TY - EJOUR T1 - Police in Ontario free 43 Mexicans brought to Canada by alleged human traffickers PB - cbc.ca N2 - Mexicans trapped in 'modern-day slavery' as pay from their cleaning work was controlled by traffickers: OPP Muriel Draaisma · CBC News · Posted: Feb 11, 2019 12:44 PM ET | Last Updated: February 11 Y1 - 2019/// UR - https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/human-trafficking-bust-barrie-1.5014269 Y2 - 2019-02-13 JA - CBC News ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Le Grand sacrifice des nounous philippines Y1 - 2018/03/01/ UR - http://www.ellequebec.com/societe/reportages/article/le-grand-sacrifice-des-nounous-philippines Y2 - 2018-02-14 JA - ELLE Québec ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leamington, Ont. migrant worker receives last-minute deportation reprieve CY - Windsor N2 - Gina Bahiwal had her bags packed to return to the Philippines when she learned she could stay in Canada.A Leamington, Ont. migrant worker had her bags packed in anticipation of her impending deportation this Sunday when she learned it had been cancelled at the last minute.Gina Bahiwal came to Canada from the Philippines in 2008 under the Temporary Foreign Workers Program and worked packing vegetables, as a housekeeper and in the fast food industry. Y1 - 2017/01/13/ KW - Deportation UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/gina-bahiwal-migrant-worker-leamington-not-deported-1.3935481 Y2 - 2017-01-30 JA - CBC News SP - 1 M2 - 1 SP - 1 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Swept Under the Rug: Abuses against Domestic Workers Around the World IS - vol. 18, no. 7 PB - Human Rights Watch A1 - Human Rights Watch,  Y1 - 2015/// KW - Trafficking KW - Forced Labour KW - Wage Exploitation UR - https://www.hrw.org/report/2006/07/27/swept-under-rug/abuses-against-domestic-workers-around-world Y2 - 2015-11-06 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Human trafficking case in Sudbury falls apart A1 - Sudbury Star,  A1 - Carmichael, Harold Y1 - 2015/// KW - human trafficking JA - Sudbury Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Deaf daughter of caregiver allowed into Canada A1 - Carman, Tara Y1 - 2015/06/24/ UR - http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Deaf+daughter+caregiver+allowed+into+Canada/11163537/story.html Y2 - 2015-07-14 JA - The Vancouver Sun ER - TY - RPRT T1 - 10% Approval Rate from Citizenship and Immigration for New Caregiver Program Applications A1 - Unionresearch.org,  Y1 - 2015/06/02/ UR - https://unionresearch.org/2015/06/02 Y2 - 2017-10-01 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - West Van woman acquitted of human trafficking claims police impropriety A1 - Spitale-Leisk, Maria Y1 - 2015/04/17/ UR - http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Allegations+denied+civil+forfeiture+suit+tied+West+Vancouver+human+trafficking+case/10982181/story.html#ixzz3XsDwLoDC Y2 - 2015-07-14 JA - The Vancouver Sun ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Travail Domestique et Exploitation : Le Cas des Travailleuses Domestiques Philippines au Canada (PAFR) N1 - Rapport publié en partenariat avec le Service aux Collectivités de l'Université du Québec à Montréal CY - Laboratoire de recherche sur le droit du travail et le développement PB - Université McGill A1 - Gallerand, Elsa A1 - Gallié, Martin A1 - Ollivier Gobeil, Jeanne Y1 - 2015/01/09/ UR - http://www.mcgill.ca/lldrl/files/lldrl/15.01.09_rapport_fr_vu2.5.11_0.pdf UR - http://www.mcgill.ca/lldrl/files/lldrl/15.01.09_rapport_en_vu1.1.13_0.pdf Y2 - 2015-01-29 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Still enslaved: The migrant domestic workers who are trapped by the immigration rules CY - London, UK PB - Kalayaan, Justice for migrant domestic workers A1 - Kalayaan,  Y1 - 2014/// T3 - Kalayaan, Justice for migrant domestic workers ER - TY - CASE T1 - Gorenshtein v. British Columbia (Employment Standards Tribunal), 2013 BCSC 1499 (CanLII) A2 - 2013 BCSC 1499 (CanLII) PB - Supreme Court of BC A1 - Supreme Court of BC,  Y1 - 2014/08/19/ UR - http://unik.caij.qc.ca/default.aspx?&unikid=en/bc/bcsc/doc/2013/2013bcsc1499/2013bcsc1499 Y2 - 2014-05-29 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 5 Arrested For Immigration Scam Using Temporary Foreign Worker Program A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2014/07/09/ UR - http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2014/07/09/foreign-worker-program-scam-arrests_n_5572042.html Y2 - 2014-07-13 JA - The Huffington Post ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Au Liban, des employées domestiques étrangères vivent un enfer CY - Beyrouth,Liban PB - Monde,Académie N2 - Julienne, Togolaise, 36 ans, travailleuse à domicile pour une famille libanaise se remet petit à petit de son horrible calvaire. Dès son premier jour, on l'a rebaptise "animal". Battue, humiliée et enfermée dans le noir par son employeuse elle perd 30 kg. Sa patronne refuse de la nourrir et Julienne n'a pas d'autres choix que de manger dans les restes de la poubelle. Elle vécu l'enfer pendant 9 long mois et ne fut payée que deux mois. A1 - Girard, Marine Y1 - 2014/// UR - http://mondeacinter.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/06/05/lenfer-des-employees-domestiques-au-liban/ Y2 - 2016-07-05 JA - LeMonde.fr ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ex diplomat from Philippines accused of trafficking nanny PB - CBC News A1 - CBC News ,  Y1 - 2014/05/09/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ex-diplomat-from-philippines-accused-of-trafficking-nanny-1.2637556 Y2 - 2014-05-13 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Recruiters charging foreign workers in Ontario illegal fees as high as $12,000 for jobs that might not exist, report finds N2 - The number of temporary foreign workers in Canada has more than tripled since 2000 to 338,213 in 2012 providing a boon for job recruiters, some of whom are exploiting foreign workers, a new report finds. Recruiters are charging fees as high as $12,000 for jobs that might not exist and seizing workers’ passports, the report, published Tuesday by the Metcalf Foundation, says. Such practices persist among live-in caregivers, who are theoretically protected against these practices by Ontario law, as well as migrant workers, who aren’t protected, in other “lower skill” industries such as agriculture, food processing, and cleaning. A1 - Browne, Rachel Y1 - 2014/04/10/ UR - http://business.financialpost.com/2014/04/10/recruiters-charging-foreign-workers-in-ontario-illegal-fees-as-high-as-12000-for-jobs-that-might-not-exist-report-finds/ Y2 - 2014-04-14 JA - Financial Post ER - TY - ADVS T1 - Nanny Recruitment Fees PB - CBC.ca N2 - Why are nannies still paying recruitment fees to work for families in this province. Matt Galloway spoke with Fay Faraday. She is a human rights and constitutional lawyer in Toronto. A1 - Faraday, Fay A1 - CBC News ,  Y1 - 2014/04/09/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/metromorning/episodes/2014/04/09/nanny-recruitment-fees/ Y2 - 2014-04-14 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - New Ontario bill to protect migrants is doomed: Study N2 - Just as Ontario is considering expanding its protection of migrant workers, a new study warns it's doomed to fail if existing loopholes are not fixed. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2014/04/08/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/immigration/2014/04/08/new_ontario_bill_to_protect_migrants_is_doomed_study.html Y2 - 2014-04-14 JA - Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario laws failing to prevent migrant workers from exploitation, abuse N2 - Jordan Chittley, Kevin Newman Live Published Tuesday, April 8, 2014 7:27PM EDT Last Updated Wednesday, April 9, 2014 2:09PM EDT When Liza Draman came to Canada in 2007 she paid $3,500 to a recruiter to get a job as a live-in caregiver. According to human rights lawyer Fay Faraday, $3,500 is on the low end. It can be as high as $15,000 -- and that’s to get a minimum wage job. For some, that’s as much as three years of wages. “That’s money they don’t have on hand,” says Faraday to Kevin Newman Live. “In order to get that money they have to go to an informal lender.” A1 - CTV,  A1 - Jordan Chittley, Kevin Newman Live,  Y1 - 2014/04/08/ UR - http://knlive.ctvnews.ca/ontario-laws-failing-to-prevent-migrant-workers-from-exploitation-abuse-1.1767227 Y2 - 2014-04-14 JA - CTV News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Give the workers rights! (Just not to migrant workers though) A1 - Paz , Adriana A1 - Ramsaroop, Chris Y1 - 2014/03/13/ UR - http://rabble.ca/blogs/bloggers/views-expressed/2014/03/give-workers-rights-just-not-to-migrant-workers-though Y2 - 2014-03-20 JA - Rabble.ca ER - TY - NEWS T1 - British police stunned by intensity of 'emotional control' over women held as slaves A1 - Waldie, Paul Y1 - 2013/11/22/ UR - http://m.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/couple-in-centre-of-uk-enslavement-case-released-on-bail/article15559178/?service=mobile Y2 - 2013-12-19 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Exploited for profit, failed by governments : Indonesian migrant domestic workers trafficked to Hong Kong N1 - **: The inability to find new employment in the two-week time limit leaves migrant domestic workers with little choice but to remain in abusive and/or exploitative conditions or accept jobs with unfavourable work conditions in order to maintain their immigration status. In 2006, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women,370 raised concerns that the Two-Week Rule pushes “foreign domestic workers to accept employment which may have unfair or abusive terms and conditions in order to stay in Hong Kong” ...In addition to increasing migrant domestic worker’s vulnerability to exploitative and abusive working conditions, the Two-Week Rule also significantly impedes their ability to access redress mechanisms in Hong Kong -p.76 CY - London PB - Amnesty International N2 - The workers are not tied to a single employer. However, if they leave their employer, they only have 2 weeks to find another, or else they fall under irregular status, a policy which acts similar to employer bondage. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2013/// KW - Trafficking UR - https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA17/029/2013/en/ Y2 - 2015-11-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "The Paper that You Have in Your Hand is My Freedom": Migrant Domestic Work and the Sponsorship (Kafala) System in Lebanon IS - 2 PB - University of Cape Town N2 - In this paper, I argue that the portrayal of violations of MDW rights as abuse of one set of women by another is inherently problematic on several fronts. It privatizes the structural problem of workers' and immigrant rights violations, delegates it to the household, and absolves the state of its responsibility. Moreover, the focus on abusive employers takes attention away from teh root of the problem - the inherently exploitative system of migration and recruitment in the region, the sponsorship system. The sponsorship system not only creates conditions for much of these violations, but also systematically produces a new population of readily exploitative worker - the category of "illegal workers". Oral histories and interviews with individual workers are employed to analyze the process by which illegal workers are "produced" in Lebanon. Finally, focus group discussions highlight critical policy recommendations made by the workers themselves, which address the systemic bases of their exploitation in Lebanon. A1 - Pande, Amrita Y1 - 2013/// JA - International Migration Review VL - 47 SP - 414 M2 - 414 SP - 414 - 441 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - B.C. man sentenced to 18 months in nanny-trafficking case PB - Candian Press A1 - The Canadian Press,  Y1 - 2013/10/13/ UR - http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/b-c-man-sentenced-to-18-months-in-nanny-trafficking-case-1.1498089 Y2 - 2013-12-19 JA - CTV News ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Tout accepter pour la résidence permanente PB - Publibook N2 - Le Canada accueille chaque année plus de 7 000 aides familiales, qui ont l’obligation de résider chez leur employeur pour une période de 24 mois (ou 3 900 heures durant les 48 mois suivant leur arrivée au pays). Ces aides familiales « sont qualifiées pour fournir sans supervision des soins à domicile à des enfants, à des personnes âgées ou à des personnes handicapées [et] doivent habiter dans la résidence privée où ils travaillent au Canada », comme le rapporte le site de Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada. A1 - Bilala, Diane-Valérie Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.gazettedesfemmes.ca/7132/travailleuses-domestiques-etrangeres-assignees-a-residence/ Y2 - 2013-10-09 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Subcontractor Servitude PB - New York Times N2 - THE words “guest workers” and “strike” are not often seen together. Yet twice this summer, members of a group of more than 150 Jamaican guest workers who clean luxury Florida hotels and condos walked off the job. The workers came to the United States in April anticipating a summer of hard work and decent earnings to send home. Instead, they encountered the black hole of labor subcontracting. A1 - Gordon, Jennifer Y1 - 2013/// KW - États-Unis JA - New York Times SP - 2 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Husband guilty in Filipina nanny human trafficking case N2 - Wife Nicole Huen found not guilty of all charges. A1 - CBC News - BC,  Y1 - 2013/// UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2013/06/26/bc-filipina-nanny-trafficking-verdict.html?cmp=rss&utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Y2 - 2013-07-15 JA - CBCNews ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Wife of B.C. man found guilty of enslaving nanny speaks out N2 - 'The only thing we are guilty [of] is being too soft-hearted,' wife says. A1 - CBC News - BC,  Y1 - 2013/06/28/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2013/06/28/bc-nanny-trial-franco-orr-speaks.html?autoplay=true Y2 - 2013-07-16 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Vancouver man convicted of human trafficking in Filipino nanny case A1 - Canadian Press,  Y1 - 2013/06/26/ UR - http://www.vancouversun.com/news/metro/Vancouver+convicted+human+trafficking+Filipino+nanny+case/8584298/story.html Y2 - 2013-07-11 JA - The Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Live-In-Caregiver program questioned as jury prepares to decide on accusations of enslavement A1 - Pablo, Carlito Y1 - 2013/06/24/ UR - http://www.straight.com/news/394531/live-caregiver-program-questioned-jury-prepares-decide-accusations-enslavement Y2 - 2013-07-11 JA - Straight.com ER - TY - NEWS T1 - OFWs warned vs recruiter A1 - Santos, Tina G. Y1 - 2013/06/22/ UR - http://globalnation.inquirer.net/78423/ofws-warned-vs-recruiter#ixzz2YljghsDk Y2 - 2013-07-11 JA - Inquirer Global Nation ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Nanny denies defence's suggestions A1 - Fraser, Keith Y1 - 2013/06/09/ UR - http://www.theprovince.com/news/Nanny+denies+defence+suggestions/8500091/story.html Y2 - 2013-06-18 JA - The Province ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers allegedly paid $3 an hour in Halifax granted reprieve from deportation A1 - Trafford, Erin Y1 - 2013/04/24/ UR - http://globalnews.ca/news/507946/29-foreign-workers-granted-reprieve-from-deportation/ Y2 - 2013-04-29 JA - Global News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Indian migrant workers return home with horror tales from UAE PB - The Times of India Y1 - 2013/04/13/ KW - India KW - Migrant workers returnees UR - http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-13/middle-east-news/37078330_1_migrant-rights-council-mrc-uae-government Y2 - 2013-04-26 JA - The Times of India ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Kuwait’s Ineffective and Inequitable Crackdown on Undocumented Workers PB - Migrantrights Y1 - 2013/03/20/ KW - Kuwait KW - Trangression KW - Undocument Migrant Workers UR - http://www.migrant-rights.org/2013/03/20/kuwaits-ineffective-and-inequitable-crackdown-on-undocumented-workers/ Y2 - 2013-03-28 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Caregiver sues employer over lost wages Claims no wages paid despite four years of work A1 - Canadian Press,  A1 - Funk, Rebekah Y1 - 2013/03/16/ JA - The Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - World’s domestic workers toil in penury and danger A1 - Goar, Carol Y1 - 2013/01/13/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorialopinion/article/1314096--goar-world-s-domestic-workers-toil-in-penury-and-danger Y2 - 2013-01-16 JA - The Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid CY - UK PB - The Guardian Y1 - 2013/01/13/ KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Maids KW - Death Sentence UR - http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/13/saudi-arabia-treatment-foreign-workers Y2 - 2013-04-28 JA - The Guardian ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Law Leaves Migrant Workers Dangling Precariously N2 - Alfredo Sales knew blowing whistle on his boss was a huge risk. Fear is built into Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program. Third in a series. A1 - Alarcon, Krystle Y1 - 2013/01/09/ UR - http://thetyee.ca/News/2013/01/09/Migrant-Worker-Laws/ Y2 - 2013-01-15 JA - The Tyee ER - TY - NEWS T1 - The Invisibles: Migrant Workers in Canada N2 - Reports of exploited foreign temps have grown as fast as the federal program. First in a series. A1 - Alarcon, Krystle Y1 - 2013/01/07/ UR - http://thetyee.ca/News/2013/01/07/Canada-Migrant-Workers/ Y2 - 2013-01-15 JA - The Tyee ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Aides résidantes familiales: la galère continue N2 - Chaque année, des centaines d'immigrantes arrivent au Québec comme aides familiales résidantes. Géré par Québec et par Ottawa, ce programme d'immigration leur permet de demander la résidence permanente, si elles effectuent, en 4 ans, 24 mois de travail déclaré. Pour obtenir la résidence, elles laissent leurs familles derrière elles, déboursent parfois des milliers de dollars, et acceptent des conditions de travail difficiles. Vulnérables par leur statut, elles peuvent devenir les proies d'agences de placement pas toujours scrupuleuses. Et en dépit des améliorations apportées au programme par le gouvernement fédéral, la donne n'a guère changé, racontent-elles. A1 - Nicoud, Anabelle Y1 - 2012/12/14/ UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/quebec-canada/national/201212/08/01-4602086-aides-residantes-familiales-la-galere-continue.php Y2 - 2012-12-14 JA - La Presse SP - 2 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Juripop, l'AAFQ et UES-FTQ annoncent la création d'une clinique juridique pour les femmes admises au Québec à titre d'aide familiale A1 - Juripop,  A1 - AAFQ,  A1 - UES-FTQ,  Y1 - 2012/11/29/ T3 - Communiqués de l'AAFQ ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Ottawa to announce review of controversial Temporary Foreign Worker program A1 - Oneil, Peter Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.canada.com/Ottawa+announce+review+controversial+Temporary+Foreign+Worker+program/7520191/story.html Y2 - 2012-11-14 JA - canada.com ER - TY - CHAP T1 - (Res)sentiment and Practices of Hope: The Labours of Filipina Live-in Caregivers in Filipino Canadian Families
 CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press A1 - Davidson, Lisa M. Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.utppublishing.com/Filipinos-in-Canada-Disturbing-Invisibility.html Y2 - 2012-11-01 T2 - Filipinos in Canada: Disturbing Invisibility ER - TY - RPRT T1 - First Victory for Filipina Live-in Caregivers : Superior Court Gave Green Light to Hearing Case against Quebec Human Rights Commission A1 - PINAY,  Y1 - 2012/10/22/ ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Canada Court Hears Case of Filipina Caregivers CY - Chicago et Las Vegas A1 - Lariosa, Joseph G. Y1 - 2012/09/25/ KW - Filipino KW - Exploitation KW - Abuse KW - Superior Court of Quebec KW - Human Rights Commission KW - fees KW - discrimination UR - http://www.usnewslasvegas.com/photo/canada-court-hears-case-of-filipina-caregivers/ UR - http://www.mabuhayradio.com/health-and-medicine/canada-court-hears-case-of-filipina-caregivers Y2 - 2014-04-16 JA - Mabuhay Radio ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Filipina Live-in Caregivers Seek $90,000 in damages against Human Rights Commission for Negligent Inquiry and Failure to Protect A1 - PINAY,  Y1 - 2012/09/18/ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Des aides familiales dans les limbes administratifs CY - Montréal N2 - Chaque année, des centaines d'immigrantes arrivent au Québec comme aides familiales résidantes. Géré par Québec et par Ottawa, ce programme d'immigration leur permet de demander la résidence permanente, si elles effectuent, en 4 ans, 24 mois de travail déclaré. Pour obtenir la résidence, elles laissent leurs familles derrière elles, déboursent parfois des milliers de dollars, et acceptent des conditions de travail difficiles. Vulnérables par leur statut, elles peuvent devenir les proies d'agences de placement pas toujours scrupuleuses. Et en dépit des améliorations apportées au programme par le gouvernement fédéral, la donne n'a guère changé, racontent-elles. A1 - Nicoud, Anabelle Y1 - 2012/// UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/national/201212/08/01-4602086-aides-residantes-familiales-la-galere-continue.php Y2 - 2016-06-13 JA - La Presse montréal SP - 19 M2 - 19 SP - A19 ER - TY - CASE T1 - Leys v Likhanga, 2012 CanLII 29267 (ON LRB) A2 - 2012 CanLII 29267 (ON LRB) PB - ONTARIO LABOUR RELATIONS BOARD A1 - ONTARIO LABOUR RELATIONS BOARD,  Y1 - 2012/05/29/ UR - http://unik.caij.qc.ca/default.aspx?&unikid=en/on/onlrb/doc/2012/2012canlii29267/2012canlii29267 Y2 - 2014-05-29 ER - TY - ADVS T1 - The Bigger Picture - Disposable labour PB - GlobalNews N2 - Thousands of foreign workers come here each year for low paid, low skill jobs that most Canadians don’t want – and they’re happy to get them. But as 16x9 discovered – many of those workers say they’ve been ripped off and exploited. Read it on Global News: Disposable labour - 16x9 - Videos | Global News A1 - GlobalNews,  Y1 - 2012/05/01/ UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/disposable+labour/video.html?v=2228323126#video UR - http://www.globalnews.ca/video/index.html?v=w9utwyzJOBfy4KM4sZY1CnxrgQqbychN#video Y2 - 2012-05-15 ER - TY - PAMP T1 - Travailleurs migrants au Canada: Main-d'oeuvre bon marché facilement abusée PB - Conseil Canadien pour les réfugiés N2 - Frais de recrutement exorbitants, heures supplémentaires imposées et non rémunérées, conditions de travail dangereuses, piètres conditions de vie... Ce ne sont là que quelques exemples des nombreux abus subis par des travailleurs migrants au Canada. Ce document de quatre pages peut être utilisé aux fins de sensibilisation et éducation publique A1 - Conseil canadien pour les réfugiés,  Y1 - 2012/04/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/files/travailleursmigrants4pages.pdf Y2 - 2012-04-14 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Human trafficking affects foreign workers A1 - Thompson, Suzy Y1 - 2012/03/29/ UR - http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/news-views/news/human-trafficking-affects-foreign-workers-8937/ Y2 - 2012-04-30 JA - Fast Forward Weekly In a report released on March 23, ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - The life and times of a Sri Lankan migrant worker PB - International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) Y1 - 2012/03/27/ UR - http://www.wsws.org/articles/2012/mar2012/sril-m27.shtml Y2 - 2012-11-23 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Migrant workers face systemic discrimination, Que. rights commission says A1 - White, Marianna Y1 - 2012/02/21/ UR - http://migrantscanada.wordpress.com/2012/02/21/migrant-workers-face-systemic-discrimination-que-rights-commission-says/ UR - http://migrantscanada.wordpress.com/2012/02/21/migrant-workers-face-systemic-discrimination-que-rights-commission-says/ Y2 - 2012-02-22 JA - Postmedia News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Québec doit modifier sa loi et ses programmes en matière d’immigration pour mettre fin à la discrimination systémique des travailleuses et travailleurs migrants N2 - La Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse demande au gouvernement du Québec de réviser sa législation et ses programmes en matière d’immigration pour mettre fin à la discrimination systémique dont sont victimes les travailleurs migrants. Dans un avis rendu public aujourd’hui, la Commission conclut que les aides familiales résidantes, les travailleurs agricoles saisonniers et les autres travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu spécialisés sont victimes de discrimination systémique en raison de leur origine ethnique ou nationale, de leur race, de leur condition sociale, de leur langue et, dans le cas des aides familiales résidantes, de leur sexe. « Notre avis expose clairement la situation de grande vulnérabilité dans laquelle se trouvent ces travailleurs migrants », a précisé le président de la Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse, monsieur Gaétan Cousineau. « Ce sont pourtant des personnes qui bénéficient de la protection de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne au même titre que les résidents permanents ou les citoyens. Elles font partie du tissu social et contribuent à la vie économique du Québec. » En 2010, le Québec a accueilli près de 7 000 travailleurs migrants peu spécialisés, dont la plupart étaient originaires du Guatemala, du Mexique et des Antilles qui ont été employés principalement dans le secteur agricole. De ce nombre, environ 400 aides familiales résidantes, en majorité originaires des Philippines, travaillaient dans des familles québécoises comme gardiennes d’enfant ou aides domestiques. La Commission est d’avis que la vulnérabilité dans laquelle se retrouvent ces travailleurs migrants exerce une pression à la baisse sur les conditions de travail de l’ensemble des travailleurs qui œuvrent dans ces secteurs. D’ailleurs, en l’absence de travailleurs migrants, bien des employeurs québécois seraient obligés d’améliorer les conditions de travail insatisfaisantes dans ces domaines d’emploi. Le gouvernement du Québec devrait viser la création d’un programme d’immigration permanente plutôt que temporaire et ainsi limiter le recours aux travailleurs migrants, selon la Commission. De même, cette dernière demande au ministère de l’Immigration et des Communautés culturelles de n’accepter que des travailleurs disposant d’un permis de travail sectoriel et d’interdire l’obligation de résider chez l’employeur. Cette obligation peut compromettre plusieurs droits protégés par la Charte, dont le droit à la vie privée et l’inviolabilité de la demeure. La constante disponibilité physique des aides familiales résidantes rend également difficile la distinction entre leur vie privée et leur vie professionnelle, ce qui peut compliquer, entre autres, le calcul du temps supplémentaire. .../2 Présentement, en raison de leur statut d’immigration, les travailleurs migrants doivent détenir un permis de travail limité à un seul emploi et à un seul employeur qui les contraint aussi à demeurer chez leur employeur. Cela restreint, non seulement leur liberté d’établissement et leur accès au programme de regroupement familial, mais porte également atteinte à leur droit à la liberté et leur droit à des conditions de travail justes et raisonnables qui respectent leur santé, leur sécurité et leur intégrité physique. En outre, comme les travailleurs migrants ont de la difficulté à établir leur résidence, ils sont exclus des programmes de protection sociale et n’ont pas droit, notamment, à l’aide juridique, à l’aide sociale, à l’instruction publique (à la discrétion des commissions scolaires) et aux programmes de soutien à l’intégration des immigrants, y compris les cours de francisation, alors que la majorité de ces travailleurs sont hispanophones ou anglophones. « Une meilleure connaissance du français pourrait pourtant les aider à obtenir des résultats supérieurs dans la grille de sélection des travailleurs indépendants », précise l’avis de la Commission. Par ailleurs, dans certaines circonstances, les travailleurs migrants sont exclus de certaines dispositions du Code de travail, de la Loi sur les normes du travail, de la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail et de la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles. Par conséquent, ils n’ont pas droit aux mêmes conditions de travail et salariales que les travailleurs québécois qui font le même travail, particulièrement en ce qui a trait aux heures supplémentaires et aux congés payés. Afin de prévenir les abus, la Commission recommande que le gouvernement du Québec encadre mieux les activités des agences de recrutement des travailleurs migrants et offre une meilleure protection à ces travailleurs qui risquent d’être renvoyés dans leur pays s’ils sont impliqués dans un litige ou s’ils déposent une plainte. Elle recommande donc la mise en place d’un mécanisme de recours en cas de rapatriement par l’employeur, le consulat du pays d’origine ou encore de l’Agence des services frontaliers du Canada, dans le cadre du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers. Depuis 2005, la Commission est intervenue à de nombreuses reprises en faveur des aides familiales résidantes et des travailleurs agricoles migrants se trouvant au Québec et participe, depuis 2008, aux travaux du Comité interministériel permanent sur la protection des travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu spécialisés. L’avis « La discrimination systémique à l’égard des travailleuses et de travailleurs migrants » est disponible à l’adresse www.cdpdj.qc.ca. Des résumés, en français et en anglais, sont aussi disponibles à la même adresse. -30- Source : Julie Lajoye 514 873-5146 ou 1 800 361-6477 poste 230 Julie.lajoye@cdpdj.qc.ca A1 - CDPDJ,  Y1 - 2012/02/20/ UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/publications/Documents/Avis_travailleurs_immigrants.pdf UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/publications/Documents/Avis_travailleurs_immigrants_resume.pdf Y2 - 2012-02-22 T3 - Avis juridiques de la CDPDJ ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Quebec must revise its immigration law and programs to put an end to the systemic discrimination of migrant workers A1 - Quebec Human Right Commission,  Y1 - 2012/02/20/ UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/Documents/COMM_travailleurs_migrants_En_fev2012.pdf UR - http://www2.cdpdj.qc.ca/publications/Documents/Avis_travailleurs_immigrants_resume.pdf Y2 - 2012-02-23 T3 - CDPDJ Press Releases ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Ontario crash sheds light on plight of migrant workers A1 - Mehler Paperny, Anna A1 - Bascaramurty, Dakshana Y1 - 2012/02/07/ UR - http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ontario-crash-sheds-light-on-plight-of-migrant-workers/article2330406/ Y2 - 2012-02-28 JA - The Globe and Mail ER - TY - PAMP T1 - Migrant Workers: Used and Abused CY - Montreal PB - Canadian Council for Refugees N2 - Charged exorbitant recruitment fees, forces to work unpaid overtime, subjected to dangerous working conditions, housed in sub-standard living conditions... these are just some of the abuses endured by migrant workers in Canada. This four-page document can be used for awareness-raising and public education. A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees (CCR),  Y1 - 2012/02/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/en/migrant-workers-used-and-abused Y2 - 2012-04-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mistreatment of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: Overcoming Regulatory Barriers and Realities on the Ground CY - Montréal PB - Quebec Metropolis Center A1 - Depatie-Pelletier, Eugénie A1 - Rahi, Khan Y1 - 2011/// ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human rights and health disparities for migrant workers in the UAE IS - 2 CY - USA PB - Health and Human Rights International Journal N2 - Systematic violations of migrant workers’ human rights and striking health disparities among these populations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are the norm in member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Migrant laborers comprise about 90 percent of the UAE workforce and include approximately 500,000 construction workers and 450,000 domestic workers. Like many other GCC members countries, the UAE witnessed an unprecedented construction boom during the early 2000s, attracting large numbers of Western expatriates and increasing demand for cheap migrant labor. Elite Emiratis’ and Western expatriates’ dependence on household staff further promoted labor migration. This paper offers a summary of existing literature on migrant workers and human rights in the UAE, focusing on their impact on related health ramifications and disparities, with specific attention to construction workers, domestic workers, and trafficked women and children. Construction workers and domestic laborers are victims of debt bondage and face severe wage exploitation, and experience serious health and safety problems resulting from inhumane work and living conditions. High rates of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse impact the health of domestic workers. Through a review of available literature, including official reports, scientific papers, and media reports, the paper discusses the responsibility