng&view=d Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Labour market opinion CY - [Ottawa] PB - Human Resources and Social Development Canada A1 - Human Resources and Skills Development Canada,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/workplaceskills/foreign_workers/stats/annual/table9a.shtml Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Retaining foreign workers in Alberta: an employer's guide to the successful settlement and integration of foreign workers N1 - col. ill. ; 28 cm. CY - [Edmonton PB - Govt. of] Alberta N2 - The Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) Program is operated by two departments of the Government of Canada, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) and Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC). The TFW Program allows: • foreign workers to work temporarily in Canada • Canadian employers to address labour shortages by temporarily employing foreign workers. To hire a temporary foreign worker, you must obtain a Labour Market Opinion (LMO) confirmation from HRSDC. An LMO is issued once HRSDC has assessed that the hiring of a foreign worker will have a positive or neutral effect on the Canadian labour market. As an employer, you will need to demonstrate that you have a genuine need for a foreign worker and that you are unable to fill the position with a Canadian worker. A1 - Provincial Government of Alberta,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://employment.alberta.ca/documents/WIA/WIA-IM-tfw-HRFW.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Hiring foreign workers in Alberta: information for employers who want to find and hire temporary foreign workers N1 - col. ill. ; 28 cm. CY - [Edmonton] PB - Govt. of Alberta N2 - Alberta's vibrant and growing economy has given the province unexpected prosperity. As a result, our growth has put new pressure on the labour force. One way to overcome the current labor shortages is to hire foreign workers. A1 - Provincial Government of Alberta,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.wantjobgotjob.com/files/HE_hiring_fw_alberta.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - THES T1 - Picking Up the Pieces: Examining the Long Term Effects of Family Separation on Pinay Migrant Mothers and Adult Daughters CY - Ottawa PB - University of Toronto N2 - The Philippines is considered one of the largest organized exporters of human labour in the world. Currently, the outflow of migrant workers from the Philippines to over 190 countries across the globe has left over nine million children without parents. This means that over nine million children have personally experienced the trauma of family separation. To understand the devastating long-term consequences of separation on Filipino families, I take as my case study three Pinay mothers who have migrated to Canada under the Foreign Domestic Movement and their adult daughters. The key purpose of this thesis is to open up a deeper discussion around family separation and reunification amongst Pinays who have settled in Canada. It is intended to push the boundaries of what we may already know or think we know about Filipina women in Canada, thereby establishing a more nuanced and heterogeneous understanding of Pinay lives. A1 - De Leon, Conely Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Picking_up_the_pieces_Examining_the_long.html?id=s1Mu5QaGLoUC Y2 - 2011-08-04 T2 - Social Sciences ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Exported and Exposed Abuses against Sri Lankan Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates IS - 16 PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - Over 125, 000 Sri Lankan women migrate to the Middle East as domestic workers each year. Their earnings have made a significant contributions to the Sri Lankan economy, yet many migrant women resort to this survival strategy at profound personal cost. Unscrupulous labor agents and subagents in Sri Lanka often charge illegal exorbitant recruitment fees and decieve women about their propsective jobs. In Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), labor laws excluded domestic workers, who are typically confined to the workplace and labor for excessively long hours for little pay. In some cases, employers or labor agents subject domestic workers to physical abuse, sexual abuse, or forced labor. While current figure likely underestimate the scale of abust, the Sri Lankan government reports that 50 migrant domestic workers return to Sri Lanka “in distress” each day, abd embassies abroad are flooded with workers complaining of upaid wages sexual harassment, and overwork. Media have carried out the horrific abuse. Depite, this awareness, the government of Sri Lankan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the UAE hav failed to exented even standard labor protections to these workers. Sri Lanka has yet to rein in a competitive and corrupt recruitment industry, and has not created adequate support services or effective complaint mechanisms for abused workers. The countries of employment have balked at guaranteering rights that all other workers enjoy, including rest days, limits on working hours, and in some countries , a minimum wage. The Sri Lankan government’s policies havei mproved over recent years and it deserves credit for initiating important steps to manage the outflow of migrant workers and to start providing protections. The government of Sri Lanka set up an insititonal structure, the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE), in 1985 to esnure workers migratn through legal channels, minimize corruption and exploitation by recruitment agencies, and facilitate the flow of workers’ remittances. Yet significant gaps in protection remain. Y1 - 2007/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - Abuse KW - Middle-East UR - http://www.worldwideopen.org/uploads/resources/files/645/TFGLO040_Exported_and_Exposed_Abuses_Against_Sri_Lankan_Domestic_Workers.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Open borders, closed citizenships: Nepali labor migrants in Delhi CY - 83 DDA Janta Flats, GTB Enclave, Delhi - 93, IndiaSouth Asia Study Centre, PB - Institute of Social studies N2 - Nepal and India share an 'open' border as per the agreements of a bilateral treaty signed in 1950. According to the treaty, Nepalis and Indians can travel and work across the border and are to be treated at par with the native citizens. Rural Nepalis, who have for long been suffering poverty, unemployment and more recently a civil war, have been migrating to India in thousands every year. In this paper, I discuss the findings of a qualitative study conducted between 2003 to 2006 among two categories of Nepali migrants living in four clusters of Delhi: those who have and have not settled in India after prolonged period of work. The study entailed in-depth interviews with 100 labor migrants, and field observations. The interviews focused on day to day interaction between the Nepali labor migrants and the Indian state as it is embodied in the policemen and lower level administrators with whom the labor migrants mostly interact. The paper discusses the modes and processes of incorporation and subjugation of the Nepali labor migrants by the Indian market in close collaboration with the state apparatus. It also discusses the modes and processes of day-to-day resistance by the labor migrants. Based on the analysis of the data, I argue that despite the legal rhetoric, the Indian state treats the Nepalis laborers as rights-less, non-citizens. Their precarious economic and political position means that they do not risk themselves further by demanding citizenship and labor rights from the supposedly liberal Indian state, but help grease its increasingly liberalizing economy as docile and cheap laborers. Are these the types of 'open borders' that the neo-liberal proponents of globalization trying to promote across the world? This issue is discussed at the end. Y1 - 2007/// KW - India KW - Nepal KW - Labour Migration; KW - Nepali Watchmen UR - http://www.mtnforum.org/sites/default/files/pub/1139.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-03 T2 - International migration, multi-local livelihoods and human security:Perspectives from Europe, Asia and Africa ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Protecting the rights of migrant workers in Canada N2 - In recent years, Canada has been increasingly relying on migrant workers admitted to Canada on temporary work permits A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees,  A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees,  Y1 - 2007/11/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/documents/migrantworkers.htm Y2 - 2011-06-27 T3 - Canadian Council for Refugees ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Programmes canadiens de travailleurs étrangers : autorisations en 2006 et sélection de portraits statistiques historiques CY - Montreal A1 - Eugénie Depatie-Pelletier,  Y1 - 2007/10/25/ UR - http://www.cerium.ca/IMG/pdf/Article_2_Depatie-Pelletier_07_10_25.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Immigration, minorities and Multulturalism in Democraties Conference ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Canada - Nova-Scotia Immigration Agreement - Annex B: Temporary Foreign Workers A2 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada A1 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada,  A1 - Human Ressources and Social Development Canada,  A1 - Provincial Government of Nova Scotia,  Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/laws-policy/agreements/ns/ns-2007-annex-b.asp Y2 - 2011-09-30 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Accord Canada‑Nouvelle-Écosse sur l’immigration - Annexe B – Travailleurs étrangers temporaires A2 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada PB - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada A1 - Ressources Humaines et Développement des Compétences Canada,  A1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada,  A1 - Gouvernement provincial de la Nouvelle-Écosse,  Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/francais/ministere/lois-politiques/ententes/ne/ne-2007-annexe-b.asp Y2 - 2011-09-25 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Temporary foreign workers CY - [Ottawa] PB - Parliamentary Information and Research Service N2 - The term "migrant worker" refers to a person engaged in a paid activity in a state of which he or she is not a national. In Canada the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) contains a provision for migrant workers, who are allowed to work in Canada with an appropriate visa. These authorized workers are usually termed "temporary foreign workers." The requirements for obtaining a visa are spelled out in the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, which is administered jointly by CItizen and Immigration Canada (CIC) and Human Resources and SOcial Development Canada (HRSDC). A secondary category of migrant worker is also indirectly referenced in IRPA, namely undocumented workers employed in Canada without authorization. The status and rights accorded to these two categories of worker differ significantly. This paper will focus primarily on authorized temporary foreign workers. A1 - Elgersma, Sandra Y1 - 2007/09/07/ UR - http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0711-e.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Le Contrôle des migrations et l'intégration économique: entre ouverture et fermeture CY - Montréal PB - Chaire de recherche du Canada en droit international des migrations A1 - Nakache, Delphine A1 - Crépeau, François Y1 - 2007/// UR - https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/jspui/bitstream/1866/2191/1/contrôle%20des%20migrations%20et%20de%20l'intégration%20économique.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-23 T3 - Publications de la Chaire de recherche du Canada en droit international des migrations ER - TY - THES T1 - Contract, Migration and Citizenship: Farming and Caregiving Work in Canada A1 - Law, Alexandra Y1 - 2007/// T2 - Law SP - 79 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Mieux encadrer le recours aux travailleuses et aux travailleurs temporaires PB - CSQ N2 - Mémoire présenté à la Consultation du ministère de l'immigration et des communautés culturelles (MICC) sur le programme des travailleurs temporaires par la Centrale des syndicats du Québec. A1 - CSQ,  Y1 - 2007/// ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Human trafficking IS - ISBN 978-2-921768-72-6 PB - Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la violence familiale et la violence faite aux femmes A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Oxman-Martinez, Jacqueline Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://catalogue.cdeacf.ca/Record.htm?idlist=2&record=19219341124910375239 Y2 - 2014-02-25 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Analysis, Solidarity, Action—A Workers’ Perspective on the Increasing Use of Migrant Labour in Canada A1 - Canadian Labour Congress,  A1 - Valiani, Salimah Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://www.academia.edu/4973517/Analysis_Solidarity_Action-a_Workers_Perspective_on_the_Increasing_Use_of_Migrant_Labour_in_Canada_Canadas_Part_in_the_Global_Integration_of_Labour_Markets Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - Gendered citizenship and migrant work in Canada CY - Canada PB - Carleton University (Canada) N2 - The Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program and the Live-In Caregiver Program facilitate migrant work in farming and home care, respectively. Though their industries differ, the programs are built upon similar assumptions about worker autonomy, transnational citizenship and the public-private distinction. This has consequences for migrating worker resistance in Canada. Workers first exercise transnational civil citizenship by signing an overseas contract. Conceived in law as autonomous contracting parties, they are nevertheless motivated by family relationships. In Canada, worker citizenship is managed through the work permit, a framework which enables workplace injustice. This injustice is maintained through a blurred line between 'just like family' and 'employee' status, and the public discourse of the 'family farm'. Using court cases as evidence, I conclude that worker disruption of the artificial line between public and private may result in positive legal change, including concrete gains in pay, benefits and labour protections. A1 - Law, Alexandra Y1 - 2007/// ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Joint Submission to the Standing Committee on Human Ressources, Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities by FCJ Refugee Centre, KAIROS, National Alliance of Philippine Women in Canada, UFCW A1 - UFCWCanada,  A1 - KAIROS,  A1 - National Alliance of Philippine Women in Canada,  Y1 - 2006/09/06/ UR - http://www.cerium.ca/IMG/pdf/KAIROS_al._2006.pdf Y2 - 2014-05-01 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - 'Good Enough to Work but Not Good Enough to Stay’: Foreign Domestic Workers and the Law CY - Halifax PB - Fernwood Publishing A1 - Arat-Koc, Sedef Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.fernwoodpublishing.ca/Locating-Law-Second-Edition-Elizabeth-Comack/ Y2 - 2011-07-22 T2 - Locating Law: Race/Class/Gender Connections SP - 125-151 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - PINAY's report and recommandations. Ministère de la Justice, Québec, Comité de travail interministériel sur la Traite des Personnes PB - PINAY A1 - PINAY,  Y1 - 2006/05/16/ ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Home Economics: Nationalism and the Making of "Migrant Workers" in Canada CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press N2 - A massive shift has taken place in Canadian immigration policy since the 1970s: the majority of migrants no longer enter as permanent residents but as temporary migrant workers. In Home Economics, Nandita Sharma shows how Canadian policies on citizenship and immigration contribute to the entrenchment of a system of apartheid where those categorized as ‘migrant workers’ live, work, pay taxes and sometimes die in Canada but are subordinated to a legal regime that renders them as perennial outsiders to nationalized Canadian society. In calling for a ‘no borders’ policy in Canada, Sharma argues that it is the acceptance of nationalist formulations of ‘home’ informed by racialized and gendered relations that contribute to the neo-liberal restructuring of the labour market in Canada. She exposes the ideological character of Canadian border control policies which, rather than preventing people from getting in, actually work to restrict their rights once within Canada. Home Economicsis an urgent and much-needed reminder that in today's world of growing displacement and unprecedented levels of international migration, society must pay careful attention to how nationalist ideologies construct ‘homelands’ that essentially leave the vast majority of the world's migrant peoples homeless. A1 - Sharma, Nandita Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Home_economics.html?id=zJ6fQgAACAAJ Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - Legitimizing disentitlements? Employer perceptions of foreign domestic workers in the live-in caregiver program CY - Canada PB - University of Guelph (Canada) N2 - This study investigates the gate-keeping role of Canadian employers of foreign domestic migrant workers in the Live-in Caregiver Program and the practice of exclusionary citizenship for migrant workers in Canada. By identifying employer attitudes and perceptions of their workers and their rights, this study aims to expose the ideological and institutional processes of Canada's migrant worker policies that legitimize the migrant worker as the non-citizen "other." Employers were recruited by snowball sampling techniques that resulted in 14 semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Interviews revealed employer perceptions of their nanny/housekeeper and their set of rights and suggest that employers hold racialized and gendered stereotypes of their caregiver. Furthermore, citizen employers justified employee disentitlements by the non-citizenship status of their caregiver. This research contributes to the existing literature on the citizenship rights of temporary workers in Canada by examining foreign domestic workers' lack of entitlements, through the employer perceptions and their critical gate-keeping position that significantly affect foreign caregiver citizenship. A1 - Winter, Kelly Lynn Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1163267711&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Colonialism, Capitalism and the Making of the Apartheid System of Migration in Canada A1 - Walia, H. Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.zcommunications.org/colonialism-capitalism-and-the-making-of-the-apartheid-system-of-migration-in-canada-by-harsha-walia Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - ZNet Magazine ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Canada's live-in caregiver program: In whose interest? CY - Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS) - Oxford A1 - Spitzer, D. Y1 - 2006/// T2 - International Labour Migration: In Whose Interest? ER - TY - JOUR T1 - “Unskilled Labour”: Canada's Live-in Caregiver Program IS - 2 N2 - ABSTRACT – Using an anti-racist feminist analysis, this paper demonstrates how the Live-in Caregiver program, which allows domestic workers to migrate to Canada, enables the Canadian government to capitalize on the economic inequalities of globalization while marginalizing migrant women, especially visible minority women, and contributing to the marginalization of all women through the continued devaluation of domestic labour. First, the history and structure of the Live-in Caregiver program is explored to show how the devaluation of women of colour fits into the Canadian government’s Eurocentric and patriarchal ideology. Second, a discussion of women’s individual experiences illustrates how live-in caregivers are left vulnerable to abuses and violations of their human and employment rights. Finally, this paper discusses the gender and racial hierarchies underpinning the Live-in Caregiver program, which ends up valuing some women more than others based on race and yet continues to relegate women in both sending and receiving nations to the domestic sphere. RÉSUMÉ – À travers une analyse féministe anti-raciste, ce travail démontre comment le Programme des aides familiaux résidants, un programme qui offre la possibilité à des travailleurs ménagers d'émigrer au Canada, permet au gouvernement canadien de profiter des inégalités causées par la mondialisation, tout en ayant pour effet la marginalisation des femmes migrantes, particulièrement les minorités visibles, et la dévalorisation de la main d'oeuvre canadienne. Nous explorons d'abord l'histoire et la structure du programme afin de démontrer comment la dépréciation des femmes de couleur entre dans l'idéologie eurocentrique et patriarcale du gouvernement canadien. Ensuite, en discutant des expériences individuelles des femmes, nous cherchons à illustrer comment les aides familiales résidentes sont vulnérables et s'exposent à des abus et à la violation de leurs droits de la personne et des normes du travail. Finalement, cette étude traite des hiérarchies de genres et de races qui soutiennent le Programme des aides familiaux résidants, programme qui privilégie certaines femmes plutôt que d'autres sur des bases raciales et pourtant continue de reléguer les femmes à la fois du pays d'accueil et des pays d'origine à la sphère domestique. A1 - Hodge, Jarrah Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.sfu.ca/~wchane/sa345articles/Hodge.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Undercurrent VL - 3 SP - 60 M2 - 60 SP - 60-66 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Cradling Imperialism: Canada’s live-in nanny program A1 - Hale, Amanda Y1 - 2006/// JA - The University of Victoria’s Independant Newpaper ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Is better good enough? Canada's Live-in Caregiver Program N2 - This online article assesses Canada's Live-in Caregiver Program and the impact on the human rights of women migrants who participate in the program. It outlines the structure and requirements of the program, and examines the position of supporters and critics. The author acknowledges that the program may be beneficial for some women immigrants, but questions "whether it is acceptable for Canada to lower the standard of human rights for immigrant workers simply because they are being provided with an opportunity that is potentially beneficial to them". In the end, she recommends a re-evaluation of the program in order to ensure that the human rights of immigrant women workers are better protected. A1 - Buhler, Shayna Y1 - 2006/// JA - Human Rights Tribune VL - 12 ER - TY - THES T1 - On becoming (un)acceptable: Displacement and the politics of the frame CY - Canada PB - Trent University (Canada) N2 - Displacement is phenomenological. It is embodied, gendered, often transnational, and always tests the limits of sovereignty. Displacement is not the absence of politics; it is replete with political potentialities. The forces of displacement create the paradox of becoming (un)acceptable, which can be both dangerous and enabling. Displacement is both a condition of political life and a category of political thinking. Contemporary neo-Kantian cosmopolitanism evokes universalist and proceduralist strategies founded on discourse ethics. I develop a detailed critique of normative cosmopolitanism, which privileges the sovereignty of liberal democratic states and regards displacement as a problem to be solved. I support my critique by highlighting the phenomenology and taking-subjectivity of the displacement of Filipino women live-in domestic caregivers in Canada. I argue for a more radical cosmopolitics of displacement that challenges the politics of belonging in temporal, spatial, and material terms while it engages politically with the generative potentialities residing in the paradox of becoming (un)acceptable. Keywords. displacement, cosmopolitanism, sovereignty, phenomenology, gender citizenship, Canada, global restructuring, political economy, political subjectivity, marginalization, subsumption, Filipino women domestic workers, Arendt, Arat-Koc, Bakan, Benhabib, Connolly, Honig, Markell, Stasiulis. A1 - Colson, J. Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1390341391&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 VL - M.A. ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Annual legal and human resource guide to employing foreign workers N1 - 28 cm. Updated annually Ceased with Sept. 27/28 2007 issue? CY - [Toronto] PB - Canadian Institute A1 - Canadian Institute,  Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.canadianinstitute.com/EFW Y2 - 2011-08-04 T2 - Annual legal and human resource guide to employing foreign workersID - 21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Labor movement : how migration regulates labor markets N1 - Harald Bauder. ill. ; 24 cm. CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press A1 - Bauder, Harald Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/Labor-Movement-Migration-Regulates-Markets/dp/0195180879 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Guides des politiques et des programmes - Domestic workers 2002, 2003, 2006 N1 - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada. CY - [Ottawa] PB - Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada A1 - Canada. Citoyenneté et immigration Canada.,  Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/203/301/guides_politiques_programmes/index.html Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - THES T1 - An Analysis of the Philippine Legal and Policy Frameworks for the Protection of Women Migrant Workers, particularly the Domestic Workers and Entertainers, from vulnerability to HIV/AIDS CY - Ottawa PB - Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, N2 - Overseas employment predisposes migrant workers to discrimination and exploitation. The women are especially vulnerable to abuses, especially the entertainers and domestic workers. Currently, there is a slow but steady increase of HIV/AIDS infection among migrant workers. In its country report to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, the Philippines has stated that HIV/AIDS prevalence in women was highest with the 19-29 age groups; and that most of them are in prostitution, although there are also cases found in overseas domestic workers. This thesis examines the HIV/AIDS education implemented by the government as its solution to protecting departing migrant workers from vulnerability to the disease. Analyzing the legal and policy frameworks and its implementing program, the thesis concludes with recommendations on how best to ensure that the information acquired by the women migrant workers translates into behavior that would effectively reduce the risk of their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. A1 - Sta. Maria, Amparita Y1 - 2006/// UR - http://gradworks.umi.com/MR/07/MR07361.html Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Maid to Order Ending Abuses Against Migrant Domestic Workers in Singapore PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - I was not allowed to go outside.I never went outside, not even to dump the garbage.I was always inside, I didn't even go to the market.I felt like I was in jail.It was truly imprisonment.I was not allowed to turn the radio on either.I could only see the outside world when I hung clothes to dry. - Sri Mulyani (not her real name), Indonesian domestic worker, age thirty, Singapore, February 19, 2005 I was afraid if I ran away, I would be caught by the police. Madam often got angry with me, complained to the agency, and the agency also got angry with me.The agent asked, "What do you want?" I said, "I want to die, ma'am, because the people here are cruel, everything I do is wrong, I'm always called idiot and stupid." [It got so bad,] I really didn't know what to do, so I drank poison for rats and cockroaches.I lost consciousness, and Madam brought me to the hospital. The police told me it was wrong to try suicide. When the incident happened, I had been working exactly seven months.I had earned S$90 [U.S.$53]. -Muriyani Suharti (not her real name), domestic worker, age twenty-two, Singapore, March 8, 2005 Between 1999 and 2005, at least 147 migrant domestic workers died from workplace accidents or suicide, most by jumping or falling from residential buildings. There is no single reason why domestic workers resort to suicide, but research by Human Rights Watch suggests that many women are made despondent by poor working conditions, anxiety about debts owed to employment agencies, social isolation, and prolonged confinement indoors, sometimes for weeks at a time. As authorities have acknowledged, many of the deaths are also due to workplace accidents. Several of the workers fell to their deaths after their employers forced them to balance precariously, despite being many stories up, to clean windows from the outside or to hang clothes to dry on bamboo poles suspended from window sills. While the deaths of migrant workers described above have received increasing attention in the media and from policymakers, the context in which they occur too often is overlooked. This report, which draws on extensive research and more than one hundred interviews, surveys the abusive conditions facing many domestic workers in Singapore today. Many migrant domestic workers in Singapore face abysmally long working hours, no weekly rest days, and low wages, areas neglected by Singapore's laws and addressed primarily through non-binding information guides. In many cases, migrant domestic workers in Singapore work thirteen to nineteen hours a day, seven days a week, and are restricted from leaving the workplace. They typically earn less than half the pay that workers earn in similar occupations in Singapore-such as gardening and cleaning-and are forced to relinquish the first four to ten months of their salaries to repay employment agency fees. In the worst cases, manipulated by agents or employers or both, migrant domestic workers suffer under conditions amounting to forced labor. Singaporean officials are now beginning to give these problems serious attention. Authorities have imposed tough punishments on employers who physically abuse or fail to pay their domestic workers. Although increasing numbers of officials are turning their attention toward domestic workers, the problems persist. And while Singapore's applicable laws and regulations offer stronger protections than do those of neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore is still far behind Hong Kong, which includes domestic workers in its main labor laws, protecting their rights to a weekly rest day, a minimum wage, maternity leave, and public holidays. Employers in Hong Kong must also bear most recruitment and placement fees, including the cost of visas, insurance, required medical exams, and round-trip transportation from the worker's hometown. The Singapore government to date has preferred to rely on market forces rather than laws to regulate key labor issues for domestic workers such as charges imposed by employment agencies, wages, and weekly rest days. As a result, a migrant domestic worker's fate in Singapore is highly variable. She may secure a good employer and labor agent, enjoy favorable working conditions, and earn wages that she saves or regularly sends home. Or she may work for months without pay to settle debts incurred from exorbitant recruitment fees, labor for long hours seven days a week, and confront prohibitions from leaving the workplace. Singaporean authorities need to do more-through legal reform, enhanced public awareness campaigns, and more consistent law enforcement-to ensure all workers are protected against abuses and can readily seek redress when necessary. *** Singapore, a prosperous city-state in Southeast Asia, attracts women migrant domestic workers from around the region. Approximately 150,000 women, primarily from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka, hold work permits for two-year employment stints in Singapore. Approximately one in every seven Singaporean households employs a "live-in" migrant domestic worker. The child care, domestic duties, and elder care these women perform help free up Singaporean men and women to work outside of their homes. The Singapore government also views employment of foreign domestic workers as a strategy to boost a below-replacement birthrate-domestic services ease the burden on working women and Singaporean families who decide to rear children. No data exists to calculate accurately the number of women migrant domestic workers who confront labor rights and other human rights violations. Many migrant domestic workers have positive experiences. Human Rights Watch interviewed domestic workers who received wages and rest days regularly, enjoyed proper living accommodation, and developed close personal ties with their employers. The Ministry of Manpower estimates that one in three domestic workers renew their two-year contracts and continue to work under the same employer. A significant number of migrant domestic workers are not so fortunate. Given their isolation in private homes, it is difficult to ascertain the exact proportion of migrant domestic workers who face abuse. However, domestic workers make thousands of complaints to their embassies, employment agents, private service organizations, the Singapore Police, and the Ministry of Manpower each year. The Indonesian embassy alone estimates that it receives fifty complaints per day, mostly from domestic workers. The Philippines embassy and the Sri Lanka High Commission estimate receiving between forty to eighty complaints from domestic workers per month. Many abuses likely never are reported, especially if an employer repatriates a domestic worker before she has a chance to seek help. The abuse often begins in domestic workers' home countries. Recruitment practices and legislation vary greatly by country. The Philippines has clearly defined policies on standard employment contracts and recruitment fees. The employment contract provides for a day off each week and a monthly minimum wage of S$350 [U.S.$206]. But many Filipinas come through unlicensed agents or on tourist visas, making them subject to overcharging, poor working conditions, and less access to redress. In Indonesia, domestic workers face high fees from local labor agents, and are often confined in overcrowded, locked training facilities for up to six months while waiting for placement abroad. Many domestic workers report inadequate food and some confront physical violence. The different routes workers take in getting to Singapore correlate with the conditions they are likely to face upon arrival. According to embassy officials and Human Rights Watch's own research, workers placed through unlicensed agents are more likely to have lower wages, no days off, and illegal deployments to multiple homes. Several domestic workers from Indonesia, for example, told us they were threatened with retaliation by employment agents who told them they would be trafficked into forced prostitution or would have to pay substantial fines if they did not complete their debt payments. Other domestic workers reported that employment agents confiscated their passports and any contact information in their possession, making it difficult to seek help. In Singapore, the government does not adequately regulate the fees, "private loans," and salary deduction arrangements imposed by employment agencies on migrant domestic workers. Intense competition among the more than six hundred employment agencies has led them to reduce fees charged to employers, and to shift the cost of recruitment, transportation, training, and placement to domestic workers. Domestic workers who change employers pay extra fees for transfer costs, sometimes extending their debts by months. Seeking employment in Singapore precisely because they are escaping poverty in their own countries, many women must take on large debts which they settle by working for four to ten months with little or no pay. The Employment Agencies Act stipulates that employment agencies cannot charge job seekers more than 10 percent of their first month's earnings. Singapore's Ministry of Manpower has argued that the charges to domestic workers are not agency fees, but instead private loans that fall outside of the law's parameters. This distinction for costs associated with recruitment, processing, and placement with employers is arbitrary and unfairly strips migrant domestic workers of important protections.Human Rights Watch interviewed domestic workers who said they stayed in situations of abuse because of their debt obligations. The Singapore government has instituted several policies that exacerbate domestic workers' isolation in homes and their risk of abuse. One is a S$5,000 [U.S.$2,950] security bond imposed on employers who hire domestic workers. Employers forfeit the bond if their domestic worker runs away or if they fail to pay for the domestic worker's repatriation costs. The Singapore government enacted this policy in an attempt to control illegal immigration and to ensure employers have adequate funds to repatriate the workers on completion of their contracts. Instead, the bond has become an incentive to employers to tightly restrict their domestic workers' movements, prevent them from giving workers weekly rest days, and sometimes to lock them in the workplace. Another policy ties migrant domestic workers' work permits to particular families, giving employers inordinate power. Under the existing system, employers may repatriate domestic workers at will, even if they have not paid off their debts or earned any income. Singapore's work permit regulations forbid migrant domestic workers from becoming pregnant, restrict their marriage and reproductive rights, and provide further incentives for employers to confine domestic workers to the workplace to prevent them from "running away" or "having boyfriends." The prohibition on becoming pregnant has also led to unequal access to health care services, including voluntary abortions, as some employers, agents, and domestic workers believe that seeking an abortion will result in automatic deportation. Singapore, in a stated attempt to regulate unskilled labor migration, also imposes a monthly levy on employers of work permit holders-employers of domestic workers must pay S$200-295 [U.S.$118-174] to a central government fund each month. This amount is more than many employers pay to the domestic workers themselves. Given 150,000 workers, this translates to roughly S$360-531 million (U.S.$212-313 million) annually. None of these funds are earmarked for services geared toward migrant workers. In response to growing publicity and alarm over abuses against migrant domestic workers, Singapore's Ministry of Manpower has instituted some encouraging reforms in the past two years. These include mandatory orientation programs for new employees and new employers, increased commitment to prosecuting cases of unpaid wages and physical abuse, and the introduction of an accreditation program for employment agencies. The ministry also has published an information guide advising employers on proper treatment of domestic workers and informing them of the penalties for physical assault and forced confinement. These initiatives, though important, do not go far enough. Singapore needs to do more to address the underlying inequities and lack of protection that result in widespread abuse. Singapore's Employment Act and Workmen's Compensation Act should be amended to include domestic workers. These laws guarantee weekly rest days, limitations on work hours, and regular payment of wages and overtime. They also regulate salary deductions for debt payments and address compensation for workplace injuries. Singapore also should institute stronger mechanisms for inspecting workplaces and employment agencies. The accreditation program, though a positive step, needs improved protections for domestic workers' rights, including greater transparency about recruitment and placement charges, and detailed provisions on working conditions such as weekly rest days. In a country well-known for strictly enforcing laws to promote order and efficiency, the failure to provide adequate and equal protection to an entire class of workers is an anomaly and undermines the rule of law. In cooperation with labor-sending countries and international bodies such as the International Labor Organization, Singapore should undertake immediate and effective reforms to end these abuses. Singapore has a choice. It can become a standard-setter in the region for labor-receiving countries. Or it can settle for second-best solutions that fail to address the roots of abuses against migrant domestic workers. This report is based on several months of research including field research in Singapore in February, March, and November 2005. Human Rights Watch conducted sixty-five in-depth interviews with migrant domestic workers, reviewed the case files of twenty-five migrant domestic workers, and held focus groups and informal interviews with dozens more. These interviews took place at shelters and skills-training programs; in parks, shopping centers, and places of worship on domestic workers' days off; and at employment agencies. We also interviewed more than fifty representatives from Singapore's Ministry of Manpower, employment agents, employers, and private nongovernmental and faith-based organizations. All names of domestic workers cited in this report have been changed to protect their identity. Many employment agents and service providers also spoke with us on condition of anonymity, and their names have also been withheld. This is Human Rights Watch's ninth report on abuses against domestic workers, including both children and adults. We have also documented abuses in El Salvador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Kuwait, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Togo, and the United States. Key Recommendations Human Rights Watch urges the Singapore government to: Provide equal and comprehensive legal protection to migrant domestic workers by: Amending the Employment Act and Workmen's Compensation Act to provide equal protection to domestic workers. Establishing and periodically reviewing a national minimum wage to address domestic workers' vulnerability to wage exploitation. The National Wages Council should also investigate and recommend policies that promote equal pay for equal work in the domestic work sector. Creating a standard contract that protects migrant domestic workers' rights in accordance with national provisions in the Employment Act and international labor standards. Enforce policies that help prevent abusive practices such as exorbitant debt payments to employment agencies, forced labor, and forced confinement by: Increasing enforcement of the Employment Agencies Act to ensure compliance with caps on agency fees. Implementing policies so that migrant domestic workers do not spend several months working off their debts with little or no pay, a situation that fosters a range of human rights abuses. The government should look to the Philippines and Hong Kong, who require employers to pay for round-trip airfare and most expenses associated with recruitment and placement, including those now covered by private loans in Singapore. The government should consider adjusting the monthly levy to offset the cost to employers. Abolishing the S$5,000 [U.S.$2,950] security bond. Prosecuting employers who confine domestic workers to the workplace. Permitting migrant domestic workers to reside in independent living quarters. Create and improve mechanisms to prevent, monitor, and respond to abuse of migrant domestic workers by: Inspecting workplace conditions and employment agencies regularly. Withdrawing accreditation powers from the Association of Employment Agencies in Singapore (AEAS) and CaseTrust and creating a new accreditation body for employment agencies with more comprehensive standards. The body should include representatives from employment agencies, consumer rights organizations, domestic workers' rights organizations, the Ministry of Manpower, and labor-sending countries. Creating helpdesks at the airport and main police stations with staff fluent in the primary languages spoken by migrant workers. Improving training for the police and immigration authorities to respond to abuse of migrant domestic workers. Conducting exit interviews with domestic workers when they are returning home to ensure they have been paid and to provide an opportunity to report any abuse. Sign and ratify the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Migrant Workers Convention). The governments of Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, India, and other sending countries should: Improve protections for citizens working in Singapore by: Improving victim services at embassies and diplomatic missions in Singapore and providing resources including adequate staffing, access to legal aid, health care, trauma counseling, and shelter. Keeping a section of embassies and diplomatic missions open on Sunday, the day many migrant workers have off, and supporting skills training programs, and recreation and cultural centers for domestic workers. Regulate and monitor labor recruitment agencies and migrant worker training centers in their countries by: Regulating labor agencies and migrant worker training centers, and more clearly defining standards for fees, minimum health and safety conditions, and workers' freedom of movement. Labor agencies and agents who violate these regulations should face substantial penalties. Establishing mechanisms for regular and independent monitoring of labor agencies, including unannounced inspections. Accreditation bodies and employment agencies should: Contribute to the creation of safe and just working conditions for migrant domestic workers by: Implementing a standard employment contract that establishes detailed protections on wages, hours of work, weekly rest days, salary deductions, and other terms of employment according to national provisions in the Employment Act and international labor standards. Creating recommended pay scales according to work experience and other qualifications, such as education. Abolish discriminatory policies that determine entry-level wages according to nationality rather than work experience, education, or other relevant criteria. Reporting cases of employer abuse to the Ministry of Manpower, the police, embassies, and accreditation bodies. Before placing a replacement domestic worker with an employer accused of abuse, agencies should exercise due diligence. A1 - Human Rights Watch,  Y1 - 2005/12/05/ KW - Singapore KW - Abuse KW - Domestic migrant workers UR - http://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/12/06/maid-order Y2 - 2013-03-30 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Labor migration in Asia: Protection of migrant workers, support services and enhancing development benefits CY - Geneva, Switzerland PB - International Organization for Migration N2 - Three countries, Pakistan, the Philippines and Sri Lanka are used as case studies in this book. The book will examine legal and structural frameworks for regulating recruitment activities, licensing and supervision of agencies, monitoring of recruitment agencies, processing and documentation of workers, benchmarks for fixing minimum standards of overseas employment contracts, role of private recruitment agencies in labor migration, regulation and mechanisms for regulating recruitment of vulnerable workers, malpractice by private recruitment agencies, malpractice by employers, illegal recruitment and unlawful emigration, redress for violation of rights of migrant workers, efforts at enforcing minimum standards in Employment contracts, other mechanism t check abuses by recruitment agencies and good practices and lessons learned on regulation o recruitment. Y1 - 2005/// KW - Role of recruitment agencies KW - malpractice of recruitment agencies and employers KW - contracts improvement UR - http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/published_docs/books/labour_migration_asia.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-02 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Human rights and migrant domestic work a comparative analysis of the socio-legal status of Filipina migrant domestic workers in Canada and Hong Kong N1 - [ressource électronique] : by Maria Deanna P. Santos. fichier PDF In MyiLibrary / Coutts (Blitz-Mels mai 2010). Versement en lot. Reproduction électronique. UK : MyiLibrary, 2007. CY - Leiden ; Boston PB - Martinus Nijhoff Publishers N2 - On a general level, this research project concerns ways in which the domestic and international laws relating to the situation of migrant domestic workers (MDWs) are shaped by broader socio-political and economic factors. More specifically, this dissertation examines the human rights situation of Filipina MDWs who participate in Canada’s Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). It attempts to meet these objectives, in part, by undertaking a limited comparison of the situation of these Filipina MDWs and the Filipina MDWs in Hong Kong. The comparison is meant to further test and validate the arguments and proposals presented in this dissertation regarding the socio-legal status of Filipina MDWs under Canada’s LCP. This is done through an analysis of existing data on Filipina MDWs, and a consideration of the ways in which the relevant laws and policies in these two jurisdictions affect, create and/or perpetrate the status quo in this area of social life. The main explanatory theoretical framework that is deployed is the Third World Approaches to International Law (the TWAIL theory). (From http://www.brill.nl/human-rights-and-migrant-domestic-work) A1 - Santos, Maria Deanna P. Y1 - 2005/// UR - http://www.myilibrary.com?id=86851 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Acute shortage of caregivers in Canada PB - Bureau of Working Conditions, Republic of the Philippines, Department of Labour and Employment N2 - President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Philippines) and Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin had a one-on-one meeting at the 21 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation's (APEC) Annual Summit in Santiago. The Filipinos hope they talked about the conditions of the domestic workers in Canada towards a better protection of their rights. The Community Alliance for Social Justice made recommandations to the canadian government to change the LCP including: 1) granting immediate permanent residence status to caregivers; 2) making the live-in requirement with employers optional; 3) regulating and monitoring recruitment and employment; and 4) increasing support for immigrant and caregiver rights groups. A1 - Bureau of Working Conditions, Republic of the Philippines, Department of Labour and Employment,  Y1 - 2004/11/20/ KW - Domestic Workers KW - Philippines KW - work conditions KW - rights KW - Filipinos KW - protection ER - TY - RPRT T1 - "Bad Dreams:" Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia IS - E1605 PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - "It was like a bad dream" is the way one migrant worker from the Philippines summed up his experiences in Saudi Arabia. Another worker, from Bangladesh, told us: "I slept many nights beside the road and spent many days without food. It was a painful life. I could not explain that life." A woman in a village in India, whose son was beheaded following a secret trial, could only say this: "We have no more tears, our tears have all dried up." She deferred to her husband to provide the account of their son's imprisonment and execution in Jeddah. It is undeniable that many foreigners employed in the kingdom, in jobs from the most menial to the highest skilled, have returned home with no complaints. But for the women and men who were subjected to abysmal and exploitative working conditions, sexual violence, and human rights abuses in the criminal justice system, Saudi Arabia represented a personal nightmare. In 1962, then-King Faisal abolished slavery in Saudi Arabia by royal decree. Over forty years later, migrant workers in the purportedly modern society that the kingdom has become continue to suffer extreme forms of labor exploitation that sometimes rise to slavery-like conditions. Their lives are further complicated by deeply rooted gender, religious, and racial discrimination. This provides the foundation for prejudicial public policy and government regulations, shameful practices of private employers, and unfair legal proceedings that yield judicial sentences of the death penalty. The overwhelming majority of the men and women who face these realities in Saudi Arabia are low-paid workers from Asia, Africa, and countries in the Middle East. This report gives voice to some of their stories. It is based on information gathered from migrant workers and their families in mud brick houses off dirt roads in tropical agricultural areas of southwest India, in apartments in densely packed neighborhoods of metropolitan Manila, and in simple dwellings in rural villages of Bangladesh. The victims include skilled and unskilled workers; Muslims, Hindus, and Christians; young adults traveling outside their home countries for the first time; and married men, and single and divorced women, with children to support. In Saudi Arabia, these workers delivered dairy products, cleaned government hospitals, repaired water pipes, collected garbage, and poured concrete. Some of them baked bread and worked in restaurants; others were butchers, barbers, carpenters, and plumbers. Women migrants cleaned, cooked, cared for children, worked in beauty salons, and sewed custom-made dresses and gowns. Unemployed or underemployed in their countries of origin, and often impoverished, these men and women sought only the opportunity to earn wages and thus improve the economic situation for themselves and their families. This report is the first comprehensive examination of the variety of human rights abuses that foreign workers experience in Saudi Arabia. The voices of these migrants provide a window into a country whose hereditary, unelected rulers continue to choose secrecy over transparency at the expense of justice. The stories in this report illustrate why so many migrant workers, including Muslims, return to their home countries deeply aggrieved by the lack of equality and due process of law in the kingdom. In an important sense, this report is an indictment of unscrupulous private employers and sponsors as well as Saudi authorities, including interior ministry interrogators and shari'a court judges, who operate without respect for the rule of law and the inherent dignity of all men and women, irrespective of gender, race, and religion. Some of the most frightening and troubling findings of the report concern mistreatment of women migrant workers, both in the workplace and in Saudi prisons. The report also provides an intimate view of the workings of Saudi Arabia's criminal justice system, through the eyes of migrant workers with first-hand experience of its significant flaws. And it is the families and friends of migrants who were beheaded, pursuant to judicial rulings, who describe how Saudi authorities kept them and consular officials in the dark until well after the executions were carried out. The mortal remains of these victims were not returned to their families, who until now have no information about what happened to the bodies. Labor Exploitation Each chapter of this report includes testimonies from migrant workers who entered the kingdom legally, in full compliance with Saudi government regulations. Many of them paid hefty sums of money to manpower recruitment agencies in their home countries to secure legal employment visas, often assuming substantial debt or selling property to finance the cost. Once in the kingdom, they found themselves at the mercy of legal sponsors and de facto employers who had the power to impose oppressive working conditions on them, with effective government oversight clearly lacking. Unaware of their rights, or afraid to complain for fear of losing their jobs, the majority of these workers simply endured gross labor exploitation. To cite only a few examples, we interviewed migrant workers from Bangladesh who were forced to work ten to twelve hours a day, and sometimes throughout the night without overtime pay, repairing underground water pipes for the municipality of Tabuk. They were not paid salaries for the first two months and had to borrow money from compatriots to purchase food. An Indian migrant said that he was was paid $133 a month for working an average of sixteen hours daily in Ha'il. A migrant from the Philippines said that he worked sixteen to eighteen hours a day at a restaurant in Hofuf, leaving him so exhausted that, he told us, he "felt mentally retarded." The employer of a migrant from Bangladesh, who worked as a butcher in Dammam, forced him to leave the kingdom with six months of his salary unpaid. Women Migrant Workers Some women workers that we interviewed were still traumatized from rape and sexual abuse at the hands of Saudi male employers, and could not narrate their accounts without anger or tears. Accustomed to unrestricted freedom of movement in their home countries, these and other women described to us locked doors and gates in Riyadh, Jeddah, Medina, and Dammam that kept them virtual prisoners in workshops, private homes, and the dormitory-style housing that labor subcontracting companies provided to them. Living in forced confinement and extreme isolation made it difficult or impossible for these women to call for help, escape situations of exploitation and abuse, and seek legal redress. We learned that hundreds of low-paid Asian women who cleaned hospitals in Jeddah worked twelve-hour days, without food or a break, and were confined to locked dormitories during their time off. Skilled seamstresses from the Philippines told us that they were not permitted to leave the women's dress shop in Medina where they worked twelve-hour days, and were forbidden to speak more than a few words to customers and the Saudi owners. Many women employed as domestic workers in cities throughout the kingdom reported that they worked twelve hours or more daily. Most of them also lived in around-the-clock confinement, at the decision of their private employers, cut off from the outside world. One woman from the Philippines, whose employers in Dammamdid not provide her with sufficient food, described how she enlisted help from the family's Indian driver, to whom she was forbidden to speak. She told us that she wrote lists of what she needed and threw them out the window to the driver. He made the purchases, and "delivered" them to her by tossing the packages onto the roof of the house, where she retrieved them. Another Filipina, who also worked for a family in Dammam, said that she constantly watched the locked front gate of the house, waiting for an opportunity to escape after her male employer raped her in June 2003. Human Rights Abuses in the Criminal Justice System Some migrant workers experienced shocking treatment in Saudi Arabia's criminal justice system. For those migrants who were executed following unfair trials that