of employers, governments, and the global community in mitigating these problems and reveals the paucity of systematic data on the health of migrant workers in the Gulf. A1 - Sönmez, Sevil A1 - Apostopoulos, Yorghos A1 - Tran, Diane A1 - Rentrope, Shantyana Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.hhrjournal.org/index.php/hhr/article/view/435/665 Y2 - 2012-11-25 JA - Health and Human Rights International Journal (hhijournal)) VL - 13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - False Promises: Exploitation and Forced Labour of Nepalese Migrant Workers IS - ASA31/007/2011 CY - London PB - Amnesty International N2 - This paper is about government obligation to prevent trafficking for forced labor. What are the incentives encourage workers to migrate abroad. The role of recruitment agencies that its engagement in providing the services the migrant workers do not help the workers to be a better situation, but makes the workers to be in debt. It also talks about the discrimination against female migration and it introduces abusive cases of domestic workers and other workers in the construction side. It also discusses about the challenges that government faces in imposing the regulations on migrations. The paper is concluded with recommendations. A1 - Amnesty International, International Secretariat,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/ASA31/007/2011/en/ Y2 - 2015-11-06 ER - TY - CASE T1 - CAW-Canada v. Presteve Foods Ltd. -Interim decision on expert evidence N1 - Granted. A2 - 2011 HRTO 1581 PB - Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario A1 - Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario,  Y1 - 2011/// J2 - 2009-02443-I and 2010-06274-I to 2010-06299-I ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary Filipino workers on front line of growing debate A1 - Todd, Douglas Y1 - 2011/07/05/ UR - http://j4mw.tumblr.com/post/7273109133 UR - http://www2.canada.com/vancouversun/columnists/story.html?id=fa3ace6a-a937-4f1a-ba5b-46b7581f00fd Y2 - 2011-07-06 JA - The Vancouver Sun ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Canada destination for Philippines human trafficking ring: Report N2 - A suspected human smuggling ring that would have brought several dozen Filipinos to Quebec was broken last week, according to a Philippines news site. Jennifer Bacus was arrested after police rescued 25 people in Davao City who had been promised jobs as bellboys, housekeepers and hotel receptionists. A1 - Justicia for Migrant Workers,  Y1 - 2011/06/22/ UR - http://j4mw.tumblr.com/post/6784937654 UR - http://www.allvoices.com/news/9459082-canada-destination-for-philippines-human-trafficking-ring-report Y2 - 2011-06-28 ER - TY - CASE T1 - Commission des normes du travail c D'Amour PB - Cour du Quebec N2 - La Commission des Normes du Travail ("la Commission") réclame aux défendeurs, pour le compte d'une salariée, Adeltrudes De Belen[1] ("De Belen"), la somme de 2 969,57$, à titre de salaire, temps supplémentaire, congé férié et indemnité de congé annuel impayés, ainsi que la somme de 593,91$, soit 20% de la somme réclamée, conformément à l'article 114 al.2 de la Loi sur les normes du travail ("la Loi"). Les défendeurs reconnaissent devoir certaines sommes dues à De Belen, mais allèguent que celle-ci leur doit du salaire payé en trop : ils demandent que compensation soit faite entre cette réclamation et celle de la Commission. Le Tribunal est d'avis que l'ensemble de la preuve démontre, par prépondérance, le bien-fondé de la réclamation de la Commission. Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://unik.caij.qc.ca/default.aspx?&unikid=fr/qc/qccq/doc/2011/2011qccq12060/2011qccq120%2060#s=~_d0!2!1!!1!6!1!7!0!1!!2!!!3!1!0!_d2!French!English!Spanish!cc85e324-b238-4b08-b29f-6f4fc98525f4!Doctrine!Jurisprudence!783!Commission+des+normes+du+travail+c+D'Amour!h%24TOUT%24ctl00%24ctl03%24ModalBox%24test%24EmailQuery!-1%240%249216.6183%24file%3A//sv-concerto/indexingdata/canlii/fr/qc/qccq/doc/2011/2011qccq12060/2011qccq12060.html!%40syslanguage!advcbls%7C%40syslanguage!CrMrNrxrwrtrBqaqvpuspLpqRqvpuspSpzpxpQpOpPpqEqvpuspwpqFqvpuspDpzpxpGpJpKpqIqvpuspwpwpHpApypApypqqrBqqqrsr!_d8!2!OR!MM/JJ!TOUT!4!_d0!advcbls%7C%40sourcedudroit!caij_mode!dadf!L%C3%A9gislation!_d1!AAAA!%40sourcedudroit!_d6!!yqQquSpRpNpwppxpwpxpvppvpppMpwpvpPpOpYpXp0pZpUpTpWpxpVpEpDpGpFpCpApBpzpKpJppLpqyprpIpqHqypspqtq! Y2 - 2015-06-09 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Progressive Filipino Canadian women once again denounce the Live-in Caregiver Program PB - Magkaisa Centre N2 - The Philippine Women Centre of Ontario (PWC-ON) offers its support to Vivian de Jesus and Lilliane Namukasa’s struggles as overworked and underpaid workers under the modern-day slavery Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). A1 - Magkaisa Centre,  Y1 - 2011/06/01/ UR - http://www.magkaisacentre.org/2011/06/01/wage-theft/ Y2 - 2011-06-02 T3 - Magkaisa Centre ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Nanny sues boss for $195K over 'wage theft' N2 - Ugandan immigrant was paid $100 a month for 16-hour days, lawsuit says A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2011/05/29/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2011/05/29/toronto-nanny-suing.html Y2 - 2011-06-27 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers uniting to seek better treatment N2 - Foreign farm workers, nannies and other temporary labourers in Canada are forming a united front to fight for better treatment by employers. A1 - Keung, Nicholas Y1 - 2011/05/29/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/article/999205--foreign-workers-uniting-to-seek-better-treatment Y2 - 2011-06-27 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Documentary tells stories of foreign workers N1 - Junko Ota-Paul learned her rights the hard way when she came to Canada four years ago as a live-in caregiver. Ota-Paul said her employer, who hired her from the Philippines under Canada's temporary foreign worker program, paid her less than $8 per hour. "I don't think that the money you get every month would be enough for you to save up for yourself and send money back home to your family," she said. But when she tried to find other work, her employer threatened her with deportation. Her boyfriend at the time (now husband), who was familiar with various immigrant and women's rights organizations, helped her fight for her right to leave her job, but stay in the country. Ota-Paul's loss of rights is a familiar story for many temporary foreign workers in this country. This includes the $10-million class action lawsuit launched earlier this year against the company that owns Denny's restaurants in B.C. for not fulfilling contract terms of over 50 migrant workers. That's why Ota-Paul shared her story as part of a multimedia project, Foreign Worker, Local Neighbours, launched by Mayor Gregor Robertson's working group on immigration. A documentary made for the project shares the stories of Ota-Paul, Ronald Arcos, a worker in the food and service industry, and Luis Almazan, a visual effects editor. Both came to Canada under the temporary foreign worker program. Producer and project consultant Devon Wong said the film is an entry point for the public to understand problems with the temporary foreign worker program and difficulties these workers face. "There are more and more worker abuse stories covered in the media in the last few years," she said. "But yet there hasn't been any exploration of the program's social impact." Vancouver councillor Geoff Meggs, co-chair of the working group, said there are more temporary foreign workers coming to Vancouver than immigrants, but service funding only targets immigrants. "These aren't just arms and legs," Meggs said. "These are human beings and people with rights and aspirations." There are more than 38,000 temporary foreign workers in Metro Vancouver, and more are expected each year, according to the multimedia project's website, www.tfwvancouver.ca. Meggs said he hopes the project will inform the working group's future recommendations on how these workers impact the city and how best to help them. The documentary will screen at 3: 30 p.m. on Saturday in the Alice Mackay Room, Vancouver Public Library. It will be followed by a public forum. N2 - Junko Ota-Paul learned her rights the hard way when she came to Canada four years ago as a live-in caregiver. Ota-Paul said her employer, who hired her from the Philippines under Canada's temporary foreign worker program, paid her less than $8 per hour. A1 - Law, Stephanie Y1 - 2011/05/27/ JA - The Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Documentary tells stories of foreign workers N2 - Project features those who have lost their rights. A1 - Law, Stephanie Y1 - 2011/05/27/ UR - http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Documentary+tells+stories+foreign+workers/4847930/story.html Y2 - 2011-06-27 JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Celebrate Black History Month EVERYDAY! PB - UFCW Canada N2 - In December 1995, the House of Commons gave its unanimous consent to, “take note of the important contribution of black Canadians to the settlement, growth and development of Canada, the diversity of the black community in Canada and its importance to the history of this country, and recognize February as Black History Month.” It is month to acknowledge a history that dates back in Canada to 1603, and the four centuries to follow, as Canadians of African descent helped build and defend the country we all call home. It is a month for all Canadians to recognize the diverse contributions that Black Canadians have made, and continue to make to our politics, culture, science, business, and the social justice and the trade union movements. As one of the world’s most diverse nations — and better for it — the history of our Black brothers and sisters is a part of Canadian history we should all know. We should know that in 1793, Lieutenant Governor John Simcoe pressured the government of Upper Canada to pass the Anti-Slavery Act. This action catalyzed an anti-slave movement that eventually led to the abolishment of slavery throughout the British Empire. But, equally as important, we should also be aware that as late as 1965, some schools in Ontario were still segregated, and federal immigration barriers existed to restrict Black newcomers from the Caribbean and Africa. To Download our UFCW Canada 2011 Black History Month Poster Click Here <http://www.ufcw.ca/templates/ufcwcanada/images/news/bhm_poster8x11_en.pdf> While such overt legislative racism is considered legally unacceptable, racism lingers in numerous other ways to note some examples: in wage and promotion discrimination in Canadian workplaces; racial profiling by authorities; and systemically as Black Canadians, as with other racialized Canadians, in failing to be proportionately represented in leadership and decision making roles in almost all Canadian organizations and business. It is not a surprise that a third of Black Canadians report they have experienced blatant racism at work or in the community. An odious barrier to racialized immigrants also appears in the form of the federal government’s Temporary Foreign Worker program (TFWP). The tentacles of the TFWP lures workers to Canada, mostly from the Global South, and often creates an environment of indentureship but prohibits these workers from permanently immigrating to Canada if they so choose. So the fight for justice continues. We must all celebrate and learn from a history that has spanned the deepest of inequities to the highest of achievements. We must stand with together in solidarity to work towards a future where inequality is a thing of the past. Not just in February, but everyday. In solidarity, Wayne Hanley National President A1 - United Food and Commercial Workers,  Y1 - 2011/// UR - http://www.ufcw.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1022%3Ablack-history-month&catid=6%3Adirections-newsletter&Itemid=6&lang=en Y2 - 2011-05-25 T3 - UFCW Canada Human Rights ER - TY - THES T1 - L'encadrement juridique des intermédiaires intervenant dans les migrations transfrontalières de la main-d'oeuvre : le cas des travailleuses domestiques au Canada CY - Montréal PB - Université du Québec à Montréal N2 - Si les intermédiaires entre un travailleur migrant et un futur employeur peuvent faciliter les rapports et l'établissement de contrats officiels, ils peuvent aussi être à la source de plusieurs problèmes. La qualité du service fourni est très variable de l'un à l'autre, il s'agit là d'une très grande partie du problème. Fausses représentations, frais élevés, emplois inexistants ou illégaux, confiscation de documents personnels ne sont que quelques-uns des exemples de pratiques abusives d'intermédiaires. Dans ces circonstances, l'encadrement juridique de leur pratique joue un rôle crucial. Bien que plusieurs catégories de travailleurs puissent être victimes de ces intermédiaires peu scrupuleux, le problème est particulièrement criant dans le cas des travailleuses domestiques. Ces salariées sont dans l'immense majorité des femmes qui travaillent seules au domicile d'un particulier et dont le travail n'a pas pour but de produire une valeur ajoutée, ce qui accroît leur vulnérabilité. Dans le but de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par les intermédiaires, la recherche vise à analyser l'encadrement juridique qui existe, autant en droit international qu'en droit national canadien, fédéral et provincial. En juxtaposant les problèmes créés par l'intervention des intermédiaires que nous avons recensés dans la littérature, aux règles encadrant leur pratique, nous sommes en mesure d'en déceler les lacunes et de proposer quelques pistes de réflexion. Tout porte à croire que l'intervention d'un intermédiaire dans le processus de migration augmente le risque d'exploitation et de marchandisation des travailleuses domestiques. Même si la législation n'est pas la seule solution au problème, d'aucuns seront d'accord sur le fait qu'une meilleure réglementation des intermédiaires aura une influence importante et positive sur les travailleuses domestiques. A1 - Giroux-Gareau, Émilie Y1 - 2011/04/01/ UR - http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3981/1/M11987.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-20 VL - LL.M. T2 - Sciences juridiques SP - 191 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Immigration officials target bad employers N2 - Federal immigration officials are creating a database of "bad employers" who are blacklisted for abusing a foreign worker program and banned from bringing employees to Canada for two years. A1 - Godfrey, Tom Y1 - 2011/02/27/ UR - http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2011/02/27/17426801.html Y2 - 2011-06-28 JA - Toronto Sun ER - TY - PCOMM T1 - Sri Lankan Domestic Workers Stranded in Jordan A2 - H.E. Prime Minister Samir al-Rifai PB - Human Rights Watch Y1 - 2011/01/27/ KW - Sri Lankan Domestic Workers KW - Jordan UR - http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/01/27/sri-lankan-domestic-workers-stranded-jordan Y2 - 2012-11-23 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - SRI LANKA: Government seeks to boost migrant labour skills CY - Colombo, Sri Lanka PB - Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN) Y1 - 2010/12/10/ KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Sri Lankan Domestic Workers KW - Abuse case UR - http://www.irinnews.org/Report/91319/SRI-LANKA-Government-seeks-to-boost-migrant-labour-skills Y2 - 2012-11-23 ER - TY - CASE T1 - Gorenshtein & ICN Consulting Inc. v. Tagirova, 2010 BCPC 384 (CanLII) A2 - 2010 BCPC 384 (CanLII), PB - Provincial Court of British Columbia A1 - Provincial Court of British Columbia,  Y1 - 2010/10/19/ UR - http://unik.caij.qc.ca/default.aspx?