lacked any form of transparency, it was their still-grieving families who provided us with pertinent information. In many cases, the condemned men did not know that they had been sentenced to death, and their embassies were only informed after the fact. "No advance information is given to us before beheading of Indians," an Indian diplomat said in a television interview in 2003. "We generally get the information after the execution from local newspapers." In cases of execution documented in this report, the bodies were not returned to the families, and relatives told Human Rights Watch that they received no official information about the location in Saudi Arabia of the mortal remains. An undetermined number of foreigners have been sentenced to death in the kingdom and are now awaiting execution. Details of their trials, and the evidence presented to convict them, are treated as closely held state secrets. Saudi Arabia continues to flaunt its treaty obligations under international and domestic law. Consular officials have not been notified promptly of the arrests of their nationals. Criminal suspects are not informed of their rights under the law. Interrogators from the ministry of interior torture suspects with impunity, behind the curtain of prolonged incommunicado detention, in the quest for confessions whose veracity is tenuous at best. Migrant workers told Human Rights Watch of how they were forced to sign confession statements that they could not read, under the threat of additional torture. A twenty-three-year-old Indian tailor described two days of beatings in police custody. On the third day, his interrogators gave him two pages handwritten in Arabic and instructed him to sign his name three times on each page. "I was so afraid that I did not dare ask what the papers were, or what was written on them," he said. Migrants' accounts of their trials before shari'a courts provide evidence of a legal system that is out of sync with internationally accepted norms of due process. No one we interviewed had access to legal assistance before their trials, and no legal representation when they appeared in the courtroom. One Indian migrant worker told us about a judge who repeatedly called him a liar when he answered questions during his trial. A worker from the Philippines, who was imprisoned for five years before he was brought before a court for the first time, described how a judge sentenced him to 350 lashes because his interrogators had extracted a false confession. The judge justified this corporal punishment because the coerced confession, obtained under threats and torture, was untrue. Interviews with women migrants in the women's prison in Riyadh indicated that most of them had not been informed of their rights, had no understanding of the legal basis for their arrest or the status of their cases, and had no access to lawyers or other forms of legal assistance. The Need for Government Action The stories narrated in this report underscore the pressing need for the government of Saudi Arabia to recognize that its laws and regulations facilitate the exploitation and abuse of vulnerable migrant workers, and reform its laws and practices accordingly. Some major recommendations are highlighted below, and a full range of recommendations, to Saudi government officials and actors in the international community, is presented in Chapter IX. One of the most tragic aspects of the situation is that many migrants silently accept the exploitation and deprivation of their rights because they view themselves as powerless and without effective remedy. These workers arrive in Saudi Arabia ignorant or only vaguely informed about the rights they have under existing Saudi law and the actions they can take when inequities and mistreatment occur. This is a problem that their own governments could address, in part, by way of substantive and effective education before these workers depart for the kingdom. But the government of Saudi Arabia has the primary responsibility to promote and protect the rights of the country's large migrant worker population in a much more aggressive and public manner, consistent with its obligations under international law. Authorities should provide a clear enumeration of the specific rights that migrant workers are entitled to enjoy under the kingdom's laws and regulations. They should spell out the specific legal duties of sponsors and employers, provide a comprehensive list of practices that are illegal, and offer detailed instructions about how and where migrant workers can report abuses. This information should be practical, not theoretical. It should draw on specific abuses that migrants are most likely to face, such as those described in this report, and provide authoritative comments and advice. The information should be translated into the languages of the countries of origin of migrant workers, and provided to every worker on his or her arrival in the kingdom as a routine matter of immigration practice. The government should also identify additional means to communicate this information to migrant communities throughout the kingdom as a further demonstration of its commitment to greater protection of their rights. Saudi authorities must also recognize that many migrant workers are simply too afraid to report abusive treatment for fear of alienating sponsors or de facto employers, inviting retaliatory punishment, and losing their jobs. Government officials must take steps to communicate directly with migrant workers in the kingdom – using all available means, including broadcast as well as print media – to provide assurances that no one will be rendered jobless and summarily deported for complaining about illegal practices and abusive working conditions. The Saudi government says that it plans to reduce the number of foreign workers by 50 percent over the next decade.1 This objective does not lessen the urgent need for the state to remedy the exploitation of migrant workers who are now in the kingdom and to end discriminatory practices that severely circumscribe their rights under Saudi law. Even if the government's planned downsizing is achieved within ten years, the kingdom will still be required under domestic and international law to protect the rights of those migrant workers who remain. If Saudi authorities do not take serious steps to address the patterns of abuse of migrant workers, the issue will continue to be a subject of investigation and scrutiny, on the agendas of international human rights organizations, nongovernmental migrant rights groups in countries of origin, and coalitions of women's rights and human rights organizations in the Muslim world and elsewhere. There is public sentiment in the kingdom, and elsewhere in the Gulf region, sympathetic to the plight of migrant workers. No less than the kingdom's highest Muslim religious authority, Grand Mufti Sheikh Abdul Aziz Al Sheikh, has already acknowledged that migrants suffer "exploitation and oppression."2 His comments, published in 2002 in the Saudi daily al-Madinah, included the observation that "Islam does not permit oppressing workers, regardless of religion ... .As we ask them to perform their duty, we must fulfill our duty and comply with the terms of the contract." The Grand Mufti criticized intimidation of migrant workers, and said that it was "illegal and a form of dishonesty" to withhold their salaries or delay payment of wages under threat of deportation. He counseled that Islam prohibits "blackmailing and threatening [foreign] laborers with deportation if they refuse the employers' terms which breach the contract." Another example comes from the neighboring island nation of Bahrain, where the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), a nongovernmental organization, is campaigning for greater protection of women domestic workers. A BCHR official in 2003 described these women as "the most abused of the workforce," and charged that the government was not doing enough "to break the chain of exploitation that binds them." The group urged civil society organizations in Bahrain, including women's rights groups, to take up the issue.3 Methodology The testimonies in this report were obtained from interviews with migrant workers in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines who had returned from Saudi Arabia, some of them as recently as December 2003. Human Rights Watch was forced to research this subject from outside Saudi Arabia because, as of this writing, the kingdom remains closed to investigators from international human rights organizations. We selected Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines for field research for several reasons. First, the migrant workers from these three countries are among the largest expatriate communities in Saudi Arabia. In 2003, the Saudi government estimated that there were one million to 1.5 million Indians in the kingdom and the same number of Bangladeshis. The Philippines government reported in the same year that over 900,000 of its citizens lived and worked in the kingdom. Second, these countries provided the diversity that we sought among interviewees: the workers whose accounts appear in this report include Muslims from Bangladesh, Hindus and Muslims from India, and Christians and Muslims from the Philippines. We found migrants from Bangladesh the least educated; they typically were unskilled younger men from rural villages whose salaries in Saudi Arabia were the lowest we recorded. We interviewed Indian migrants in cities, towns, and rural agricultural villages of Kerala, the small southwestern state of about 33 million people located on India's Malabar coast between the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The Keralite migrants generally had more schooling than their Bangladeshi counterparts and worked in a broader range of skilled and unskilled jobs. Migrants from the Philippines had the highest education levels, including women with some college education who earned $200 a month as domestic workers in the kingdom. Most of the Filipino male migrants whom we interviewed were skilled workers, ranging from mechanics to engineers, who commanded the highest comparative salaries. Despite this diverse mix of migrant workers, we documented surprisingly similar problems that cut across gender, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic lines, including a pattern of human rights abuse in the kingdom's criminal justice system. The subjects covered in this report make clear that comprehensive documentation of the conditions facing migrant workers in Saudi Arabia would be best served by conducting the research in the kingdom. In addition to the value of being able to speak directly with officials, sponsors, and employers, such research would allow us to meet with some of the thousands of migrant men and women in the kingdom's prisons and deportation centers whose stories need to be heard and told. An undetermined number of migrant workers have been sentenced to death and are awaiting execution. Independent human rights investigators should be permitted to talk to them about their interrogations and trials. There are also over thirty government labor offices throughout the kingdom where some workers file complaints against abusive employers, as well as "safe houses" where abused migrants are sheltered. In this report, we have changed the names of the migrant workers whom we interviewed, based on concern for their safety, should they decide to return to Saudi Arabia, and for the security of their relatives who were working in the kingdom at the time we conducted our interviews. The full names of these men and women are on file at Human Rights Watch. The only exception to this rule is cases of migrant workers who were executed or who have been sentenced to death. In such cases, their real names are provided. *** As of this writing, discussions were ongoing between Human Rights Watch and the Saudi government about access to the kingdom for the purpose of human rights research. We had access as an organization only once, in January 2003. During this visit, which was limited to two weeks, our representatives met in Riyadh with numerous senior government officials as well as Saudi lawyers, journalists, academics, other professionals, and members of the 120-member consultative council (majlis al-shura). But the terms of reference for this visit did not include field research. Without such access, Saudi Arabia remains on our list of closed countries for the purpose of human rights research. The alternative methodology used to prepare this report should indicate to the Saudi government that – despite the additional time and expense – Human Rights Watch is prepared to document human rights abuses, even if access to the kingdom is denied. Our strong preference, however, is to work in a more open and direct manner, with the active cooperation of the government. We hope that senior Saudi officials will see the merits of this approach and open the kingdom's doors to researchers from Human Rights Watch and other international human rights groups. Key Recommendations The most recent information from Saudi Arabia's ministry of labor indicates that expatriates in the kingdom total 8.8 million men and women, a significant number, given that the indigenous population is an estimated 18 million (see Chapter I). This report provides extensive documentation of the varieties of labor exploitation and human rights abuses that foreign workers face in the kingdom. The significant size of Saudi Arabia's expatriate population, and the serious nature of the problems that they often encounter, necessitate bold and innovative remedial actions from the government. The detailed recommendations of Human Rights Watch – to the government of Saudi Arabia, its various ministries, and other concerned international and regional parties – are presented in Chapter IX of the report. Among our key recommendations to the government of Saudi Arabia are the following: (1) Initiate an independent, thorough, and public national inquiry into the situation of migrant workers in the kingdom. Saudi authorities have never comprehensively and publicly assessed the realities that many migrant workers in the kingdom face. As a result, there is limited official and public awareness of the nature and scope of the problem. Accordingly, Human Rights Watch urges that His Royal Highness Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, First Deputy Prime Minister and Commander of the National Guard, should appoint an independent and impartial Royal Commission to investigate and report on the serious problems and abuses that migrant women and men in the kingdom face on a daily basis. As part of the commission's mandate, it should hold public hearings in all major cities throughout the kingdom. Migrant workers, and their families and advocates, should be invited to give testimony at these hearings, as should regional and international nongovernmental organizations with expertise on migrant workers issues and rights. The commission should be required by law to complete its inquiry within a defined period of time, and make its findings and recommendations public. (2) Take immediate action to inform all migrant workers in the kingdom of their rights under Saudi and international law. This report makes clear that large numbers of migrant workers are unaware of the rights that they have under existing law. Because such workers typically face language barriers and live in the kingdom for only a few years at a time, more concerted government efforts are necessary to inform them of their rights. Accordingly, we call on the government to promulgate by royal decree an enforceable "bill of rights" for migrant workers. It should be publicized widely in the kingdom, using print and broadcast media and other means of public outreach. The decree should be issued simultaneously in Arabic and all the languages of the countries of origin of the major migrant worker communities in the kingdom. This "bill of rights" should delineate, in a comprehensive and comprehensible manner, all the rights that are granted to migrant workers under the kingdom's laws and regulations. It should serve as a practical educational tool for workers and employers alike, and clarify legal and other ambiguities that lead to abusive treatment. (3) Impose significant penalties on Saudi employers and sponsors who exploit migrant workers and place them at risk. Pursuant to Saudi Arabia's international legal obligations, the use of forced or compulsory labor should be a specifically defined criminal offense under domestic law. In addition, substantial penalties should be imposed on employers who withhold the passports and residency permits of migrant workers, and those who charge illegal fees for official immigration documents. (4) Make domestic labor-law protections inclusive. One shortcoming that Saudi authorities should address urgently is the absence of legal protections for women and men employed in domestic service and agricultural work in the kingdom. Such individuals are excluded even from the flawed and limited labor protections currently in force under Saudi law. The protections of the kingdom's labor law should extend to all migrant workers, irrespective of their gender and job descriptions, however menial such jobs may be considered. (5) End the forced confinement of women migrant workers. The executive branch of government and consultative council (majlis al-shoura) should take immediate legislative steps to ensure that no migrant woman worker is held against her will at places of private or public employment and residence. Regulations to this effect should be promulgated as an urgent matter, and widely publicized to the Saudi public, using all print, broadcast, and other media. These regulations should impose substantial penalties on employers who continue the practice, and provide fair and equal compensation to the victims, commensurate with the length and severity of their confinement. (6) End the imprisonment of women and children for "illegal" pregnancies. End as an urgent matter the arrest and imprisonment of migrant and Saudi women and children who become pregnant voluntarily or because they were victims of sexual violence. Women and children currently in prison should be immediately released, and provided with social and other supportive services as required. (7) Address as an urgent matter the serious flaws in the kingdom's criminal justice system. The arrest and detention practices of the ministry of interior should be brought into immediate conformity withprovisions of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Anyone arrested as a criminal suspect in the kingdom should be informed of his or her rights under the kingdom's laws, including those set forth and guaranteed in the new criminal procedure code. This information should be provided orally and in writing, in languages that all suspects can understand. Effective judicial oversight of interior ministry personnel is urgently needed. Authorities should take immediate steps to ensure judicial supervision of the investigation of all criminal suspects, for the purpose of ending such practices as abusive interrogations, torture, and coerced confessions. Authorities should also make public detailed information about all persons, Saudi citizens and foreigners alike, who have been sentenced to death in the kingdom and are awaiting execution. The implementation of all death sentences should be suspended until it can be determined independently that the defendants were not tortured and their confessions were not coerced. A1 - Human Rights Watch,  Y1 - 2004/07/14/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Exploitation UR - http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,HRW,,SAU,412ef32a4,0.html Y2 - 2013-03-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Female Sri Lankan Domestic Workers in Lebanon: A Case of 'Contract Slavery'? IS - 4 PB - Carfax Publishing N2 - Since the early 1990s, there has been a large influx of Sri Lankan women into Lebanon, serving primarily as domestic labour households. The Sri Lankan government, as with other countries, has actively encouraged the 'export' of domestic labour as it has become the largest single source of foreign revenue for the country. As part of the feminisation of international migration and trafficking in human labour, both the employment relations and social status of these women leave them extremely vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. it is argued in this paper that most Sri Lankan domestic workers fall under the category of 'contract slavery', given the legal and employment conditions which they face. The analysis of 70 interviews with Sri Lankan women in Lebanon reveals their living conditions, how they are treated by their employers, and how the legal and administrative arrangements of these workers have facilitated the poor conditions and entrapment which many encounter. A1 - Jureidini, Ray A1 - Moukarbel, Nayla Y1 - 2004/07/01/ KW - Domestic Worker; Female Migrants; Contract Slavery; Sri Lankan Migration; Lebanon JA - Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies VL - 30 SP - 581 M2 - 581 SP - 581-607 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Le Programme des aides familiaux résidants - Son impact sur les femmes philippines au Canada N2 - L'article décrit le Programme des aides familiaux résidants institué en 1992 par Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada (CIC). Il s'agit d'un programme d'immigration du gouvernement canadien drainant plusieurs femmes de pays sous-développés et majoritairement des Philippines. Celles-ci ont la possibilité d'obtenir le statut d'immigrante reçue après avoir travaillé 24 mois comme aide familialerésidante dans une période de 3 ans. Selon l'article, il s'agit d'une ségrégation des femmes philippines comme main-d'oeuvre bon marché contribuant au cycle de pauvreté de la communauté philippine au Canada. Le programme devient de plus en plus régressif et exploitant avec la mondialisation corporative. A1 - Solidarity Across Borders,  Y1 - 2004/// KW - Philippines KW - Exploitation KW - domestique KW - PAFR KW - abus JA - Solidarité sans frontières SP - 7 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Le statut juridique des migrants admis à des fins d'emploi : une étude comparative de la législation et des pratiques dans les états européens sélectionés N1 - Ryszard Cholewinski. tab. ; 30 cm. Publié également en anglais sous le titre: The legal status of migrants admitted for employment. "Comité d'experts sur le statut juridique et les droits des immigrés" CY - Strasbourg PB - Éd. du Conseil de l'Europe A1 - Cholewinski, Ryszard I. Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://book.coe.int/FR/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=FR&produit_aliasid=1862 Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transnational Migration and the Commodification of Im/migrant Female Labourers in Canada N2 - While economic liberalism has produced a mobile transnational labour force, it has also created a process that concentrates im/migrant female labourers in Canada in a deregulated, exploitative work environment. This paper investigates the processes of various forms of commodification originating from Canada's Live-in-Caregiver Program (LCP) & shows that the accelerated de-skilling of female domestic workers through the LCP has paved the way for the partial commodifcation of these labourers. The paper undertakes an analysis of macroprocesses within a political economy theoretical framework & reviews migration from theoretical & feminist perspectives. By examining race, class & gender dynamics in transnational migration, I demonstrate the processes involved in the commodifying of im/migrant women workers in Canada, that turn them into what some label as "feudal indentured labourers.". 59 References. Adapted from the source document. A1 - Zaman, Habiba Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.csj.ualberta.ca/iec-csi/index.php/revue-internationale-d-etudes-canadiennes/ Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue internationale d'etudes canadiennes VL - 29 SP - 41 M2 - 41 SP - 41-61 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domestic workers and caregivers' rights: the impact changes to B.C.'s employment standards regulation.(British Columbia) IS - 3-4 A1 - Tumolva, Cecilia A1 - Tomledan, Darla Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpi.library.yorku.ca%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fcws%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F6252%2F5440&ei=kWxlUvLQCtDC4AO20oDABQ&usg=AFQjCNGk242Delv5cAZTDi_7mZHWxa3AFg&bvm=bv.54934254,d.dmg Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 23 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Another look at the Live-in Caregivers Program: An Analysis of an Action Research Survey Conducted by PINAY, the Quebec Filipino Women’s Association With The Centre for Applied Family Studies IS - 24 CY - Montréal PB - Centre Metropolis du Québec - Immigration et métropoles A1 - Oxman-Martinez, Jacqueline A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Cheung, Leslie Y1 - 2004/// JA - Publications IM ER - TY - BOOK T1 - In search of work : international migration of women in Latin America and the Caribbean : selected bibliography N1 - Silke Staab. 28 cm. CY - Santiago de Chile PB - Naciones Unidas, CEPAL = ECLAC, Women and Development Unit N2 - This selected bibliography on the international migration of women in Latin America and the Caribbean in search of work was compiled as part of the project “Gender oriented labour market policy”, which is being implemented by the Women and UDevelopment Unit of ECLAC with the support of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). The project focuses on the labour market, as one of the spheres where the inequality and discrimination that affect the region’s women is most clearly evident, and where regulations currently in place curtail women’s economic and social rights and prevent them from exercising full citizenship. The main goals of the project are to promote the implementation of measures in favour of gender equality in labour market policies, in the current context of economic policies —in both the national and domestic arenas—, while also strengthening the capacity for dialogue, negotiation and consensus on the issue among national mechanisms concerned with women’s advancement, Labour Ministries, and other institutional actors in government and civil society. In addition, the project provides for the development of technical instruments aimed at facilitating improved exchange and dissemination of information on various aspects that influence women’s economic behaviour. This bibliography is in line with these aims. Globalization is currently characterized by economic liberalization, changing production modes of and labour-market flexibility, among other features. These processes have an impact on women’s lives, especially those of the poorest women, encouraging them to migrate in search of jobs which do not exist in their original place of residence. A1 - Staab, Silke Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/1/14751/lcl2028i.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - THES T1 - Human rights and migrant domestic work: A comparative analysis of the socio-legal status of Filipina migrant domestic workers in Canada and Hong Kong CY - Canada PB - York University (Canada) N2 - On a general level, this research project concerns ways in which the domestic and international laws relating to the situation of migrant domestic workers (MDWs) are shaped by broader socio-political and economic factors. More specifically, this dissertation examines the human rights situation of Filipina MDWs who participate in Canada's Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). It attempts to meet these objectives, in part, by undertaking a limited comparison of the situation of these Filipina MDWs and the Filipina MDWs in Hong Kong. The comparison is meant to further test and validate the arguments and proposals presented in this dissertation regarding the socio-legal status of Filipina MDWs under Canada's LCP. This was done through an analysis of existing data on Filipina MDWs, and a consideration of the ways in which the relevant laws and policies in these two jurisdictions affect, create and/or perpetrate the status quo in this area of social life. The main explanatory theoretical framework that is deployed is the Third World Approaches to International Law or the TWAIL theory. Among the findings of this research is that the ill-treatment of Filipina MDWs in Canada and Hong Kong is sanctioned by migrant domestic worker policies designed to fill the need for cheaper alternatives to state-sponsored childcare and home support services. The ill-treatment does not necessarily consist solely of physical or psychological abuse, but is also manifested in the systemic exploitation of MDWs from poor, third world countries. This systemic exploitation of MDWs from poor, third world countries such as the Philippines to richer countries of employment, is best explained by a colonial type of extractive relations, the various implications of which are most effectively analyzed using the TWAIL framework. Thus, the most appropriate remedies to ameliorate the current situation are those which take into careful consideration this extractive relationship and which are geared towards ensuring a more equitable international socio-economic and political scenario among countries of origin and countries of employment in particular and throughout the whole world in general. A1 - Santos, Maria Deanna P. Y1 - 2004/// T2 - Law SP - 260 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A review of migration issues in Pakistan CY - Dhaka, Bangladesh PB - Collective for Social Science Research N2 - This paper aims to provide a strategic overview of issues relating to migration and poverty in Pakistan. According to 1998 census records, some 10 million people, or 8% of the population of Pakistan, consisted of internal or international migrants. Savings remitted by Pakistani migrants abroad constitute the largest single source of foreign exchange earnings for the country. In the early 1980s, this flow was equivalent to 10% of GNP. Currently, remittances are US$2.4 billion, or 4% of the GNP. A1 - Gandar, Haris Y1 - 2003/// KW - remittance KW - Migration issues KW - poverty in Pakistan KW - internal and international migrants UR - http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0903/Dhaka_CP_4.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-02 T2 - Development and Pro-poor Policy Choices in Asia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Creating Perfect Immigrants: Guestworkers of the World in Historical Perspective IS - 1 A1 - Hahamovitch, Cindy Y1 - 2003/// UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0023656032000057010 Y2 - 2011-08-05 JA - Labor History VL - 44 SP - 69 M2 - 69 SP - 69-94 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - La Loi sur les normes de travail, version améliorée A1 - Francoeur, Florent Y1 - 2003/01/25/ JA - La Presse SP - 8 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Negociating Citizenship: Migrant Women in Canada and the Global System CY - Houndmills PB - Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan N2 - While the designated rights of capital to travel freely across borders have increased under neo-liberal globalization, the citizenship rights of many people, particularly the most vulnerable, have tended to decline. Using Canada as an example of a major recipient state of international migrants, Negotiating Citizenship considers how migrant women workers from two settings in the global South–the West Indies and the Philippines–have attempted to negotiate citizenship across the global citizenship divide. Daiva K. Stasiulis and Abigail B. Bakan challenge traditional liberal and post-national theories of citizenship with a number of approaches: historical documentary analyses, investigation of the political economy of the sending states, interviews with migrant live-in caregivers and nurses, legal analyses of domestic worker case law, and analysis of social movement politics. Negotiating Citizenship demonstrates that the transnational character of migrants' lives–their migration and labour strategies, family households, and political practices–offer important challenges to inequitable and exclusionary aspects of contemporary nation-state citizenship. (source: http://www.amazon.ca/Negotiating-Citizenship-Migrant-Canada-Global/dp/0802079156 ) A1 - Bakan, Abiagail B. A1 - Stasiulis, Daiva K. Y1 - 2003/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/Negotiating-Citizenship-Migrant-Canada-Global/dp/0802079156 Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - International Labor migration institutions of Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka in Ferment the Philippines as Catalyst CY - Dhaka, Bangladesh PB - International Organization for Migration (IOM) N2 - International labor migration is an age old phenomenon. Due to the profound economic political and social factors, inter alia, of rapid population growth in many developing countries, failing development plans, increasing urbanization and environmental degradation, the management of this phenomenon has become more complex in the face of new challenges brought about by globalization. To the extend that international organizations like the ILO, IOM have had to consign international labor migration concerns to the “back-burner” due to the dilemma wrought by its inherent characteristics and the complex and sensitive nature of national sovereignty. Moreover, countries who conform to certain international rules not because the abide by the principles attached to these rules but because it is within their interests to conform to them. Thus, many labor sending and receiving member states of the ILO have failed to ratify various ILO Conventions, despite the fact that these instruments are designed to promote universal norms and standards and to protect the interest of workers when employed in other countries. IOM Dhaka commissioned this study to compare the institutional capacity of Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and the Philippines only to realize that there were hardly any previous works done to provide a basis for such a comparison. The report strongly suggests that what happens within countries can turn out to be part of a much broader international process of political and economic change, that the unilateral decisions and actions of nations can influence events in the international arena in spite of the view of how international the world has become. It is further suggested that international labor migration institutions need more practical assistance than the rhetoric of intentions that past studies and manuals can provide. These countries need assistance in transforming the knowledge derived from studies into practical ways and means and for throughput processes to shepherd them through. All these are dealt with using the experience of the Philippines Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) to demonstrate how it managed to provide mechanisms to protect and promote the welfare of migrant of migrant workers despite the absence of international agreements and conventions. A1 - Achacoso, Tomas D Y1 - 2002/// KW - Fragmented Approach KW - Good governance KW - Bilateral labor arrangement KW - Policy making bodies KW - Intervention into actions UR - http://www.iom.org.bd/publications/11.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-03 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Are migrants chasing after the “Golden Deer”? CY - Dhaka, Bangladesh PB - Bengal Com-print N2 - The book is divided into 6 chapters. Chapter 1 is about international migration to labor-importing countries of Gulf Cooperation Countries. Chapter is about Contextual analysis of the flow of Bangladeshi workers to the Middle East and its-macro-economic impacts. Chapter 3 is about post migration situation analysis of migrant. Chapter 4 is about benefits and costs of working abroad. Chapter 5 is about remittance and development. Chapter 6 is about addressing policy issues. A1 - Yunus , Rita Afsar Mohammad A1 - Islam , A B M Shamsul Y1 - 2002/// KW - Development KW - remittance KW - Bangladesh KW - benefits and costs of migration KW - poverty UR - http://www.iom.org.bd/publications/3.pdf Y2 - 2012-10-29 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - PHILIPPINES: GOOD PRACTICES FOR THE PROTECTION OF FILIPINO WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS IN VULNERABLE JOBS N2 - This article is about overview of socio-economic context of overseas migration, general trends in migration, concerns and needs of women migrant workers. It analyzes the legislative framework relating to migration protection. It also examines the government migration policies and programmes. Finally, the paper also discusses about private and government initiatives protecting the welfare of migrant workers and their families. A1 - Villalba, Maria Angela “Mayan” C. Y1 - 2002/08/01/ KW - Philippines KW - Effective initiatives in Protecting women migrant workers UR - http://www.ilo.org/employment/Whatwedo/Publications/WCMS_117953/lang--en/index.htm Y2 - 2013-04-18 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Beyond the Confinement of Gender: Locating the Space of Legal Existence for Racialized Women CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press A1 - St Lewis, Joanne Y1 - 2002/// UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Women_s_legal_strategies_in_Canada.html?id=XGMienMpAaIC Y2 - 2011-07-28 T2 - Women's Legal Strategies in Canada SP - 306-332 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Globalization and the Domestic Worker.(Poem) IS - 4 A1 - Khalideen, Rosetta Y1 - 2002/// UR - http://find.galegroup.com/gtx/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-Documents&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28JN%2CNone%2C24%29%22Canadian+Woman+Studies%22%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28DA%2CNone%2C8%2920020322%24&sgHitCountType=None&inPS=true&sort=DateDescend&searchType=PublicationSearchForm&tabID=T002&prodId=CPI&searchId=R1&currentPosition=4&userGroupName=mont88738&docId=A93082982&docType=IAC Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - Canadian Women Studies VL - 21 SP - 17 M2 - 17 SP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immigrant and migrant workers in Canada: labour movements, racism and the expansion of globalization N1 - Not in File Magazine/Journal Refereed Gale PowerSearch Gale 2008/03/12 A1 - Sharma, Nandita Y1 - 2002/// UR - http://find.galegroup.com/ips/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=IPS&docId=A93082983&source=gale&srcprod=CPI&userGroupName=mont88738&version=1.0 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Le Métier d'aides familiales: à la recherche d'un salaire équitable PB - AAFQ A1 - Association des aides familiales du Québec,  Y1 - 2002/// UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/metier-daide-familiale-a-la-recherche-dun-salaire-equitable/oclc/290634289/editions?referer=di&editionsView=true Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immigrant and migrant workers in Canada: Labour movements, racism and the expansion of globalization N2 - On January 1, 1973, the Canadian government introduced an expanded and consolidated "migrant worker" recruitment program under the rubric of the Non-Immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP). Prior to this, Canada historically had put in place various programs to recruit people as "migrant workers" for specific parts of the labour market, such as agricultural work. The NIEAP was "new" in that it provided an overarching frame in which to bring in people temporarily to fill certain, employer-identified "shortages" in the labour force. The NIEAP also represented a major shift in overall Canadian immigration policy, for following its introduction, the overwhelming majority of (im)migrants recruited for the Canadian labour market came to enter as "migrant workers" rather than as "landed immigrants" with permanent residency rights. The result is that federal-level bureaucrats often enforce the migrant workers contract on behalf of employers by ensuring the indentured employment relationship. However, provincial bureaucrats do little, if anything, to ensure the employer meets the wage rates and living and working conditions promised to "migrant workers" before they arrive in Canada. "Migrant workers" are largely made ineligible for social programs and services that citizens and most permanent residents have access to, such as health care insurance, unemployment insurance (UI), social assistance and workers' compensation packages. Thus, the NIEAP also works to lessen state expenditures on workers.(1) The NIEAP thus operates as a system of indentured labour recruitment that allows both the Canadian state and employers in Canada to exploit the legislated vulnerability and lack of entitlements of those placed in the state category of non-immigrant. Examining the cultural level in which the category "migrant worker" is socially organized helps to explain how it is that the Canadian government can create a category of "non-citizens," such as "migrant workers," with relatively little outcry, even tacit support, from much of the population living and working in Canada. My site of investigation is the Canadian House of Commons and the discursive practices of parliamentarians. Specifically, I conduct a textual analysis of their debates from 1969 to 1973. Although the NIEAP was introduced at the beginning of 1973, I look at debates occurring prior to this time in order to contexualize the construction of the migrant worker category and relate it to other developments taking place. A1 - Sharma, Nandita Y1 - 2002/// UR - http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cws/article/view/6545 Y2 - 2011-08-04 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 21/22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On Being not Canadian: the Social Organisation of "Migrant Workers" in Canada IS - 4 N2 - Se fondant sur la mbthode d’ethnographie institutionnelle de Dorothy E. Smith, l’auteure btudie l’organisation sociale de notre connaissance des gen? categorises c o m e non-immigrants ou u travailleurs migrants m. A la suite de l’btude du Non-Immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP) du gouvernement canadien (1973), elle montre l’importance de la pratique idhlogique raciste et nationaliste des Etats B l’endroit de l’organisation materielle du march6 du travail compbtitif cc canadien )) dans le cadre d’un capitalisme mondial restructure de m6me que la reorganisation qui en rbsulte des notions d’esprit national canadien. Elle montre aussi que la pratique discursive des parlementaires qui consiste B considhrer certaines personnes comme des u problemes pour les cc Canadiens BB ne provient pas de l’exclusion physique de ces (( &rangers m mais plutBt de leur diffbrenciation idbologique et mathrielle des Canadiens une fois qu’ils vivent et travaillent dans la societb canadienne. Utilizing Dorothy E. Smith’s method of institutional ethnography, I investigate the social organization of our knowledge of people categorized as non-immigrants or “migrant workers.” By examining Canada’s 1973 Non-immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP), I show the importance of racist and nationalist ideological state practice to the material organization of the competitive “Canadian” labour market within a restructured global capitalism and the resultant reorganization of notions of Canadian nationhood. I show that the parliamentary discursive practice of producing certain people as “problems” for “Canadians” results not in the physical exclusion of those constructed as “foreigners” but in their ideological and material differentiation from Canadians, once such people are living and working within Canadian society. A1 - Sharma, Nandita Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go2771/is_4_38/ai_n28880026/ Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology VL - 38 SP - 415 M2 - 415 SP - 415-439 ER - TY - THES T1 - The kitchen table talks: Immigrant Italian domestic workers in Toronto's post-war years CY - Canada PB - Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada) N2 - This thesis examines the labour experiences of post-war immigrant Italian women who were employed as household workers in the greater Toronto area. As a sub-text, it also explores the social construction of fictional immigrant Italian women's lives in Italian-Canadian literature. My approach to this study is based on the notion that those who have lived an experience know more about it than those who have not. In this case, the experiences of Italian immigrant household workers expressed through oral interviews I conducted, are compared with the images of immigrant Italian women as victims of triple oppression commonly found in Social Science and Popular Literature. Extant popular literature on the situation of Italian females in Canada is flowering, but immigrant women have not received proper analysis because their stereotyped image has not been fully debunked. A qualitative analysis shows that they are portrayed by both female and male writers in a variety of ways, most of which perpetuate stereotypes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) A1 - Weisbart Bellini, Stephanie Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766329291&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 VL - M.W.S. ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Filipino domestic workers & geographies of rights in Canada N1 - 30 cm. CY - Whiteknights, Reading, UK PB - Department of Geography, University of Reading A1 - Pratt, Geraldine J. Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/filipino-domestic-workers-geographies-of-rights-in-canada/oclc/47778350 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Le trafic des femmes au Canada : une analyse critique du cadre juridique de l’embauche d’aides familiales immigrantes résidantes et de la pratique des promises par correspondance CY - Ottawa PB - Fonds de recherche en matière de politiques de Condition féminine Canada N2 - Dans une perspective féministe et intersectionnelle, le présent rapport analyse le cadre juridique de deux formes de trafic des femmes au Canada, soit l’embauche d’aides familiales immigrantes résidantes, sous l’égide du Programme concernant les aides familiaux résidants (PAFR), et la pratique des promises par correspondance. Il aborde les législations fédérales et provinciales, tant de droit civil que de common law, ainsi que la jurisprudence et la doctrine. L’analyse de la situation des aides familiales immigrantes résidantes porte un regard critique sur le programme fédéral et sur les législations en droit du travail qui touchent ces travailleuses. L’étude de la pratique des promises par correspondance esquisse d’abord le portrait de ce phénomène pour ensuite examiner son encadrement juridique par l’étude des règles contractuelles, du droit de l’immigration, et du droit en matière de mariage et en cas d’échec du mariage. Elle aborde également les questions de la violence conjugale, du proxénétisme, et des agences de rencontre. Nous proposons des réformes en droit de l’immigration, en droit du travail et en législation sociale afin de respecter les droits fondamentaux de ces femmes. Nous recommandons aussi des mesures sur le plan international pour enrayer l’exploitation qui découle des deux formes de trafic étudiées. A1 - Belleau, Marie-Claire A1 - Langevin, Louise Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/SW21-83-2001F.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 T3 - Études en matière de politiques de Condition féminine Canada ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Trafficking in Women in Canada : A Critical Analysis of the Legal Framework Governing Immigrant Live-in Care givers and Mail-Order Brides CY - Ottawa PB - Status of Women Canada Policy Research Fund A1 - Langevin, Louise A1 - Belleau, Marie-Claire Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/SW21-83-2001E.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 T3 - Status of Women Canada Policy Research ER - TY - THES T1 - The social organization of 'difference' and capitalist restructuring in Canada: The making of 'migrant workers' through the 1973 Non-Immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP) CY - Canada PB - University of Toronto (Canada) N2 - By utilizing the materialist method of institutional ethnography of Dorothy E. Smith, complemented by Michel Foucault's analysis of 'governmentality', I conduct a documentary analysis of Canadian House of Commons debates from 1969 to 1973, inclusive, to explore how the 1973 immigration program of indentured 'migrant worker' recruitment--the Non-Immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP)--was organized as a feature of 'globalization'. I examine immigration and globalization as socially organized processes that together produce a space in which people and capital move and meet. Rather than taking a case-study approach to the study of 'migrant workers', I investigate the social organization of our knowledge of migrant workers and how this category is produced as a social phenomenon. My examination centres on an analysis of social practices and their ideological character to uncover the social relations that make certain state practices--and not others--imaginable and actionable. I reveal the importance of racist and nationalist ideological state practices to the material organization of a competitive 'Canadian' labour market within a re-structured global capitalism and the resultant re-organization of notions of Canadian nationhood. I argue that socially organizing the 'foreign-ness' of a certain racialized group of workers within the nationalized Canadian labour market and neo-liberal policy shifts in trade and investment that allow for greater capital mobility are integrally related state practices. I problematize the legitimacy of the 'migrant worker' category by examining the ideological character of repeated calls for 'order at the border' in the Canadian Parliament. I show that parliamentary discursive practices of producing certain people as 'problems' for 'Canadians' results not in the physical exclusion of those constructed as 'foreigners' but in their ideological and material differentiation from Canadians once living and working within Canadian society. I, thus, uncover how national state practices that organize social 'differences' within Canada also shape how the relations of ruling are accomplished during my period of study. I show that in the period under study, the racialization of Canadian immigration policy was shifted, in part, from the more explicit pre-1967 criteria of "preferred races and nationalities" to the 1973 'non-immigrant' category. A1 - Sharma, Nandita Rani Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=728402631&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - Ph.D. T2 - Sociology and Equity Studies in Education SP - 316 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of Migrants’ Human Rights: Principles and Practice IS - 6 CY - Oxford & Malden PB - Blackwell Publishers Ltd. N2 - In principle, migrants enjoy the protection of international law. Key human rights instruments oblige the States Parties to extend their protection to all human beings. Such important treaties as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights have been ratified by more than 140 states, but many political, social or economic obstacles seem to stand in the way of offering those rights to migrants. In an attempt to bridge this protection gap, the more specifically targeted International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families was created and adopted by the United Nations in 1990. This treaty is not yet in force, but the number of States Parties is increasing towards the required 20. In the past few years the human rights machinery of the United Nations has increased its attention towards migrants’ human rights, appointing in 1999 the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants. Governments, as the acceding parties to international human rights instruments, remain the principal actors as guardians of the human rights of all individuals residing in their territories. Receiving countries are in a key position in the protection of the migrants that they host. However, active defence of migrants’ rights is politically difficult in many countries where anti-immigrant factions are influential. Trafficking in migrants is one example of the complexity faced by states in formulating their migration policies. On the one hand, trafficking has madeprotection. On the other, trafficking, with its easily acceptable human rights concerns, is often separated from the more migration-related human smuggling. The latter is a more contentious issue, related also to unofficial interests in utilizing cheap undocumented immigrant labour. governments increasingly act together and combine both enforcement and A1 - Mattila, Heikki S. Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2435.00142/abstract Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Migration VL - 38 SP - 53 M2 - 53 SP - 53-71 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "Mom is a Stranger”: The Negative Impact of Immigration Policies on the Family Life of Filipina Domestic Workers N2 - Drawing on data from twenty-one in-depth interviews, government documents, and secondary sources, this study examines the consequences of current immigration policies on the life of Filipina domestic workers and their families. In a broader context, it explores the role of state immigration and labour policies in constructing "disfunctionality" among families of Filipino-Canadian domestic workers. The paper argues that the inability of 'live-in domestic workers to immigrate to Canada with their spouses and children results in the destruction of traditional family roles, creating serfdom-like work situations in which family relations are maintained transnationally, from afar, for many years. When, and if, family members of domestic workers are finally unified, they are often plagued by tension and conflict. The article analyses migrant domestic labour in the context of the global economy and proposes policy changes. Sur la base des donnees obtenues au cours de vingt et une entrevues approfondies ou extraites de documents gouvernementaux et autres sources secondaires, cette etude examine les consequences de la politique actuelle en matiere d'immigration sur la vie des travailleurs domestiques philippins et sur leur famille. Dans un cadre plus large, elle analyse le role joue par l'immigration etatisee et les politiques du travail dans l'etablissement d'un [much less than]dysfonctionnement[much greater than] au sein des families des domestiques philippino-canadiens. La recherche soutient que l'impossibilite, pour les domestiques vivant au domicile de leur employeur, d'immigrer au Canada avec leur conjoint et leurs enfants, a pour resultat la disparition des roles familiaux traditionnels par la creation de situations de travail comparables au servage dans lesquelles les relations familiales ne sont maintenues qu a distance, d' une nation l'autre et pendant de longues annees. Quand et si les membres de la famille des travail leurs domestiques sont enfin reunis, ils sont souvent dechires par des tensions et des conflits. L'article analyse le travail domestique migrant dans le contexte de l'economie globale et propose des changements de politique. A1 - Cohen, Rachel Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=78527363 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Ethnic Studies/ Etudes Ethniques Au Canada VL - XXXII ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The case of guestworkers: exploitation, citizenship and economic rights IS - 1 CY - Netherlands PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers N2 - Working from a ``capitalist'''' theory of exploitation, based on a neo-classical account of economic value, I argue that guest workers are exploited. It may be objected, however, that since they are not citizens, any inequality that stems from their status as non-citizens is morally unobjectionable. Although host countries are under no moral obligation to admit guest workers as citizens, thereare independent reasons that call for the extension of economicrights – the freedom of occupation in particular – to guestworkers. Since the cause of unequal exchange rests in the factthat guest workers are deprived of these rights, rather than in their exclusion from citizenship per se, I concludethat they are exploited even if their exclusion from citizenshipmay be justified. A1 - Attas, Daniel Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/l01k3437232641q0/ Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Res Publica VL - 6 SP - 73 M2 - 73 SP - 73-92 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Focus group study of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program : phase I N1 - submitted to Suzanne Potvin, team leader, Foreign Worker Initiatives, Employment Programs Branch, Human Resources Development Canada ; submitted by Ekos Research Associates Inc. 28 cm. CY - Ottawa PB - Foreign Worker Initiatives, Human Resources Development Canada] A1 - Ekos Research Associates Canada,  Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books/about/Focus_Group_Study_of_the_Temporary_Forei.html?id=mH33SgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Facts and figures 2000, statistical overview of the temporary resident and refugee claimant population/ Faits et chiffres 2000, aperçu statistique des résidents temporaires et revendicateurs du statut de réfugié N1 - ill. ; 28 cm. Annual Began with 1999 issue. CY - Ottawa PB - Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Strategic Policy, Planning and Research Branch A1 - Citizenship and Immigration Canada,  Y1 - 2000/// UR - http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2008/temporary/22.asp Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Les Domestiques étrangères au Canada: Esclaves de l'espoir CY - Montréal PB - L'Harmattan N2 - " Des milliers de professionnelles Philippines et quelques rares Marocaines émigrent chaque année comme domestiques dans l'espoir de s'établir au Canada et d'y trouver une vie meilleure. Elles y trouvent l'exploitation, la discrimination, les menaces de déportation..." A1 - Bals, Myriam Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=13601 Y2 - 2011-07-27 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Temporary Canadian Migration: Quo Vadis? IS - #99-S7 PB - Metropolis A1 - DeVoretz, Don J. Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://mbc.metropolis.net/assets/uploads/files/wp/1999/WP99-S7.pdf Y2 - 2014-02-18 T3 - Working Paper Series (Special Edition) ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Report of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations, General Survey of the Reports relating to Conventions Nos.97 and 143 and Recommendations Nos.86 and 151 concerning Migrant Workers IS - Report III (1B) CY - Geneva PB - International Labour Office A1 - International Labour Organisation,  Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc87/r3-1b.htm Y2 - 2011-05-27 T3 - Information and reports on the application of Conventions and Recommendations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From registered nurse to registered nanny: discursive geographies of Filipina domestic workers in Vancouver, B.C. IS - 3 PB - Clark University N2 - This paper is an exploration of what poststructuralist theories of the subject and discourse analysis can bring to theories of labor market segmentation, namely an understanding of how individuals come to understand and are limited in their occupational options. I examine three discursive constructions of "Filipina" and argue that they work to structure Filipinas' labor market experiences in Vancouver. Filipinas who come to Canada through the Live-in Caregiver Program often come with university educations and professional experiences (e.g., as registered nurses) but then become members of the most occupationally segregated of ethnic groups in Vancouver. As domestic workers in Vancouver, they are defined as "supplicant, preimmigrants," as inferior "housekeepers," and, within the Filipino community, as "husband stealers." I demonstrate that geography has much to bring to discourse analysis; there are geographies written into discourses of "Filipina" that work to position Filipinas in Vancouver as inferior. While the examined discourses overlap and reinforce the marginalization of Filipinas, I also explore how discursive analysis can function as ideology critique, by examining the internal inconsistencies and silences within particular discourses and the points of resistance that emerge when different discourses come into contact and tension. A1 - Pratt, Geraldine Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/144575 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Economic Geography VL - 75 SP - 215 M2 - 215 SP - 215-236 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Women as migrants: members in national and global communities N2 - L'auteure explore l'impact de la loi internationale sur la pratique légale au Canada, avec une attention spéciale sur la politique et la loi sur l'immigration, et la façon dont elles affectent la vie des femmes qui veulent entrer au Canada. A1 - Macklin, Audrey Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://find.galegroup.com/ips/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=IPS&docId=A30075806&source=gale&srcprod=CPI&userGroupName=mont88738&version=1.0 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Le travailleur étranger au Canada: à l'avant-poste de la précarité? IS - 181 A1 - Rivet, Michèle Y1 - 1998/// JA - McGill Law Journal VL - 43 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Mémoire présenté à la ministre de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration, madame Lucienne Robillard dans le cadre des consultations publiques entourant le rapport intitulé "au delà des chiffres: l'immigration de demain au Canada" PB - AAFQ A1 - AAFQ,  Y1 - 1998/03/07/ UR - http://catalogue.cdeacf.ca/Record.htm?idlist=1&record=191812491909 UR - http://bv.cdeacf.ca/bvdoc.php?no=1999_09_0135&col=CF&format=htm&ver=old Y2 - 2014-04-29 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Inscribing Domestic Work On Filipina Bodies N1 - Heidi J. Nast & Steve Pile (ed) CY - London PB - Routledge A1 - Philippine Women Center of BC,  A1 - Pratt, Geraldine Y1 - 1998/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?id=ONyw6dy4CfwC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=Inscribing+Domestic+Work+On+Filipina+Bodies&source=bl&ots=6TKQY_l3zB&sig=uhMel3GlA61w_qGCroYdqki0Eus&hl=fr&ei=AYA4TuOxC4bs0gHOudHCDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Inscribing%20Domestic%20Work%20On%20Filipina%20Bodies&f=false Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Places through the body SP - 211-226 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ‘Frustrated and displaced’: Filipina domestic workers in Canada IS - 1 PB - Oxfam GB N2 - This article examines the case of Filipina domestic workers in Canada based on a participatory action research study that the authors carried out with Filipina domestic workers in 1996. The Philippines has been a major supplier of migrant labour and is one of the principal sources of foreign domestic workers in Canada. A1 - Grandea, Nona A1 - Kerr, Joanna Y1 - 1998/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030329 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Gender and Development VL - 6 SP - 7 M2 - 7 SP - 7-12 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Mémoire présenté à la ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'immigration, Madame Lucienne Robillard PB - AAFQ A1 - Association des aides familiales du Québec,  Y1 - 1998/// UR - http://bv.cdeacf.ca/CF_PDF/1999_09_0135.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - Race, class, women and the state : the case of domestic labour in Canada N1 - Tanya Schecter. 21 cm. CY - Montréal PB - Black Rose Books N2 - This thesis examines the history of female immigrant domestic labour in Canada from a socialist feminist perspective. Over the past hundred years, Canadian immigration policy with respect to domestic workers became increasingly regressive with the shift in the racial composition of foreign female domestics. The women's movement contributed to this change as gains in Canadian women's public rights did not effectively challenge the dominant social paradigm of women's roles, and so left intact the public-private divide and the sexual division of labour to which were allied biases of race and class. The women's movement thus became an unwitting participant in the formulation of regressive immigration policies which rebounded on the women's movement itself, reinforcing its internal divisions. A1 - Schecter, Tanya Y1 - 1998/// UR - http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20464&local_base=GEN01-MCG02 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Negotiating Citizenship: The Case of foreign domestic workers in Canada IS - Automn PB - Palgrave Macmillan Journals A1 - Stasiulis, Daiva A1 - Bakan, Abigail B. Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1395804 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Feminist Review VL - 57 SP - 112 M2 - 112 SP - 112-139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation and Resistance: Strategies of Migrant Domestic Workers in Canada and Internationally IS - 1 CY - Manila PB - Scalabrini Migration Center N2 - Discusses the Canadian migrant domestic/live-in caregiver program in the global context of domestic worker migration, & addresses barriers to the protection of domestic workers' rights. The Canadian system is described as among the best in the world, but it shares with other such programs an inherent asymmetry in citizenship statuses & rights of employers & workers & the expectation that workers will live in the home of employers. Barriers to the enforcement of existing regulations to protect migrant domestic workers include the shared jurisdiction over foreign domestics of Canadian & foreign governments. A review of sender & receiver countries' policies indicates that there is often a large discrepancy in existing statutes. Activists have fought to secure migrant domestic workers' rights by creating placement agencies in both sender & receiver countries & linking their campaigns to global efforts to address the issues of unemployment & migration. 45 References. Adapted from the source document. A1 - Stasiulis, Daiva K. A1 - Bakan, Abigail B. Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12321182 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Asian and Pacific Migration Journal VL - 6 SP - 31 M2 - 31 SP - 31-57 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Littles Victories and Big Defeats: The Rise and Fall of Collective Barganing Rights for Domestic Workers in Ontario N1 - Abigail B. Bakan CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press A1 - Fudge, Judy Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=t2N3bWVLDTQC&dq=Abigail+Bess+Bakan&ie=ISO-8859-1&source=gbs_gdata Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Not One of the Family: Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada SP - 119-146 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - From 'Mothers of the Nation' to Migrant Workers CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press A1 - Arat-Koc, S. Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=t2N3bWVLDTQC&dq=Abigail+Bess+Bakan&ie=ISO-8859-1&source=gbs_gdata Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Not One of the Family: Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada SP - 53-80 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Not One of the Family: Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press N2 - In Not One of the Family, experts on foreign domestic workers and workers-turned-activists document how the Canadian system has institutionalized unequal treatment of citizen and non-citizen workers. Since the 1940s, rights of citizenship for immigrant domestic workers in Canada have declined while the number of women recruited from Third World countries to work in Canadian homes has dramatically increased. The analysis in Not One of the Family is both theoretical to the practical, framing ideologies of privacy, maternalism, familialism, and rights, as well as examining government policy, labour organizing, and strategies to resist exploitation. A key resource for all centres for women and immigrant workers, Not One of the Family is also essential reading for civil rights and immigration lawyers, labour groups, and government policy makers. A1 - Stasiulis, Daiva A1 - Bakan, Abigail B. Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=t2N3bWVLDTQC&dq=Abigail+Bess+Bakan&ie=ISO-8859-1&source=gbs_gdata Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Uneven gains: Filipina Domestic Workers in Canada CY - Ottawa PB - North-South Institute A1 - Grandea, Nona Y1 - 1996/// UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Uneven_gains.html?id=9SBYAAAAYAAJ Y2 - 2011-08-17 T3 - Philippines-Canada Human Resources Development Program ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Discrimination and Difference: Canadian Immigration Policy from a World Systems Perspective CY - St. Catherines (Ontario) N2 - This paper explores discrimination in immigration practices and the division of labour in Canada through the lens of world systems theory. Canadian immigration policy has clearly moved away from explicitly racist hierarchies and classifications. However, examining the phenomenal growth in the use of temporary labour highlights the ways in which `race' or ethnicity, class, and gender can intersect to create forms of triple oppression, excluding people from citizenship. The Live-In Caregiver Program is considered as an example of these processes. The Business Immigration Program and recent changes in immigration policy affecting refugees are also briefly considered. Attention is drawn to the historical relations between the expropriation of resources and wealth, and the construction of `difference'. A1 - Collins, Rachel Y1 - 1996/// T2 - Canadian Association for the Study of International Development Conference ER - TY - THES T1 - Le travail domestique des femmes en contexte migratoire: effets psychosociaux et stratégies d'adaptation CY - Montréal PB - Université de Montréal N2 - Cette recherche exploratoire porte sur les strategies d'adaptation des domestiques etrangeres, confrontees aux effets psychosociaux de deux programmesd'immigration temporaire: le Programme pour les Employes de Maison Etrangers(PEME) et le Programme pour les Aides Familiaux Residents (PAFR). Le vecu de ces travailleuses et surtout le sens qu'elles donnent a leur experience sont centraux dans la comprehension de leurs comportements pour repondre a la double question de recherche: Comment des conditions de vie eprouvantes, en contexte de migration temporaire, mettent-elles a l'epreuve les ressources de la personne? Quelles strategies d'adaptation individuelles et collectives developpent-elles a partier de leurs perceptions de la situation? Quelles sont les caracteristiques juridique et organisationnelles de ce contexte migratoire qui peuvent expliquer ces reactions? Adoptant une demarche de type anthropologique, et une analyse systemique culturelle, nous avons donc choisi deux populations tres distinctes (les Philippines et les Marocaines), afin de voir les effets differencies resultant des interactions entre les differents facteurs personnels, environnementaux et culturels. Pour ce faire, nous avonsprocede a des entrevues non-directives mitigees et interroge des travailleuses temporaires et des residentes permanentes ayants experimente l'un des deux programmes, afin de comprendre leur trajectoire et leur rationalite. Les resultats de cette recherche soulignent que ces programmes exposent tout particulierement les travailleuses a de mauvaises conditions de vie et detravail, ce qui met indument lesressources physiques et psychoiogiques des personnes a l'epreuve, en faisant des programmes hautement pathogenes. Il s'avere que les conditions de vie et de travail de ces programmes ont, a plus ou moins breve echeance, des effets nefastes sur la sante des personnes (psychologique et physique) et modifient leur trajectoire personnelle et professionnelle, independamment du niveau d'instruction qu'elles avaient en arrivant. En effet, des sentiments profonds d'insecurite, de depression et d'impuissance, et diverses somatisations sont encore exacerbes chez les travailleuses ayant encore un statut temporaire. Cependant, les effets sont differencies d'une culture a l'autre, car chaque population s'adapte au cadre juridique des programmes en fonction de facteurs organisationnels, culturels et personnels. Car, malgre tout, ces personnes ont un potentiel qui leur permet de s'adapter, ces strategies dependant d'abord du projet migratoire initial et de son acception ou de son rejet par la communaute d'origine, ensuite des reseaux interpersonnels de soutien que les travailleuses developpent pour s'accommoder a leur situation. Loin d'etre toujours des victimes passives, elles peuvent etre des victimes consentantes, pourvu que leur objectif soit atteint: l'obtention de la residence permanente. Considerees destructrices par les unes, ces epreuves sont des defis de croissance pour les autres, laissant un sentiment de perte ou de gain. _____________________ Page 149: « Deux résidentes permanentes sur 15 (PRP 9 et PRP 13) disent être tombées malades à cause des conditions de travail, au point de ne plus pouvoir travailler pendant plusieurs semaines. Quant aux travailleurs temporaires, elles ont des problèmes de santé plus nombreux, liés au nombre d’heures et aux tâches effectuées, au manque de nourriture et, dans un seul cas, à une chambre insalubre. Ainsi, dix travailleurs temporaires ont eu des problèmes de santé les obligeant à arrêter le travail, pour une période allant d’une semaine à un mois, ou à quitter l’employeur, quand elles n’ont pas été mises à pied immédiatement. » A1 - Bals, Myriam Y1 - 1996/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739920831& Fmt=2& VInst=PROD& VType=PQD& RQT=309& Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - Ph.D. SP - 353 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Maid in the Market: Women's Paid Domestic Labour CY - Toronto PB - Fernwood Publishing A1 - Giles, Wenona A1 - Arat-Koc, Sedef Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1895686350/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&seller= Y2 - 2011-07-22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Falling Through the Cracks: Domestic Workers Progressive Movements IS - 2 CY - Toronto A1 - Villasin, Felicita O. A1 - Phillips, M. Ann Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cws/article/view/9969/9073 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Women Studies VL - 14 SP - 87 M2 - 87 SP - 87-90 ER - TY - THES T1 - State policy and the migration of foreign domestic workers to Canada: The migration of Filipina nannies to Vancouver, British Columbia CY - Canada PB - Simon Fraser University (Canada) N2 - Thousands of Filipino women have migrated to Canada over the past decade to work as live-in caregivers in Canadian households. The labour of Filipina caregivers--straddling as it does both the realms of production and social reproduction--fits poorly in established views of international migration that rest on traditional concepts of the division of labour within a global capitalist system. As well, a feminist perspective is necessary to highlight the subordinate status of reproductive work and to assess the impact of state policy in perpetuating entrenched gender roles. The current federal Live-In Caregiver (LIC) program is only the most recent example of a state initiative to secure domestic workers; unsettling similarities exist between this program and questionable past policies. As a complementary source of data, a survey was carried out of 144 Filipina domestic workers in Vancouver, B.C. The questionnaire responses highlight the motivations that prompted these women to leave the Philippines and seek employment in Canada and clearly identify the impact of government policy on migration. The survey findings indicate that the opportunity for possible landed status presented within the LIC program served as a key incentive in most respondents' decisions to come to Canada. (No other country allows for permanent immigration of foreign domestic workers). Therefore, the Canadian state not only sets the legislation to facilitate the migration and employment of domestic workers but, as well, plays an influential role in drawing significant numbers of Filipina caregivers to Canada. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) A1 - Mikita, Jeanne M. Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=743430881&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - On the Inside Looking In: Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada CY - Toronto PB - Fernwood Publishing A1 - Macklin, Audrey Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1895686350/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&seller= Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Maid in the Market: Women's Paid Domestic Labour ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Brief History of Racism in Immigration Policies for Recruting Domestics A1 - Cohen, Rina Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cws/article/viewFile/9968/9072 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foreign Domestic Worker Policy in Canada and the Social Boundaries of Modern Citizenship A1 - Bakan, Abigail B. A1 - Stasiulis, Daiva Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/pss/40403381 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Science and Society VL - 58 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The Work of strangers : a survey of international labour migration N1 - Peter Stalker. CY - Geneva PB - ILO N2 - This book concentrates on the movement of people. Around 80 million people now live in foreign lands (not counting the former Soviet Union and ex-Yugoslavia). And their numbers are rising steadily. One million people emigrate permanently each year, while another million seek political asylum. Added to these are 18 million refugees, driven from their homelands by natural disaster or in the hunt for political asylum. [...] The statistics may not be very precise, but recent trends in international migration have been causing increasing alarm in industrialized countries. The waves of asylum seekers from developing countries, and the potential flood of economic migrants from East to West have stirred up primitive fears. Xenophobia and racism are on the increase, and opportunist politicians have taken the opportunity to redirect popular discontent to immigrant communities. A1 - Stalker, Peter Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=JNXElTfvykIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=The+Work+of+strangers+:+a+survey+of+international+labour+migration&ots=V2osE0Hxqh&sig=NR8yjPZPgjFr3Xf7tWBcgCiRdro#v=onepage&q&f=false Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - THES T1 - ``I could put this house on fire.'' The everyday resistance of Filipina domestics in Canada CY - Canada PB - Carleton University (Canada) N2 - Filipina migrant domestics are among the most exploited and vulnerable workers in Canadian society today. The fear of deportation coupled with their lack of citizenship rights have meant that they do not often overtly or collectively confront their oppressors. This study argues that where open, collective defiance is neither realistic nor practical, resistance will take on alternative, more subtle forms. While these forms are often non-dramatic, highly routine, and generally ambiguous, they serve, nonetheless, as the most logical and effective means through which the dominated make their claims. Focusing on the stories of 11 migrant women offers a privileged perspective from which the innovative and diverse nature of that resistance can be revealed. This analysis demonstrates that through these discrete acts the women navigate an intricate web of power relations, pushing forward their demands and working the system to their advantage. In the end, it maintains that through such resistance, these women struggle not only to shape their daily environments, but also to challenge the dominant ideology and to effect broader social change. A1 - Parikh, Rita Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=743168351&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - M.A. T2 - Political Sciences - International Affairs SP - 213 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Regulating Class Privilege: Immigrant servants in Canada, 1940s-1990s CY - Toronto PB - Canadian Scholar's Press A1 - Daenzer, Patricia M. Y1 - 1993/// UR - http://openlibrary.org/books/OL8551690M/Regulating_Class_Privilege Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Working as a live-in caregiver in Québec : guide for foreign workers and their employers/ Exercer la profession d'aide familiale résidante au Québec : guide à l'intention des travailleuses étrangères et de leurs employeurs N1 - [rédigée par la Direction des politiques et programmes d'intégration socio-économique]. 