&unikid=en/bc/bcpc/doc/2010/2010bcpc384/2010bcpc384 Y2 - 2014-05-15 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Kuwait's abused domestic workers have 'nowhere to turn' PB - BBC A1 - Pathirana, Saroj Y1 - 2010/10/13/ UR - http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11444167 Y2 - 2012-11-23 JA - BBCnews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immigration Policy Shifts: From Nation Building to Temporary Migration IS - Spring/printemps CY - Montréal PB - Association for Canadian Studies / Association d'études canadiennes A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees (CCR),  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-09-23 JA - Canadian Issues/Thèmes canadiens SP - 90 M2 - 90 SP - 90-93 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Forced to Care: Coercion and Caregiving in America CY - Boston PB - Harvard University Press A1 - Nakano Glen, Evelyn Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/Forced-Care-Coercion-Caregiving-America/dp/0674048792/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1312575783&sr=1-1 Y2 - 2011-08-05 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient servitude: migrant labour in Canada and the apartheid of citizenship IS - 1 CY - Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC PB - SAGE publications N2 - Shifts in Canada’s immigration policy, most recently linked to the Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) with the US and Mexico, have created an increased reliance on temporary migrant workers, who constitute a disposable workforce, driven from their own countries by the same forces of neoliberal capitalism which foster their super-exploitation in the Canadian labour market. In this article, the operation of two migrant worker programmes, the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) and Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP), are considered in the context of the province of British Columbia. The various means by which migrant workers are maintained in a state of vulnerability, available as a pool of cheap labour but excluded from belonging to the nation, are discussed. The article concludes by examining examples and further possibilities of alliances across social movements in BC in order to advance the struggle for human dignity. A1 - Walia, Harsha Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://rac.sagepub.com/content/52/1/71 Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - Race & Class VL - 52 SP - 71 M2 - 71 SP - 71-84 ER - TY - GOVDOC T1 - Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, Gulnara Shahinian CY - Geneva PB - UN Human Rights Council N2 - Following a brief overview of activities, the Special Rapporteur focuses on the manifestations and causes of domestic servitude and issues recommendations on how to end this global human rights concern. A1 - Shahinian, Gulnara Y1 - 2010/06/18/ UR - http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/slavery/rapporteur/docs/A.HRC.15.20_FR.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-24 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign workers in Canada afraid N2 - EDMONTON - News of charges against a company accused of mistreating temporary foreign workers brings a sense of grim satisfaction to Lyla Gray. A1 - Hanon, Andrew Y1 - 2010/06/10/ UR - http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2010/06/04/14257086.html Y2 - 2011-07-01 JA - CNews ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Temp Foreign Workers take the fall again for farmers and government N1 - As nine workers arrested, Harper government and farm industry “are both complicit in a system ‎designed to exploit foreign workers and dispose of them,” says national leader of UFCW Canada TORONTO - The Ontario arrest and detainment of nine temporary foreign workers "is the latest ‎example that both the Harper government and the farm industry are both complicit in a system ‎designed to exploit foreign workers and dispose of them," says Wayne Hanley, the National ‎President of UFCW Canada.‎ The workers are Thai nationals who were brought to Canada under the federal government’s ‎Temporary Foreign Workers (TFW) program. They were arrested near the Sarnia agriculture ‎operation where they were employed.‎ TFWs are typically granted a two-year work permit, but an underground system of job brokers ‎tied into the farm industry directs these workers to continue to work "under the table" after ‎their visas expire. The nine TFWs arrested near Sarnia are being held in a Toronto detention ‎centre. The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) confirmed they were arrested "for ‎suspected violations of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act."‎ ‎"What’s really being violated here is the human rights of these workers," says Hanley. "The ‎federal government encourages farmers to import TFWs, specifically because these workers are ‎granted next to no status and are under the radar when it comes to workplace protections."‎ ‎"By deliberately shortchanging these workers of permanent status, what you have is a TFW ‎program that encourages human trafficking," says Hanley. "What confirms it is that while ‎dozens of workers have been arrested over the past year, not one agriculture operation or job ‎broker has yet to be convicted of breaking the rules when it comes to hiring these workers and ‎paying them under the table."‎ ‎"The recent arrests have nothing to do with justice, and everything to do with politics," says ‎Hanley. "These are terror tactics to keep all TFWs afraid and vulnerable. And as soon as the ‎latest victims are shipped out, the federal government’s TFW program brings in a new batch of ‎workers to be exploited."‎ UFCW Canada is the country’s largest private-sector union. In association with the Agriculture ‎Workers Alliance, it operates ten agriculture worker support centers across Canada.‎ PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - As nine workers arrested, Harper government and farm industry “are both complicit in a system ‎designed to exploit foreign workers and dispose of them,” says national leader of UFCW Canada A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2010/e-news-vol3-issue-9/ Y2 - 2011-06-02 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NO RIGHTS, NO RULES: MIGRANT WORKERS IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD & “I AM A FATHER TOO!” EVENT PB - Agriculture Workers Alliance N2 - NO RIGHTS, NO RULES: MIGRANT WORKERS IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD: UFCW Canada and community allies will be hosting an International Migrant Worker Forum on June 20, 2010 in response to the G8/G20 Summit to be held in and around Toronto, Canada. I AM A FATHER TOO!” to FORM THE LARGEST MIGRANT WORKER HUMAN BILLBOARD IN CANADIAN HISTORY: This event shall highlight the devastating effects of family separation and human displacement that has resulted from the migrant and guest worker programs, such as the Canadian Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP), in G8 countries. A1 - Agriculture Workers Alliance,  Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://awa-ata.ca/en/media/e-news-2010/e-news-vol3-issue-15/ Y2 - 2011-06-02 T3 - AWA E-News ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Social Protection for Migrant Domestic Workers in Cambodia: A Case Study PB - The Global Network Solidar N2 - The goal of this case study is twofold. First, this research aims to provide an understanding of the many difficulties migrant workers face. Second, this report seeks to examine the path to overcoming the previously stated challenges. The first chapter explores social protections in Cambodia. After a broad examination of social protections in Cambodia the focus is narrowed to those social protections affecting migrant workers. The subsequent chapter looks at the story of a woman named Vann Sinoun who was a Cambodian migrant worker. Vann Sinoun’s story illustrates in a very human way the hardships migrant workers face. The final chapter looks at the different advocacy strategies undertaken on behalf of migrant workers. The study concludes with a brief discussion of the steps that need to be undertaken to ensure social protections for Cambodians. Y1 - 2010/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - Cambodia UR - http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/8797/7980 Y2 - 2013-05-01 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Thèmes Canadiens: Travailleurs étrangers temporaires - Canadian Issues N2 - The movement into Canada of the foreign-born has been a defining feature of our history. The vast majority of the people involved in this movement have been individuals admitted into Canada with permission to reside here permanently. However, the movement of temporary foreign workers intoCanada has existed throughout Canada’s history to varying degrees and has grown in importance over thepast ten years. Support for immigration has remained high among the Canadian population even when faced with a labour market that has seen a decline across birth cohorts in the earnings of the Canadianborn (Beaudry and Green 2000) and an even larger decline in the earnings of immigrants across recent arrival cohorts (Green andWorswick 2004).Within this broader context of weak labour markets and weak immigrant labour market performance,it is important to evaluate the goals and effectiveness of temporary foreign worker programs (TFWPs) in Canada as well as to gain an understanding of the interactions between the TFWPs and the broader immigration programs. The articles contained in this issue make a number of important contributions to our understanding in this area and raise important questions that need to be considered as public policy towards temporary foreign workers evolve. L’arrivée au Canada de personnes nées à l’étranger est une caractéristique déterminante de notre histoire. La grande majorité des personnes ayant fait partie de ce mouvement ont été admises au pays avec l’autorisation d’y résider de façon permanente. Cela dit, la tendance à accueillir au pays des travailleurs étrangers temporaires a toujours existé, à divers degrés, mais a pris de l’importance au cours des dix dernières années. La population canadienne continue d’appuyer les programmes d’immigration, en dépit du fléchissement des gains sur le marché du travail des Canadiens nés au pays, et ce, pour l’ensemble des cohortes de naissance (Beaudry et Green, 2000), ainsi que du repli encore plus important des gains des immigrants en la matière pour l’ensemble des cohortes de nouveaux arrivants (Green et Worswick, 2004). Dans ce contexte de faiblesse du marché du travail et de piètre rendement des immigrants sur ce marché, il est important d’évaluer les objectifs et l’efficacité des Programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (PTET) au Canada et d’analyser les interactions entre les PTET et les programmes d’immigration plus généraux. Les articles qui figurent dans le présent numéro contribuent grandement à notre compréhension de ce secteur et soulèvent d’importantes questions, dont il faut tenir compte au fil de l’évolution de la politique officielle concernant les travailleurs étrangers temporaire. A1 - Metropolis,  Y1 - 2010/04/01/ UR - http://canada.metropolis.net/pdfs/cdn_issues_CITC_mar10_e.pdf Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - Metropolis ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Victoire juridique pour les domestiques/ Le Devoir N1 - Les travailleuses domestiques crient victoire. Pour la première fois à la Cour du Québec, un jugement imposant une peine punitive a été prononcé contre un employeur, donnant ainsi raison à une travailleuse domestique philippine qui s'était courageusement engagée dans un procès à l'issue incertaine. Soumis à une ordonnance de non-divulgation des parties impliquées, le jugement de Me Alain Brault vient rappeler que la diffamation et le mépris des droits fondamentaux de la personne ne peuvent être tolérés et il impose une peine compensatoire totalisant 8000 $ à verser à la victime. «L'élément "neuf", ce n'est pas tant les droits reconnus, mais c'est qu'une travailleuse domestique ait osé faire le recours et ait effectivement gagné», a dit Me Alain Tremblay, avocat ayant défendu la cause. «Les travailleurs immigrés n'osent pas prendre ce genre de recours», a-t-il ajouté. Soupçonnée d'avoir la tuberculose, une travailleuse domestique, venue au Canada comme résidente permanente au moyen d'un programme qui la contraignait à travailler 24 mois sur 36 pour un seul et même employeur, a été renvoyée sous prétexte qu'elle allait contaminer les enfants de son patron. Celui-ci a par la suite déposé une plainte à Immigration Canada qui s'est soldée par l'arrestation arbitraire de la travailleuse domestique en question. Constatant que le mal dont elle souffrait n'avait rien à voir avec la tuberculose, les autorités de l'immigration l'ont relâchée après qu'elle eut passé une nuit en détention. David contre Goliath L'Organisation des femmes philippines du Québec (Pinay) l'a ensuite soutenue et guidée pour entamer un procès contre son employeur, lutte s'apparentant à celle de David contre Goliath. Se voyant accusé de diffamation, l'employeur a d'ailleurs répondu par une poursuite de 30 000 $ contre la travailleuse. «Essentiellement, le juge n'a pas reproché à l'employeur l'arrestation de son employée même si la dame avait fait l'objet d'une manifestation calomnieuse. Mais il donne des dommages punitifs, soit 3000 $ pour le fait que l'employeur ait contacté Immigration Canada pour donner des informations erronées sur l'état de santé de la travailleuse et 5000 $ pour le fait que l'employeur a répondu par une poursuite pour l'intimider», a expliqué Me Tremblay. Evelyn Calugay, porte-parole de l'organisme Pinay, salue le courage de la travailleuse domestique en souhaitant qu'il donne l'exemple. «On l'a arrêté comme une criminelle. Elle était très démoralisée, mais sa peur s'est transformée en colère, puis en courage», a noté Mme Calugay. Elle croit que ce jugement permettra aussi de remettre en question le programme du ministère canadien de l'Immigration d'aide familiale en résidence pour faire venir de la main-d'oeuvre domestique au pays. «Donner un permis de travail en obligeant à rester avec le même employeur, c'est de l'esclavage», a-t-elle affirmé. CY - Montréal N2 - 2 février 2010 Lisa-Marie Gervais A1 - Le Devoir,  Y1 - 2010/02/03/ UR - http://www.ledevoir.com/societe/justice/282266/victoire-juridique-pour-les-domestiques Y2 - 2010-02-03 JA - Le Devoir ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Victoire juridique pour les domestiques / Radio-Canada N2 - Pour la première fois de son histoire, la Cour du Québec a imposé une peine punitive exemplaire à un employeur qui a traité injustement sa domestique. A1 - Radio-Canada.ca,  Y1 - 2010/01/31/ UR - http://www.radio-canada.ca/nouvelles/societe/2010/01/31/001-cour-travailleuses-domestiques.shtml Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - Radio-Canada ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Rights on the Line Human Rights Watch Work on Abuses against Migrants in 2010 IS - isbn: 1-56432-726-4 CY - United States of America PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - This roundup of Human Rights Watch reporting on violations of migrants’ rights in 2010 includes coverage of Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States. Many countries rely on migrant workers to fill labor shortages in low-paying, dangerous, and poorly regulated jobs. Human Rights Watch documented labor exploitation and barriers to redress for migrants in agriculture, domestic work, and construction in Indonesia, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States. Immigration sponsorship systems in many countries give employers immense control over workers and lead to migrants being trapped in abusive situations or unable to pursue redress through the justice system. Y1 - 2010/// UR - http://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/12/12/rights-line-0 Y2 - 2013-01-17 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Canadian unions observe International Migrants Day - Migrant workers’ rights are human rights N2 - Canadian unions are observing International Migrants Day on Friday, December 18, and are calling on governments to adopt and ratify the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. A1 - Canadian Labour Congress,  Y1 - 2009/12/16/ T3 - Canadia Labour Concress Press Release ER - TY - NEWS T1 - New federal rules to protect foreign live-in caregivers N2 - The federal government announced Saturday a set of proposed regulations it says will better protect the rights of live-in caregivers and make it easier for them and their families to obtain permanent residency in Canada. A1 - Wood, Graeme Y1 - 2009/12/12/ JA - Vancouver Sun ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Community and labour groups decry Canada’s ‎immigration system N2 - Immigration Minister Jason Kenney is under fire from community and labour groups who gathered outside his regional office in Toronto Wednesday to protest his proposed changes to the Temporary Foreign Worker program and what they called the failures of the immigration system. A1 - Bonnar, John A1 - Bonnar, John Y1 - 2009/12/04/ UR - http://rabble.ca/blogs/bloggers/johnbon/2009/12/community-and-labour-groups-decry-canada%E2%80%99s-immigration-system Y2 - 2011-06-13 JA - Rabble ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Nanny wins landmark suit after Star investigation N2 - A foreign caregiver brought to Canada with a job offer from a "ghost employer" has been awarded $10,000 in damages in what is believed to be the first court victory against a nanny recruiter. A1 - Brazao, Dale A1 - Brazao, Dale Y1 - 2009/11/25/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/investigation/article/730445--nanny-wins-landmark-suit-after-star-investigation Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Temporary workers program is a time bomb N2 - The Stephen Harper Conservatives have adopted one