28 cm. CY - [Québec] PB - Direction des politiques et programmes d'intégration socio-économique A1 - Gouvernement du Québec,  A1 - Québec (Province). Direction des politiques et programmes d'intégration socio-économique,  Y1 - 1993/// UR - http://iris.banq.qc.ca/alswww2.dll/APS_PRESENT_BIB?Style=Portal3&SubStyle=&Lang=FRE&ResponseEncoding=utf-8&no=0000348757&Via=Z3950&View=ISBD&Parent=Obj_196371360939355&SearchBrowseList=Obj_196371360939355&SearchBrowseListItem=29972&BrowseList=Obj_196371360939355?Style=Portal3&SubStyle=&Lang=FRE&ResponseEncoding=utf-8&BrowseListItem=29972&QueryObject=Obj_196241360939354 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/working-as-a-live-in-caregiver-in-quebec-guide-for-foreign-workers-and-their-employers/oclc/29310911 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Immigration Policies, Migrant Domestic Workers and the Definition of Citizenship in Canada CY - Halifax PB - Ferwood Publishing A1 - Arat-Koc, Sedef Y1 - 1992/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/Deconstructing-Nation-Immigration-Multiculturalism-Racism/dp/1895686075 Y2 - 2011-08-17 T2 - Deconstructing a Nation: Immigration, Multiculturalism and Racism in '90s Canada SP - 229-242 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing Female Immigration: A Case of Institutional Sexism and Racism A1 - Ng, Roxana Y1 - 1992/// UR - http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/cws/article/viewFile/10484/9573 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Women Studies VL - 12 ER - TY - THES T1 - Unfree wage labour, women and the state: Employment visas and foreign domestic workers in Canada CY - Canada PB - University of Victoria (Canada) N2 - The present study examines federal government programs to admit women to Canada as foreign domestic workers, their exclusion from labour standards legislation, the conditions of work and wage-rates which result from this exclusion, and attempts to organize foreign domestic workers. The thesis maintains that foreign domestic workers represent a modern form of unfree wage labour since they are required to remain in domestic work as a condition of entry to Canada. The study also examines the intersection of gender, class and ethnicity in the foreign domestic labour process. It is argued that the employment of foreign domestic workers in the homes of privileged families gives rise to differential experiences of oppression by women of different classes and ethnic origins. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) A1 - Cornish, Cynthia Dale Y1 - 1992/// UR - http://www.stopracism.ca/content/racism-and-foreign-domestic-workers-canada Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Immigrant domestic servants in Canada A1 - Barber, Marilyn Y1 - 1991/// UR - http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/cha-shc/008004-119.01-e.php?&b_id=E-16&ps_nbr=1&brws=y&&PHPSESSID=th55o5uvq27s3o8inm07n6k4r3 Y2 - 2011-06-11 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Accord Canada-Québec relatif à l’immigration et à l’admission temporaire des aubains (Accord Gagnon-Tremblay -McDougall) A1 - Gouvernement du Québec,  A1 - Gouvernement du Canada,  Y1 - 1991/// UR - http://www.micc.gouv.qc.ca/publications/fr/divers/Accord-canada-quebec-immigration-francais.pdf Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - Ideology and the formation of migration policy: The case of immigrant domestic workers, 1940-1990 CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto N2 - This study will examine critically the historical development of Canadian migration policies and administrative practices which regulated the importation and employment of immigrant live-in domestic workers in Canada during the period 1940-1990. The policy currently known as the Foreign Domestic Movement has an instructive historical development. While labour market policies in general have tended to increase workers' rights and protection in the last half of the twentieth century, the domestic workers policy has a history of sporadic regressiveness. This study shows that the dominant features of the domestic workers policy for the duration of its development were racist, sexist, and subject to class biases. It also contributes to an understanding of federal government migration policies which relate specifically to women and racial minority groups. A1 - Daenzer, Patricia Margot Y1 - 1991/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=744667671&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - Ph.D. T2 - Sociology ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Canada's Immigration Policy and Domestics from the Caribbean: The Second Domestic Scheme N1 - J. Vorst CY - Toronto PB - Garamond Press A1 - Calliste, A. Y1 - 1991/// ER - TY - THES T1 - Seduced and abandoned: The legal regulation of domestic workers in Canada from 1867 to 1940 CY - Canada PB - York University (Canada) N2 - This thesis examines the legal regulation of domestic workers in Canada from 1867 to 1940 with reference to immigration law and policy and labour law. In the thesis, domestic work serves as a site for an analysis of the role of law in regulating human activity. Domestics were protected in transit by criminal sanctions prohibiting the seduction of female passengers on ships sailing to Canada; as such, the law concerned itself with the virtue of domestics as potential mothers. Under labour law, however, the working conditions of domestics were not regulated. When new legislation was enacted at the end of World War I offering further protection to workers, especially working women, domestics were explicitly excluded on the grounds that they were "safe" within the family. In an attempt to improve their conditions of work, domestics unionized and lobbied the provincial governments for coverage under the minimum wage statutes, but legislators were unwilling to enact laws which would encroach on the private domain of the employing classes. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) A1 - Cunningham, Nicola Y1 - 1991/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=748133821&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-06-11 VL - LL.M. ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Les domestiques immigrantes au Canada CY - Ottawa PB - Société historique du Canada A1 - Barber, Marilyn Y1 - 1991/// UR - http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/300/cha-shc/groupes_ethniques_du_canada/E-16_fr.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Convention internationale sur la protection des droits de tous les travailleurs migrants et des membres de leur famille A2 - Organisation des Nations Unies CY - Geneva A1 - Organisation des Nations Unies,  Y1 - 1990/12/18/ UR - http://www2.ohchr.org/french/law/cmw.htm Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - résolution 45/158 ER - TY - THES T1 - The transformation of Canadian policies and programs to recruit foreign labor: The case of Caribbean female domestic workers, 1950's-1980's CY - United States -- Michigan PB - Michigan State University N2 - This study explores the relationships between collective action and social policy transformation in Canada. A community-based social movement in the 1970's protested punitive and restrictive changes in the policy to recruit domestic workers from the Caribbean operating since the 1950's. The research isolates community-based activists or advocates who represented the socially and legally disadvantaged immigrant domestic workers in negotiations with the government. Historical documentary techniques and interviews were the primary sources of data. Documentary data illuminated transitions in immigration recruitment policy and recorded cases of advocacy. Interviews, obtained using a referral method, provided the histories of the social movement's composition, goals, impact and the effect of advocacy work on the lives of activists. Two propositions guided the research: Unequal relations between Canada and the Caribbean are directly related to changing contours of immigration policy; and Immigration policy transformation reflects the negotiated interests of responsive immigrant subpopulations within the receiving nation. The findings of this research suggest direct correlations between advocacy and policy formation and implementation for foreign domestic workers. Domestic worker-based advocacy operates at various levels of social interactions and includes a wide range of groups working collectively. Voluntary organizers within the Caribbean immigrant community formed alliances with service agencies, trade unions and individuals, which built broad community support, but also increased the propensity for fragmentation and diversion of the movement's energy. Concrete legal changes for domestic workers were won through the social movement; alterations in their social situation did not simultaneously occur. A1 - Harris, Ruth Lynnette Y1 - 1989/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=746345301&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - Social, economic and political factors influencing the supply and demand of foreign domestic workers PB - University of British Columbia A1 - Devan, Mary Elizabeth Y1 - 1989/// ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In the Privacy of Our Own Home: Foreign Domestic Workers as Solution to the Crisis in the Domestic Sphere in Canada N2 - Despite marked increases in the participation of women in the labour force, neither the availability and quality of socialized child care arrangements nor the division of housework between men and women appear to have changed radically. A1 - Arat-Koc, Sedef Y1 - 1989/// UR - http://spe.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/spe/article/view/13179/10063 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Studies in Political Economy VL - 28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Racism and Canadian Immigration Policy: The Government's View of Caribbean Migration, 1962-1966 A1 - Satzewich, V. A1 - Satzewich, Victor Y1 - 1989/// UR - http://pao.chadwyck.com/articles/displayItemPage.do?FormatType=fulltextpdf&QueryType=articles&ResultsID=12FEE75491DB8635C&ItemNumber=2 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Ethnic Studies/ Etudes Ethniques Au Canada VL - 11 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Capitalism and Unfree Labour: Anomaly or Necessity? CY - London PB - Tavistock A1 - Miles, Robert Y1 - 1987/// UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Capitalism_and_unfree_labour.html?id=dc4OAAAAQAAJ Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Work Conditions of Immigrant Women Live-in Domestics: Racism, Sexual Abuse, and Invisibility A1 - Cohen, R. Y1 - 1987/// JA - Resources for Feminist Research/Documentation sur la Recherche Feministe VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Feminization of Temporary Workers: The Canadian Case IS - 2 N2 - An examination of the F component of the temporary worker flows in Canada. Unpublished data from Employment & Immigration Canada indicate that Fs represent 40% of the workers granted Employment Authorizations between 1979 & 1985 & that they predominate in the labor component of the temporary worker flow. Sex & type of employment authorizations intersect to create important distinctions among temporary workers & univariate tabulations oversimplify the Canadian Employment Authorization program's current situation. Recent studies which argue for sex-specific analysis of migration flows are supported. 6 Tables, 28 References. AA A1 - Boyd, Monica Y1 - 1987/// UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2435.1986.tb01005.x/abstract Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Migration/Migrations Internationales/Migraciones Internationales VL - 24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The guest-worker in Western Europe - an obituary A1 - Castles, Stephen Y1 - 1986/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2545735 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - International Migration Review VL - 20 ER - TY - THES T1 - A Study in the Persistence of Poor Working Conditions and Low Status: Immigrant Domestic Workers in Canada CY - Ottawa PB - Carleton University A1 - Renaud, Louise Y1 - 1984/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=754464451&SrchMode=2&sid=3&Fmt=1&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1312251461&clientId=48948 Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - M.A. T2 - Department of Sociology and Anthropology SP - 110 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Implementation of the Special Policy on Foreign Domestic Workers. Findings and Recommendations for Change IS - March 1983 PB - International Coalition to End Domestics' Exploitation N2 - A brief to the Minister of Employment and Immigration Canada A1 - International Coalition to End Domestics' Exploitation,  Y1 - 1983/// ER - TY - BOOK T1 - "What this Country Did to Us, it Did to Itself" : a Report of the B.C. Human Rights Commission on the Farmworkers & Domestic Workers N1 - 22 cm. CY - [Victoria] PB - Human Rights Commission of British Columbia N2 - This 1983 report, based on May 21, 1982 public hearings, was, at the time, an historic recognition by one agency of the BC provincial government of systemic legislative racism in government policies. The CFU brief outlined stopping all legislative discrimination against farmworkers and was supported by 28 organizations. The Commission accepted the gist of the presentations which called for the equality of farm workers before the law. Recommendations included; all exclusions of farmworkers be removed under provincial Employment Standards Act; Industrial Camp Regulations implemented; protection from pesticides, including showers; also extended to Domestic Workers. Six months later, the Human Rights Commission of British Columbia was closed and its staff fired during the Social Credit BC Premier Bill Bennett's 'Restaint Budget' that soon led to the province-wide 'Operation Solidarity' labour strikes and 'Solidarity Coaltion' community fightback. A1 - Human Rights Commission of British Columbia.,  Y1 - 1983/// UR - http://content.lib.sfu.ca/cdm/compoundobject/collection/cfu_2/id/3873 Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - La mise en oeuvre de la politique spéciale concernant les employés de maison étrangers : conclusions et recommandations en vue de redresser la situation : mémoire à l'intention du ministre d'Emploi et immigration Canada N1 - International Coalition to End Domestics' Exploitation. 28 cm. CY - [Ottawa PB - Emploi et immigration Canada] A1 - INTERCEDE.,  Y1 - 1983/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books/about/La_mise_en_oeuvre_de_la_politique_sp%C3%A9ci.html?id=G3dsHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y Y2 - 2011-08-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domestic Workers Organize! A1 - Ramirez, J. Y1 - 1982/// JA - Canadian Women Studies VL - 4 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Problems of Immigrant Women in the Canadian Labour Force A1 - Status of Women Canada,  Y1 - 1979/// ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Rapport explicatif sur la Convention européenne relative au statut juridique du travailleur migrant N1 - Conseil de l'Europe. Titre de la couv. Paru également en anglais sous le titre: Explanatory report on the European Convention on the Legal Status of Migrant Workers. "Convention ouverte à la signature le 24 novembre 1977." CY - Strasbourg PB - Conseil de l'Europe A1 - Conseil de l'Europe,  Y1 - 1978/// UR - http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/FR/Reports/Html/093.htm Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Convention européenne relative au statut juridique du travailleur migrant N1 - Convention européenne relative au statut juridique du travailleur migrant (1977) La couverture porte en outre: "Strasbourg, 24.XI.1977". Numérotation répétée sur pages en regard des pages 2 à 14 ; texte sur 2 colonnes des pages 15 à 19. Texte anglais et français. A2 - Conseil Europe CY - Strasbourg A1 - Council of Europe,  Y1 - 1977/09/24/ UR - http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/093.htm Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Employment Visas and the Canadian Labour Force A1 - Marr, W.L. Y1 - 1977/// JA - Canadian Public Policy VL - 3 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Charte québécoise des droits et libertés de la personne A1 - Assemblée Nationale du Québec,  Y1 - 1975/// UR - http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/C_12/C12.HTM Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - L.R.Q., c. C-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The West Indian Domestic Scheme in Canada IS - 1 PB - University College of the West Indies, Institute of Social and Economic Research A1 - Henry, Frances Y1 - 1968/// UR - http://pao.chadwyck.com/articles/displayItem.do?QueryType=articles&ResultsID=130D6630F7C887439&filterSequence=0&ItemNumber=8&journalID=5209 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Social and Economic Studies VL - 17 SP - 83 M2 - 83 SP - 83-91 ER - TY - THES T1 - La Condition des domestiques antillaises à Montréal CY - Montréal PB - Université de Montréal A1 - Bled, Yves Y1 - 1965/// UR - http://jupiter.bib.umontreal.ca/geoweb5/record_link.asp?db=ADVANCE&index=nl&screen=full&term=10769478 Y2 - 2011-08-17 VL - M.A. T2 - Anthropologie SP - 365 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Convention sur les travailleurs migrants (révisée) A2 - Organisation Internationale du Travail A1 - Organisation internationale du Travail,  Y1 - 1949/// UR - http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convdf.pl?C097 Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - C 97 ER -