of the worst policies of authoritarian oil-rich Arab states: an exploitative system of indentured labour, a.k.a. the temporary workers program. A1 - Siddiqui, Haroon A1 - Siddiqui, Haroon Y1 - 2009/11/05/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/comment/article/721308 Y2 - 2011-07-02 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Public discussion on guest workers N2 - Canada prides itself on being a nation of immigrants, but it is fast becoming a clearing house for temporary workers. The traditional Canadian narrative – of people landing here to build a country and lay the foundations for citizenship – is going underground. Now, we are recruiting an army of 200,000 guest workers every year – almost as many as regular immigrants. A1 - Toronto Star,  Y1 - 2009/11/05/ JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - 'Guest worker' abuses blasted N2 - Lack of oversight by the federal government has allowed foreign workers to be abused by their employers, Auditor General Sheila Fraser says in a scathing report on Canada's immigration program. A1 - Whittington, Les Y1 - 2009/11/04/ UR - http://www.thestar.com/news/investigations/article/720829---guest-worker-abuses-blasted Y2 - 2011-06-14 JA - The Toronto Star ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Foreign-worker mistreatment triggers probe N2 - Manitoba's Department of Labour has opened an investigation into the case of four Filipino workers who say they faced intimidation and broken promises after being recruited to work in Canada. A1 - CBC,  Y1 - 2009/10/07/ UR - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/story/2009/10/07/071009-labour-mistreatment-investigation.html Y2 - 2011-07-03 JA - CBC News ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Des aides ménagères poursuivent une agence de recrutement N2 - Trois femmes d'origine philippine accusent une agence de recrutement internationale d'aides ménagères de vol, de harcèlement et de confinement illégal. A1 - Radio-Canada.ca,  Y1 - 2009/10/06/ UR - http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/Ontario/2009/10/06/006-plaite-aides-menageres.shtml# Y2 - 2011-07-04 JA - Radio-Canada ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Submission to the Ministry of Labour. Consultation on Foreign and Resident Employment Recruitment in Ontario A1 - Caregivers' Action Center,  A1 - Workers' Action Center,  A1 - Parkdale Community Legal Services,  Y1 - 2009/07/15/ UR - http://cleonet.ca/news_files/1248285487WACPCLSCACSubmission.pdf Y2 - 2014-04-29 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Community groups fight for better living, working conditions for temporary foreign workers and live-in caregivers N2 - Eleven o’clock Tuesday morning at the Workers’ Action Centre. Media and supporters are jam-packed into a room to listen to representatives of the newly formed Caregivers Action Centre, comprised of former and current caregivers working for change in Temporary Foreign Worker programs including the Live-In Caregiver Program and the Seasonal Agricultural Worker A1 - Bonnar, John Y1 - 2009/06/11/ UR - http://rabble.ca/blogs/bloggers/johnbon/2009/06/community-groups-fight-better-living-working-conditions-temporary-for Y2 - 2011-06-16 JA - Rabble ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Temporary Foreign Worker Program in Canada: Low-skilled Workers as an Extreme Form of Flexible Labour IS - 1 A1 - Fudge, Judy A1 - MacPhail, Fiona Y1 - 2009/// JA - Comparative Labour Law and Policy Journal VL - 31 SP - 101 M2 - 101 SP - 101-141 ER - TY - NEWS T1 - L'enfer montréalais de Julia CY - Montréal A1 - Hachey, Isabelle Y1 - 2009/03/01/ KW - Philippines KW - Exploitation KW - domestique UR - http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/national/200903/01/01-832211-lenfer-montrealais-de-julia.php Y2 - 2014-04-04 JA - La Presse SP - 12 ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Migrantscanada CY - montreal N2 - Blog tracking news about migrant workers in Canada and elsewhere A1 - Nieto, Roberto Y1 - 2009/01/21/ UR - migrantscanada.wordpress.com Y2 - 2010-01-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Gender-Based Barriers to Settlement and Integration for Live-In-Caregivers: A Review of the Literature IS - 71 CY - Toronto PB - CERIS N2 - Thousands of individual migrants, primarily women, have entered Canada under the auspices of the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP). The LCP enables qualified foreign applicants to enter the country to care for children, the elderly, or persons with disabilities in their own homes. After working for a period of 24 months, LCP workers are eligible to apply for permanent residency status and, ultimately, citizenship (Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) 1999; Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) 2006). What do we know about this group of migrants? What kinds of challenges do they face? How are they integrating into Canadian society? The primary objective of this literature review is to identify and analyze the gender-based barriers experienced by live-in caregivers in Canada from 1990 to 2007. The literature suggests that live-in caregivers are most definitely disadvantaged in their efforts to settle and integrate into Canadian society. Significantly, the challenges they face emerge from both their status, primarily as women from the global south, and from the policies and characteristics of the LCP itself. As the demand for domestic care workers has increased, so, too, have opportunities for women, who appear, on average, to be more faithful remitters than men to make contributions from Canada to the subsistence of their families in their home country. Carework, particularly when conducted in private households, is generally regarded as “natural” to women and granted little value as skilled labour. The private, gendered, and flexible nature of the labour appears to render the work outside of the conventional association of paid labour with the public domain and the more structured job descriptions of industrial labour. Resultantly, domestic care work tends to evade the realm of standard labour legislation and social protection. The consequences of these realities are that those who undertake this labour undergo a process of deskilling and erosion of social status. Separated from family, and working and living in the private household of their employer, their freedom of association and, likewise, their access to social support is diminished. Temporary status and lack of access to professional educational opportunities under the LCP contribute to a sense of liminality and stall, if not defer, dreams for a better life for themselves in Canada. Few studies (Pratt and PWC 203; Spitzer, Torres, et al 2007) have followed former LCP workers with regards to their labour trajectories; however, these studies found that many informants were downwardly mobile in terms of social status, although it appears that younger, single migrants may be more apt to re-train for a career. As for many other newcomers, exclusion from opportunities to meet Canadian professional criteria, and lack of recognition of foreign credentials and experience are major barriers to labour-market participation commensurate with their educational and employment backgrounds. Evidence of the exploitation and abuse of live-in caregivers abounds. The time constraints of the LCP appear to play a role in workers’ decisions to remain with abusive or exploitative employers, because any time lost between contracts delays completion of the Program and, thereby, threatens either longer separation from their families or deportation. Again, the private nature of the work, its ambiguous coverage under labour legislation, the lack of monitoring of contracts which places the onus on the temporary worker to file complaints, and lack of awareness of their rights and support services, further a link between LCP regulations and vulnerability to violence. Importantly, the behaviour of individual employers who may well value their employee and honour their contracts, can but only slightly mitigate, rather than eliminate, the systemic and symbolic violence that is structured by the LCP, and which contributes to de-skilling, erosion of self respect, loss of control over their immediate environment, and enforced separation from family and friends. A1 - Spitzer, Denise A1 - Torres, Sara Y1 - 2008/11/01/ UR - http://ceris.metropolis.net/Virtual%20Library/WKPP%20List/WKPP2008/CWP71.pdf Y2 - 2011-08-23 T3 - CERIS Working Paper ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Main-d'oeuvre bon marché, clandestine et sans ressources CY - Montreal A1 - Beauchemin, Philippe Y1 - 2008/09/17/ KW - domestique UR - http://www.montrealexpress.ca/Affaires/Emploi/2008-09-17/article-1540643/Main-d%26rsquo%3B%26oelig%3Buvre-bon-marche%2C-clandestine-et-sans-ressource/1 Y2 - 2014-03-18 JA - Montréal Express SP - 2 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Filipino community grieves the death of another Filipino woman under the Live-in Caregiver Program N1 - On June 6, 2008 a Thornhill family arrived home to find their Filipino nanny dead. According to media reports, the 39-year-old Filipina was found face down in the deep end of the backyard pool. Members of SIKLAB- Ontario, the Philippine Women Centre of Ontario and Ugnayan ng Kabataang Pilipino sa Canada-Filipino Canadian Youth Alliance (UKPC-FCYA) are in full sympathy and support in this trying period with the family of this woman. “This unfortunate death is another addition to the growing tragedy in the export and commodification of Filipinos under the labour export policy (LEP) of the Philippine government. We hope that this Filipina nanny’s death will not just become another anonymous statistic of unexplained death,” said Yolyn Valenzuela, national vice-chairperson of SIKLAB- Canada. According to Ian Nillas, member of UKPC-FCYA, “in less than a year, we mourned Jocelyn Dulnuan and Arcelie Loagan, both temporary workers under the LCP. This is another senseless and tragic death of women who left their homes in order to seek a better future abroad. Now another Filipina nanny has been found dead in the home of her employers.” “These deaths are extreme examples of the violence regularly faced by Filipino women under Canada’s LCP. Live-in caregivers commonly face isolation, chronic overwork, unsafe working conditions and various forms of emotional, physical and sexual abuse,” stated Nillas. The LCP requires domestic workers to live in their employers’ homes for a period of 24 months within 36 months in order to be eligible to apply for permanent resident status. The program also mandates employer-specific work permits under temporary worker status. “This program silences our women and forces them to withstand long hours of work, unsafe working conditions, unpaid overtime, violence, neglect and exploitation. This latest incident serves to further highlight the violent nature of the racist and anti-woman LCP” Valenzuela added. “As temporary workers, we must be vigilant against abuses and exploitation and report any violations against our human rights. We must understand that we have rights and that we need to continue our struggle to uphold our fundamental human rights and dignity,” stated Kelly Botengan, a member of SIKLAB Ontario. The groups are calling for the scrapping of the LCP and for the Philippine government, under Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to stop its neglect of Filipino overseas workers and to end the country’s labour export policy. PB - Magkaisa Centre N2 - On June 6, 2008 a Thornhill family arrived home to find their Filipino nanny dead. According to media reports, the 39-year-old Filipina was found face down in the deep end of the backyard pool. A1 - Magkaisa Centre,  Y1 - 2008/// UR - http://www.magkaisacentre.org/2008/06/09/toronto-filipino-community-mourns-the-death-of-another-filipino-live-in-caregiver-2/ Y2 - 2011-05-27 T3 - Magkaisa Centre ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Exported and Exposed Abuses against Sri Lankan Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates IS - 16 PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - Over 125, 000 Sri Lankan women migrate to the Middle East as domestic workers each year. Their earnings have made a significant contributions to the Sri Lankan economy, yet many migrant women resort to this survival strategy at profound personal cost. Unscrupulous labor agents and subagents in Sri Lanka often charge illegal exorbitant recruitment fees and decieve women about their propsective jobs. In Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), labor laws excluded domestic workers, who are typically confined to the workplace and labor for excessively long hours for little pay. In some cases, employers or labor agents subject domestic workers to physical abuse, sexual abuse, or forced labor. While current figure likely underestimate the scale of abust, the Sri Lankan government reports that 50 migrant domestic workers return to Sri Lanka “in distress” each day, abd embassies abroad are flooded with workers complaining of upaid wages sexual harassment, and overwork. Media have carried out the horrific abuse. Depite, this awareness, the government of Sri Lankan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, and the UAE hav failed to exented even standard labor protections to these workers. Sri Lanka has yet to rein in a competitive and corrupt recruitment industry, and has not created adequate support services or effective complaint mechanisms for abused workers. The countries of employment have balked at guaranteering rights that all other workers enjoy, including rest days, limits on working hours, and in some countries , a minimum wage. The Sri Lankan government’s policies havei mproved over recent years and it deserves credit for initiating important steps to manage the outflow of migrant workers and to start providing protections. The government of Sri Lanka set up an insititonal structure, the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE), in 1985 to esnure workers migratn through legal channels, minimize corruption and exploitation by recruitment agencies, and facilitate the flow of workers’ remittances. Yet significant gaps in protection remain. Y1 - 2007/// KW - Domestic Workers KW - Abuse KW - Middle-East UR - http://www.worldwideopen.org/uploads/resources/files/645/TFGLO040_Exported_and_Exposed_Abuses_Against_Sri_Lankan_Domestic_Workers.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Open borders, closed citizenships: Nepali labor migrants in Delhi CY - 83 DDA Janta Flats, GTB Enclave, Delhi - 93, IndiaSouth Asia Study Centre, PB - Institute of Social studies N2 - Nepal and India share an 'open' border as per the agreements of a bilateral treaty signed in 1950. According to the treaty, Nepalis and Indians can travel and work across the border and are to be treated at par with the native citizens. Rural Nepalis, who have for long been suffering poverty, unemployment and more recently a civil war, have been migrating to India in thousands every year. In this paper, I discuss the findings of a qualitative study conducted between 2003 to 2006 among two categories of Nepali migrants living in four clusters of Delhi: those who have and have not settled in India after prolonged period of work. The study entailed in-depth interviews with 100 labor migrants, and field observations. The interviews focused on day to day interaction between the Nepali labor migrants and the Indian state as it is embodied in the policemen and lower level administrators with whom the labor migrants mostly interact. The paper discusses the modes and processes of incorporation and subjugation of the Nepali labor migrants by the Indian market in close collaboration with the state apparatus. It also discusses the modes and processes of day-to-day resistance by the labor migrants. Based on the analysis of the data, I argue that despite the legal rhetoric, the Indian state treats the Nepalis laborers as rights-less, non-citizens. Their precarious economic and political position means that they do not risk themselves further by demanding citizenship and labor rights from the supposedly liberal Indian state, but help grease its increasingly liberalizing economy as docile and cheap laborers. Are these the types of 'open borders' that the neo-liberal proponents of globalization trying to promote across the world? This issue is discussed at the end. Y1 - 2007/// KW - India KW - Nepal KW - Labour Migration; KW - Nepali Watchmen UR - http://www.mtnforum.org/sites/default/files/pub/1139.pdf Y2 - 2012-11-03 T2 - International migration, multi-local livelihoods and human security:Perspectives from Europe, Asia and Africa ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Protecting the rights of migrant workers in Canada N2 - In recent years, Canada has been increasingly relying on migrant workers admitted to Canada on temporary work permits A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees,  A1 - Canadian Council for Refugees,  Y1 - 2007/11/01/ UR - http://ccrweb.ca/documents/migrantworkers.htm Y2 - 2011-06-27 T3 - Canadian Council for Refugees ER - TY - CASE T1 - Lumayno c. Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2009 CF 765 (CanLII) A2 - 2009 CF 765 (CanLII) PB - Federal Court N2 - [7] À son arrivée à Toronto, la demanderesse a été accueillie à l'aéroport par sa tante, qui l'a amenée chez elle. La tante a appelé l'agence pour prendre les dispositions nécessaires pour que la demanderesse commence à travailler au service de la famille McLeish, mais on l'a informée que le délai de traitement de la demande avait été si long que l'employeur avait décidé qu'il ne pouvait attendre et avait engagé une autre personne. La demanderesse est demeurée chez sa tante à Thornhill, en Ontario; après quelques jours passés à se remettre du choc, elle s'est rendue à l'agence pour explorer d'autres possibilités d'emploi. L'agence lui a cherché un nouvel emploi et la demanderesse s'est présentée à cinq entrevues, mais n'a décroché aucun emploi. Ne peut plus obtenir RP car avance n'a pas gardé son emploi offert et donc n'a pas travaillé assez sur période nécessaire pour demande RP. A1 - Federal Court,  Y1 - 2007/07/27/ UR - http://unik.caij.qc.ca/default.aspx?&unikid=fr/ca/cfpi/doc/2009/2009cf765/2009cf765 Y2 - 2014-05-29 J2 - Dossier : IMM-4788-08 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Les aides familiales résidentes victimes de nombreux abus A1 - Kouany, Annie Y1 - 2007/// JA - Bulletin de la Ligue des droits et libertés VL - automne 2007 SP - 27 ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Opportunité ou Oppression? Un témoignage sur le Programme des aides familiales résidantes IS - Solidarité sans frontières A1 - Solidarity Across Borders,  Y1 - 2007/// JA - Justice et dignité ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Analysis, Solidarity, Action—A Workers’ Perspective on the Increasing Use of Migrant Labour in Canada A1 - Canadian Labour Congress,  A1 - Valiani, Salimah Y1 - 2007/// UR - http://www.academia.edu/4973517/Analysis_Solidarity_Action-a_Workers_Perspective_on_the_Increasing_Use_of_Migrant_Labour_in_Canada_Canadas_Part_in_the_Global_Integration_of_Labour_Markets Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - THES T1 - Gendered citizenship and migrant work in Canada CY - Canada PB - Carleton University (Canada) N2 - The Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program and the Live-In Caregiver Program facilitate migrant work in farming and home care, respectively. Though their industries differ, the programs are built upon similar assumptions about worker autonomy, transnational citizenship and the public-private distinction. This has consequences for migrating worker resistance in Canada. Workers first exercise transnational civil citizenship by signing an overseas contract. Conceived in law as autonomous contracting parties, they are nevertheless motivated by family relationships. In Canada, worker citizenship is managed through the work permit, a framework which enables workplace injustice. This injustice is maintained through a blurred line between 'just like family' and 'employee' status, and the public discourse of the 'family farm'. Using court cases as evidence, I conclude that worker disruption of the artificial line between public and private may result in positive legal change, including concrete gains in pay, benefits and labour protections. A1 - Law, Alexandra Y1 - 2007/// ER - TY - CASE T1 - Cours du Québec JB 3950 (Caregiver Wrongly Accused of Tuberculosis Put in Detention) PB - Cour du Québec N2 - available in MWR's library Y1 - 2006/// ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Cradling Imperialism: Canada’s live-in nanny program A1 - Hale, Amanda Y1 - 2006/// JA - The University of Victoria’s Independant Newpaper ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Maid to Order Ending Abuses Against Migrant Domestic Workers in Singapore PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - I was not allowed to go outside.I never went outside, not even to dump the garbage.I was always inside, I didn't even go to the market.I felt like I was in jail.It was truly imprisonment.I was not allowed to turn the radio on either.I could only see the outside world when I hung clothes to dry. - Sri Mulyani (not her real name), Indonesian domestic worker, age thirty, Singapore, February 19, 2005 I was afraid if I ran away, I would be caught by the police. Madam often got angry with me, complained to the agency, and the agency also got angry with me.The agent asked, "What do you want?" I said, "I want to die, ma'am, because the people here are cruel, everything I do is wrong, I'm always called idiot and stupid." [It got so bad,] I really didn't know what to do, so I drank poison for rats and cockroaches.I lost consciousness, and Madam brought me to the hospital. The police told me it was wrong to try suicide. When the incident happened, I had been working exactly seven months.I had earned S$90 [U.S.$53]. -Muriyani Suharti (not her real name), domestic worker, age twenty-two, Singapore, March 8, 2005 Between 1999 and 2005, at least 147 migrant domestic workers died from workplace accidents or suicide, most by jumping or falling from residential buildings. There is no single reason why domestic workers resort to suicide, but research by Human Rights Watch suggests that many women are made despondent by poor working conditions, anxiety about debts owed to employment agencies, social isolation, and prolonged confinement indoors, sometimes for weeks at a time. As authorities have acknowledged, many of the deaths are also due to workplace accidents. Several of the workers fell to their deaths after their employers forced them to balance precariously, despite being many stories up, to clean windows from the outside or to hang clothes to dry on bamboo poles suspended from window sills. While the deaths of migrant workers described above have received increasing attention in the media and from policymakers, the context in which they occur too often is overlooked. This report, which draws on extensive research and more than one hundred interviews, surveys the abusive conditions facing many domestic workers in Singapore today. Many migrant domestic workers in Singapore face abysmally long working hours, no weekly rest days, and low wages, areas neglected by Singapore's laws and addressed primarily through non-binding information guides. In many cases, migrant domestic workers in Singapore work thirteen to nineteen hours a day, seven days a week, and are restricted from leaving the workplace. They typically earn less than half the pay that workers earn in similar occupations in Singapore-such as gardening and cleaning-and are forced to relinquish the first four to ten months of their salaries to repay employment agency fees. In the worst cases, manipulated by agents or employers or both, migrant domestic workers suffer under conditions amounting to forced labor. Singaporean officials are now beginning to give these problems serious attention. Authorities have imposed tough punishments on employers who physically abuse or fail to pay their domestic workers. Although increasing numbers of officials are turning their attention toward domestic workers, the problems persist. And while Singapore's applicable laws and regulations offer stronger protections than do those of neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore is still far behind Hong Kong, which includes domestic workers in its main labor laws, protecting their rights to a weekly rest day, a minimum wage, maternity leave, and public holidays. Employers in Hong Kong must also bear most recruitment and placement fees, including the cost of visas, insurance, required medical exams, and round-trip transportation from the worker's hometown. The Singapore government to date has preferred to rely on market forces rather than laws to regulate key labor issues for domestic workers such as charges imposed by employment agencies, wages, and weekly rest days. As a result, a migrant domestic worker's fate in Singapore is highly variable. She may secure a good employer and labor agent, enjoy favorable working conditions, and earn wages that she saves or regularly sends home. Or she may work for months without pay to settle debts incurred from exorbitant recruitment fees, labor for long hours seven days a week, and confront prohibitions from leaving the workplace. Singaporean authorities need to do more-through legal reform, enhanced public awareness campaigns, and more consistent law enforcement-to ensure all workers are protected against abuses and can readily seek redress when necessary. *** Singapore, a prosperous city-state in Southeast Asia, attracts women migrant domestic workers from around the region. Approximately 150,000 women, primarily from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka, hold work permits for two-year employment stints in Singapore. Approximately one in every seven Singaporean households employs a "live-in" migrant domestic worker. The child care, domestic duties, and elder care these women perform help free up Singaporean men and women to work outside of their homes. The Singapore government also views employment of foreign domestic workers as a strategy to boost a below-replacement birthrate-domestic services ease the burden on working women and Singaporean families who decide to rear children. No data exists to calculate accurately the number of women migrant domestic workers who confront labor rights and other human rights violations. Many migrant domestic workers have positive experiences. Human Rights Watch interviewed domestic workers who received wages and rest days regularly, enjoyed proper living accommodation, and developed close personal ties with their employers. The Ministry of Manpower estimates that one in three domestic workers renew their two-year contracts and continue to work under the same employer. A significant number of migrant domestic workers are not so fortunate. Given their isolation in private homes, it is difficult to ascertain the exact proportion of migrant domestic workers who face abuse. However, domestic workers make thousands of complaints to their embassies, employment agents, private service organizations, the Singapore Police, and the Ministry of Manpower each year. The Indonesian embassy alone estimates that it receives fifty complaints per day, mostly from domestic workers. The Philippines embassy and the Sri Lanka High Commission estimate receiving between forty to eighty complaints from domestic workers per month. Many abuses likely never are reported, especially if an employer repatriates a domestic worker before she has a chance to seek help. The abuse often begins in domestic workers' home countries. Recruitment practices and legislation vary greatly by country. The Philippines has clearly defined policies on standard employment contracts and recruitment fees. The employment contract provides for a day off each week and a monthly minimum wage of S$350 [U.S.$206]. But many Filipinas come through unlicensed agents or on tourist visas, making them subject to overcharging, poor working conditions, and less access to redress. In Indonesia, domestic workers face high fees from local labor agents, and are often confined in overcrowded, locked training facilities for up to six months while waiting for placement abroad. Many domestic workers report inadequate food and some confront physical violence. The different routes workers take in getting to Singapore correlate with the conditions they are likely to face upon arrival. According to embassy officials and Human Rights Watch's own research, workers placed through unlicensed agents are more likely to have lower wages, no days off, and illegal deployments to multiple homes. Several domestic workers from Indonesia, for example, told us they were threatened with retaliation by employment agents who told them they would be trafficked into forced prostitution or would have to pay substantial fines if they did not complete their debt payments. Other domestic workers reported that employment agents confiscated their passports and any contact information in their possession, making it difficult to seek help. In Singapore, the government does not adequately regulate the fees, "private loans," and salary deduction arrangements imposed by employment agencies on migrant domestic workers. Intense competition among the more than six hundred employment agencies has led them to reduce fees charged to employers, and to shift the cost of recruitment, transportation, training, and placement to domestic workers. Domestic workers who change employers pay extra fees for transfer costs, sometimes extending their debts by months. Seeking employment in Singapore precisely because they are escaping poverty in their own countries, many women must take on large debts which they settle by working for four to ten months with little or no pay. The Employment Agencies Act stipulates that employment agencies cannot charge job seekers more than 10 percent of their first month's earnings. Singapore's Ministry of Manpower has argued that the charges to domestic workers are not agency fees, but instead private loans that fall outside of the law's parameters. This distinction for costs associated with recruitment, processing, and placement with employers is arbitrary and unfairly strips migrant domestic workers of important protections.Human Rights Watch interviewed domestic workers who said they stayed in situations of abuse because of their debt obligations. The Singapore government has instituted several policies that exacerbate domestic workers' isolation in homes and their risk of abuse. One is a S$5,000 [U.S.$2,950] security bond imposed on employers who hire domestic workers. Employers forfeit the bond if their domestic worker runs away or if they fail to pay for the domestic worker's repatriation costs. The Singapore government enacted this policy in an attempt to control illegal immigration and to ensure employers have adequate funds to repatriate the workers on completion of their contracts. Instead, the bond has become an incentive to employers to tightly restrict their domestic workers' movements, prevent them from giving workers weekly rest days, and sometimes to lock them in the workplace. Another policy ties migrant domestic workers' work permits to particular families, giving employers inordinate power. Under the existing system, employers may repatriate domestic workers at will, even if they have not paid off their debts or earned any income. Singapore's work permit regulations forbid migrant domestic workers from becoming pregnant, restrict their marriage and reproductive rights, and provide further incentives for employers to confine domestic workers to the workplace to prevent them from "running away" or "having boyfriends." The prohibition on becoming pregnant has also led to unequal access to health care services, including voluntary abortions, as some employers, agents, and domestic workers believe that seeking an abortion will result in automatic deportation. Singapore, in a stated attempt to regulate unskilled labor migration, also imposes a monthly levy on employers of work permit holders-employers of domestic workers must pay S$200-295 [U.S.$118-174] to a central government fund each month. This amount is more than many employers pay to the domestic workers themselves. Given 150,000 workers, this translates to roughly S$360-531 million (U.S.$212-313 million) annually. None of these funds are earmarked for services geared toward migrant workers. In response to growing publicity and alarm over abuses against migrant domestic workers, Singapore's Ministry of Manpower has instituted some encouraging reforms in the past two years. These include mandatory orientation programs for new employees and new employers, increased commitment to prosecuting cases of unpaid wages and physical abuse, and the introduction of an accreditation program for employment agencies. The ministry also has published an information guide advising employers on proper treatment of domestic workers and informing them of the penalties for physical assault and forced confinement. These initiatives, though important, do not go far enough. Singapore needs to do more to address the underlying inequities and lack of protection that result in widespread abuse. Singapore's Employment Act and Workmen's Compensation Act should be amended to include domestic workers. These laws guarantee weekly rest days, limitations on work hours, and regular payment of wages and overtime. They also regulate salary deductions for debt payments and address compensation for workplace injuries. Singapore also should institute stronger mechanisms for inspecting workplaces and employment agencies. The accreditation program, though a positive step, needs improved protections for domestic workers' rights, including greater transparency about recruitment and placement charges, and detailed provisions on working conditions such as weekly rest days. In a country well-known for strictly enforcing laws to promote order and efficiency, the failure to provide adequate and equal protection to an entire class of workers is an anomaly and undermines the rule of law. In cooperation with labor-sending countries and international bodies such as the International Labor Organization, Singapore should undertake immediate and effective reforms to end these abuses. Singapore has a choice. It can become a standard-setter in the region for labor-receiving countries. Or it can settle for second-best solutions that fail to address the roots of abuses against migrant domestic workers. This report is based on several months of research including field research in Singapore in February, March, and November 2005. Human Rights Watch conducted sixty-five in-depth interviews with migrant domestic workers, reviewed the case files of twenty-five migrant domestic workers, and held focus groups and informal interviews with dozens more. These interviews took place at shelters and skills-training programs; in parks, shopping centers, and places of worship on domestic workers' days off; and at employment agencies. We also interviewed more than fifty representatives from Singapore's Ministry of Manpower, employment agents, employers, and private nongovernmental and faith-based organizations. All names of domestic workers cited in this report have been changed to protect their identity. Many employment agents and service providers also spoke with us on condition of anonymity, and their names have also been withheld. This is Human Rights Watch's ninth report on abuses against domestic workers, including both children and adults. We have also documented abuses in El Salvador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Kuwait, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Togo, and the United States. Key Recommendations Human Rights Watch urges the Singapore government to: Provide equal and comprehensive legal protection to migrant domestic workers by: Amending the Employment Act and Workmen's Compensation Act to provide equal protection to domestic workers. Establishing and periodically reviewing a national minimum wage to address domestic workers' vulnerability to wage exploitation. The National Wages Council should also investigate and recommend policies that promote equal pay for equal work in the domestic work sector. Creating a standard contract that protects migrant domestic workers' rights in accordance with national provisions in the Employment Act and international labor standards. Enforce policies that help prevent abusive practices such as exorbitant debt payments to employment agencies, forced labor, and forced confinement by: Increasing enforcement of the Employment Agencies Act to ensure compliance with caps on agency fees. Implementing policies so that migrant domestic workers do not spend several months working off their debts with little or no pay, a situation that fosters a range of human rights abuses. The government should look to the Philippines and Hong Kong, who require employers to pay for round-trip airfare and most expenses associated with recruitment and placement, including those now covered by private loans in Singapore. The government should consider adjusting the monthly levy to offset the cost to employers. Abolishing the S$5,000 [U.S.$2,950] security bond. Prosecuting employers who confine domestic workers to the workplace. Permitting migrant domestic workers to reside in independent living quarters. Create and improve mechanisms to prevent, monitor, and respond to abuse of migrant domestic workers by: Inspecting workplace conditions and employment agencies regularly. Withdrawing accreditation powers from the Association of Employment Agencies in Singapore (AEAS) and CaseTrust and creating a new accreditation body for employment agencies with more comprehensive standards. The body should include representatives from employment agencies, consumer rights organizations, domestic workers' rights organizations, the Ministry of Manpower, and labor-sending countries. Creating helpdesks at the airport and main police stations with staff fluent in the primary languages spoken by migrant workers. Improving training for the police and immigration authorities to respond to abuse of migrant domestic workers. Conducting exit interviews with domestic workers when they are returning home to ensure they have been paid and to provide an opportunity to report any abuse. Sign and ratify the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Migrant Workers Convention). The governments of Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, India, and other sending countries should: Improve protections for citizens working in Singapore by: Improving victim services at embassies and diplomatic missions in Singapore and providing resources including adequate staffing, access to legal aid, health care, trauma counseling, and shelter. Keeping a section of embassies and diplomatic missions open on Sunday, the day many migrant workers have off, and supporting skills training programs, and recreation and cultural centers for domestic workers. Regulate and monitor labor recruitment agencies and migrant worker training centers in their countries by: Regulating labor agencies and migrant worker training centers, and more clearly defining standards for fees, minimum health and safety conditions, and workers' freedom of movement. Labor agencies and agents who violate these regulations should face substantial penalties. Establishing mechanisms for regular and independent monitoring of labor agencies, including unannounced inspections. Accreditation bodies and employment agencies should: Contribute to the creation of safe and just working conditions for migrant domestic workers by: Implementing a standard employment contract that establishes detailed protections on wages, hours of work, weekly rest days, salary deductions, and other terms of employment according to national provisions in the Employment Act and international labor standards. Creating recommended pay scales according to work experience and other qualifications, such as education. Abolish discriminatory policies that determine entry-level wages according to nationality rather than work experience, education, or other relevant criteria. Reporting cases of employer abuse to the Ministry of Manpower, the police, embassies, and accreditation bodies. Before placing a replacement domestic worker with an employer accused of abuse, agencies should exercise due diligence. A1 - Human Rights Watch,  Y1 - 2005/12/05/ KW - Singapore KW - Abuse KW - Domestic migrant workers UR - http://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/12/06/maid-order Y2 - 2013-03-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - "Bad Dreams:" Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia IS - E1605 PB - Human Rights Watch N2 - "It was like a bad dream" is the way one migrant worker from the Philippines summed up his experiences in Saudi Arabia. Another worker, from Bangladesh, told us: "I slept many nights beside the road and spent many days without food. It was a painful life. I could not explain that life." A woman in a village in India, whose son was beheaded following a secret trial, could only say this: "We have no more tears, our tears have all dried up." She deferred to her husband to provide the account of their son's imprisonment and execution in Jeddah. It is undeniable that many foreigners employed in the kingdom, in jobs from the most menial to the highest skilled, have returned home with no complaints. But for the women and men who were subjected to abysmal and exploitative working conditions, sexual violence, and human rights abuses in the criminal justice system, Saudi Arabia represented a personal nightmare. In 1962, then-King Faisal abolished slavery in Saudi Arabia by royal decree. Over forty years later, migrant workers in the purportedly modern society that the kingdom has become continue to suffer extreme forms of labor exploitation that sometimes rise to slavery-like conditions. Their lives are further complicated by deeply rooted gender, religious, and racial discrimination. This provides the foundation for prejudicial public policy and government regulations, shameful practices of private employers, and unfair legal proceedings that yield judicial sentences of the death penalty. The overwhelming majority of the men and women who face these realities in Saudi Arabia are low-paid workers from Asia, Africa, and countries in the Middle East. This report gives voice to some of their stories. It is based on information gathered from migrant workers and their families in mud brick houses off dirt roads in tropical agricultural areas of southwest India, in apartments in densely packed neighborhoods of metropolitan Manila, and in simple dwellings in rural villages of Bangladesh. The victims include skilled and unskilled workers; Muslims, Hindus, and Christians; young adults traveling outside their home countries for the first time; and married men, and single and divorced women, with children to support. In Saudi Arabia, these workers delivered dairy products, cleaned government hospitals, repaired water pipes, collected garbage, and poured concrete. Some of them baked bread and worked in restaurants; others were butchers, barbers, carpenters, and plumbers. Women migrants cleaned, cooked, cared for children, worked in beauty salons, and sewed custom-made dresses and gowns. Unemployed or underemployed in their countries of origin, and often impoverished, these men and women sought only the opportunity to earn wages and thus improve the economic situation for themselves and their families. This report is the first comprehensive examination of the variety of human rights abuses that foreign workers experience in Saudi Arabia. The voices of these migrants provide a window into a country whose hereditary, unelected rulers continue to choose secrecy over transparency at the expense of justice. The stories in this report illustrate why so many migrant workers, including Muslims, return to their home countries deeply aggrieved by the lack of equality and due process of law in the kingdom. In an important sense, this report is an indictment of unscrupulous private employers and sponsors as well as Saudi authorities, including interior ministry interrogators and shari'a court judges, who operate without respect for the rule of law and the inherent dignity of all men and women, irrespective of gender, race, and religion. Some of the most frightening and troubling findings of the report concern mistreatment of women migrant workers, both in the workplace and in Saudi prisons. The report also provides an intimate view of the workings of Saudi Arabia's criminal justice system, through the eyes of migrant workers with first-hand experience of its significant flaws. And it is the families and friends of migrants who were beheaded, pursuant to judicial rulings, who describe how Saudi authorities kept them and consular officials in the dark until well after the executions were carried out. The mortal remains of these victims were not returned to their families, who until now have no information about what happened to the bodies. Labor Exploitation Each chapter of this report includes testimonies from migrant workers who entered the kingdom legally, in full compliance with Saudi government regulations. Many of them paid hefty sums of money to manpower recruitment agencies in their home countries to secure legal employment visas, often assuming substantial debt or selling property to finance the cost. Once in the kingdom, they found themselves at the mercy of legal sponsors and de facto employers who had the power to impose oppressive working conditions on them, with effective government oversight clearly lacking. Unaware of their rights, or afraid to complain for fear of losing their jobs, the majority of these workers simply endured gross labor exploitation. To cite only a few examples, we interviewed migrant workers from Bangladesh who were forced to work ten to twelve hours a day, and sometimes throughout the night without overtime pay, repairing underground water pipes for the municipality of Tabuk. They were not paid salaries for the first two months and had to borrow money from compatriots to purchase food. An Indian migrant said that he was was paid $133 a month for working an average of sixteen hours daily in Ha'il. A migrant from the Philippines said that he worked sixteen to eighteen hours a day at a restaurant in Hofuf, leaving him so exhausted that, he told us, he "felt mentally retarded." The employer of a migrant from Bangladesh, who worked as a butcher in Dammam, forced him to leave the kingdom with six months of his salary unpaid. Women Migrant Workers Some women workers that we interviewed were still traumatized from rape and sexual abuse at the hands of Saudi male employers, and could not narrate their accounts without anger or tears. Accustomed to unrestricted freedom of movement in their home countries, these and other women described to us locked doors and gates in Riyadh, Jeddah, Medina, and Dammam that kept them virtual prisoners in workshops, private homes, and the dormitory-style housing that labor subcontracting companies provided to them. Living in forced confinement and extreme isolation made it difficult or impossible for these women to call for help, escape situations of exploitation and abuse, and seek legal redress. We learned that hundreds of low-paid Asian women who cleaned hospitals in Jeddah worked twelve-hour days, without food or a break, and were confined to locked dormitories during their time off. Skilled seamstresses from the Philippines told us that they were not permitted to leave the women's dress shop in Medina where they worked twelve-hour days, and were forbidden to speak more than a few words to customers and the Saudi owners. Many women employed as domestic workers in cities throughout the kingdom reported that they worked twelve hours or more daily. Most of them also lived in around-the-clock confinement, at the decision of their private employers, cut off from the outside world. One woman from the Philippines, whose employers in Dammamdid not provide her with sufficient food, described how she enlisted help from the family's Indian driver, to whom she was forbidden to speak. She told us that she wrote lists of what she needed and threw them out the window to the driver. He made the purchases, and "delivered" them to her by tossing the packages onto the roof of the house, where she retrieved them. Another Filipina, who also worked for a family in Dammam, said that she constantly watched the locked front gate of the house, waiting for an opportunity to escape after her male employer raped her in June 2003. Human Rights Abuses in the Criminal Justice System Some migrant workers experienced shocking treatment in Saudi Arabia's criminal justice system. For those migrants who were executed following unfair trials that lacked any form of transparency, it was their still-grieving families who provided us with pertinent information. In many cases, the condemned men did not know that they had been sentenced to death, and their embassies were only informed after the fact. "No advance information is given to us before beheading of Indians," an Indian diplomat said in a television interview in 2003. "We generally get the information after the execution from local newspapers." In cases of execution documented in this report, the bodies were not returned to the families, and relatives told Human Rights Watch that they received no official information about the location in Saudi Arabia of the mortal remains. An undetermined number of foreigners have been sentenced to death in the kingdom and are now awaiting execution. Details of their trials, and the evidence presented to convict them, are treated as closely held state secrets. Saudi Arabia continues to flaunt its treaty obligations under international and domestic law. Consular officials have not been notified promptly of the arrests of their nationals. Criminal suspects are not informed of their rights under the law. Interrogators from the ministry of interior torture suspects with impunity, behind the curtain of prolonged incommunicado detention, in the quest for confessions whose veracity is tenuous at best. Migrant workers told Human Rights Watch of how they were forced to sign confession statements that they could not read, under the threat of additional torture. A twenty-three-year-old Indian tailor described two days of beatings in police custody. On the third day, his interrogators gave him two pages handwritten in Arabic and instructed him to sign his name three times on each page. "I was so afraid that I did not dare ask what the papers were, or what was written on them," he said. Migrants' accounts of their trials before shari'a courts provide evidence of a legal system that is out of sync with internationally accepted norms of due process. No one we interviewed had access to legal assistance before their trials, and no legal representation when they appeared in the courtroom. One Indian migrant worker told us about a judge who repeatedly called him a liar when he answered questions during his trial. A worker from the Philippines, who was imprisoned for five years before he was brought before a court for the first time, described how a judge sentenced him to 350 lashes because his interrogators had extracted a false confession. The judge justified this corporal punishment because the coerced confession, obtained under threats and torture, was untrue. Interviews with women migrants in the women's prison in Riyadh indicated that most of them had not been informed of their rights, had no understanding of the legal basis for their arrest or the status of their cases, and had no access to lawyers or other forms of legal assistance. The Need for Government Action The stories narrated in this report underscore the pressing need for the government of Saudi Arabia to recognize that its laws and regulations facilitate the exploitation and abuse of vulnerable migrant workers, and reform its laws and practices accordingly. Some major recommendations are highlighted below, and a full range of recommendations, to Saudi government officials and actors in the international community, is presented in Chapter IX. One of the most tragic aspects of the situation is that many migrants silently accept the exploitation and deprivation of their rights because they view themselves as powerless and without effective remedy. These workers arrive in Saudi Arabia ignorant or only vaguely informed about the rights they have under existing Saudi law and the actions they can take when inequities and mistreatment occur. This is a problem that their own governments could address, in part, by way of substantive and effective education before these workers depart for the kingdom. But the government of Saudi Arabia has the primary responsibility to promote and protect the rights of the country's large migrant worker population in a much more aggressive and public manner, consistent with its obligations under international law. Authorities should provide a clear enumeration of the specific rights that migrant workers are entitled to enjoy under the kingdom's laws and regulations. They should spell out the specific legal duties of sponsors and employers, provide a comprehensive list of practices that are illegal, and offer detailed instructions about how and where migrant workers can report abuses. This information should be practical, not theoretical. It should draw on specific abuses that migrants are most likely to face, such as those described in this report, and provide authoritative comments and advice. The information should be translated into the languages of the countries of origin of migrant workers, and provided to every worker on his or her arrival in the kingdom as a routine matter of immigration practice. The government should also identify additional means to communicate this information to migrant communities throughout the kingdom as a further demonstration of its commitment to greater protection of their rights. Saudi authorities must also recognize that many migrant workers are simply too afraid to report abusive treatment for fear of alienating sponsors or de facto employers, inviting retaliatory punishment, and losing their jobs. Government officials must take steps to communicate directly with migrant workers in the kingdom – using all available means, including broadcast as well as print media – to provide assurances that no one will be rendered jobless and summarily deported for complaining about illegal practices and abusive working conditions. The Saudi government says that it plans to reduce the number of foreign workers by 50 percent over the next decade.1 This objective does not lessen the urgent need for the state to remedy the exploitation of migrant workers who are now in the kingdom and to end discriminatory practices that severely circumscribe their rights under Saudi law. Even if the government's planned downsizing is achieved within ten years, the kingdom will still be required under domestic and international law to protect the rights of those migrant workers who remain. If Saudi authorities do not take serious steps to address the patterns of abuse of migrant workers, the issue will continue to be a subject of investigation and scrutiny, on the agendas of international human rights organizations, nongovernmental migrant rights groups in countries of origin, and coalitions of women's rights and human rights organizations in the Muslim world and elsewhere. There is public sentiment in the kingdom, and elsewhere in the Gulf region, sympathetic to the plight of migrant workers. No less than the kingdom's highest Muslim religious authority, Grand Mufti Sheikh Abdul Aziz Al Sheikh, has already acknowledged that migrants suffer "exploitation and oppression."2 His comments, published in 2002 in the Saudi daily al-Madinah, included the observation that "Islam does not permit oppressing workers, regardless of religion ... .As we ask them to perform their duty, we must fulfill our duty and comply with the terms of the contract." The Grand Mufti criticized intimidation of migrant workers, and said that it was "illegal and a form of dishonesty" to withhold their salaries or delay payment of wages under threat of deportation. He counseled that Islam prohibits "blackmailing and threatening [foreign] laborers with deportation if they refuse the employers' terms which breach the contract." Another example comes from the neighboring island nation of Bahrain, where the Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), a nongovernmental organization, is campaigning for greater protection of women domestic workers. A BCHR official in 2003 described these women as "the most abused of the workforce," and charged that the government was not doing enough "to break the chain of exploitation that binds them." The group urged civil society organizations in Bahrain, including women's rights groups, to take up the issue.3 Methodology The testimonies in this report were obtained from interviews with migrant workers in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines who had returned from Saudi Arabia, some of them as recently as December 2003. Human Rights Watch was forced to research this subject from outside Saudi Arabia because, as of this writing, the kingdom remains closed to investigators from international human rights organizations. We selected Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines for field research for several reasons. First, the migrant workers from these three countries are among the largest expatriate communities in Saudi Arabia. In 2003, the Saudi government estimated that there were one million to 1.5 million Indians in the kingdom and the same number of Bangladeshis. The Philippines government reported in the same year that over 900,000 of its citizens lived and worked in the kingdom. Second, these countries provided the diversity that we sought among interviewees: the workers whose accounts appear in this report include Muslims from Bangladesh, Hindus and Muslims from India, and Christians and Muslims from the Philippines. We found migrants from Bangladesh the least educated; they typically were unskilled younger men from rural villages whose salaries in Saudi Arabia were the lowest we recorded. We interviewed Indian migrants in cities, towns, and rural agricultural villages of Kerala, the small southwestern state of about 33 million people located on India's Malabar coast between the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The Keralite migrants generally had more schooling than their Bangladeshi counterparts and worked in a broader range of skilled and unskilled jobs. Migrants from the Philippines had the highest education levels, including women with some college education who earned $200 a month as domestic workers in the kingdom. Most of the Filipino male migrants whom we interviewed were skilled workers, ranging from mechanics to engineers, who commanded the highest comparative salaries. Despite this diverse mix of migrant workers, we documented surprisingly similar problems that cut across gender, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic lines, including a pattern of human rights abuse in the kingdom's criminal justice system. The subjects covered in this report make clear that comprehensive documentation of the conditions facing migrant workers in Saudi Arabia would be best served by conducting the research in the kingdom. In addition to the value of being able to speak directly with officials, sponsors, and employers, such research would allow us to meet with some of the thousands of migrant men and women in the kingdom's prisons and deportation centers whose stories need to be heard and told. An undetermined number of migrant workers have been sentenced to death and are awaiting execution. Independent human rights investigators should be permitted to talk to them about their interrogations and trials. There are also over thirty government labor offices throughout the kingdom where some workers file complaints against abusive employers, as well as "safe houses" where abused migrants are sheltered. In this report, we have changed the names of the migrant workers whom we interviewed, based on concern for their safety, should they decide to return to Saudi Arabia, and for the security of their relatives who were working in the kingdom at the time we conducted our interviews. The full names of these men and women are on file at Human Rights Watch. The only exception to this rule is cases of migrant workers who were executed or who have been sentenced to death. In such cases, their real names are provided. *** As of this writing, discussions were ongoing between Human Rights Watch and the Saudi government about access to the kingdom for the purpose of human rights research. We had access as an organization only once, in January 2003. During this visit, which was limited to two weeks, our representatives met in Riyadh with numerous senior government officials as well as Saudi lawyers, journalists, academics, other professionals, and members of the 120-member consultative council (majlis al-shura). But the terms of reference for this visit did not include field research. Without such access, Saudi Arabia remains on our list of closed countries for the purpose of human rights research. The alternative methodology used to prepare this report should indicate to the Saudi government that – despite the additional time and expense – Human Rights Watch is prepared to document human rights abuses, even if access to the kingdom is denied. Our strong preference, however, is to work in a more open and direct manner, with the active cooperation of the government. We hope that senior Saudi officials will see the merits of this approach and open the kingdom's doors to researchers from Human Rights Watch and other international human rights groups. Key Recommendations The most recent information from Saudi Arabia's ministry of labor indicates that expatriates in the kingdom total 8.8 million men and women, a significant number, given that the indigenous population is an estimated 18 million (see Chapter I). This report provides extensive documentation of the varieties of labor exploitation and human rights abuses that foreign workers face in the kingdom. The significant size of Saudi Arabia's expatriate population, and the serious nature of the problems that they often encounter, necessitate bold and innovative remedial actions from the government. The detailed recommendations of Human Rights Watch – to the government of Saudi Arabia, its various ministries, and other concerned international and regional parties – are presented in Chapter IX of the report. Among our key recommendations to the government of Saudi Arabia are the following: (1) Initiate an independent, thorough, and public national inquiry into the situation of migrant workers in the kingdom. Saudi authorities have never comprehensively and publicly assessed the realities that many migrant workers in the kingdom face. As a result, there is limited official and public awareness of the nature and scope of the problem. Accordingly, Human Rights Watch urges that His Royal Highness Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, First Deputy Prime Minister and Commander of the National Guard, should appoint an independent and impartial Royal Commission to investigate and report on the serious problems and abuses that migrant women and men in the kingdom face on a daily basis. As part of the commission's mandate, it should hold public hearings in all major cities throughout the kingdom. Migrant workers, and their families and advocates, should be invited to give testimony at these hearings, as should regional and international nongovernmental organizations with expertise on migrant workers issues and rights. The commission should be required by law to complete its inquiry within a defined period of time, and make its findings and recommendations public. (2) Take immediate action to inform all migrant workers in the kingdom of their rights under Saudi and international law. This report makes clear that large numbers of migrant workers are unaware of the rights that they have under existing law. Because such workers typically face language barriers and live in the kingdom for only a few years at a time, more concerted government efforts are necessary to inform them of their rights. Accordingly, we call on the government to promulgate by royal decree an enforceable "bill of rights" for migrant workers. It should be publicized widely in the kingdom, using print and broadcast media and other means of public outreach. The decree should be issued simultaneously in Arabic and all the languages of the countries of origin of the major migrant worker communities in the kingdom. This "bill of rights" should delineate, in a comprehensive and comprehensible manner, all the rights that are granted to migrant workers under the kingdom's laws and regulations. It should serve as a practical educational tool for workers and employers alike, and clarify legal and other ambiguities that lead to abusive treatment. (3) Impose significant penalties on Saudi employers and sponsors who exploit migrant workers and place them at risk. Pursuant to Saudi Arabia's international legal obligations, the use of forced or compulsory labor should be a specifically defined criminal offense under domestic law. In addition, substantial penalties should be imposed on employers who withhold the passports and residency permits of migrant workers, and those who charge illegal fees for official immigration documents. (4) Make domestic labor-law protections inclusive. One shortcoming that Saudi authorities should address urgently is the absence of legal protections for women and men employed in domestic service and agricultural work in the kingdom. Such individuals are excluded even from the flawed and limited labor protections currently in force under Saudi law. The protections of the kingdom's labor law should extend to all migrant workers, irrespective of their gender and job descriptions, however menial such jobs may be considered. (5) End the forced confinement of women migrant workers. The executive branch of government and consultative council (majlis al-shoura) should take immediate legislative steps to ensure that no migrant woman worker is held against her will at places of private or public employment and residence. Regulations to this effect should be promulgated as an urgent matter, and widely publicized to the Saudi public, using all print, broadcast, and other media. These regulations should impose substantial penalties on employers who continue the practice, and provide fair and equal compensation to the victims, commensurate with the length and severity of their confinement. (6) End the imprisonment of women and children for "illegal" pregnancies. End as an urgent matter the arrest and imprisonment of migrant and Saudi women and children who become pregnant voluntarily or because they were victims of sexual violence. Women and children currently in prison should be immediately released, and provided with social and other supportive services as required. (7) Address as an urgent matter the serious flaws in the kingdom's criminal justice system. The arrest and detention practices of the ministry of interior should be brought into immediate conformity withprovisions of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Anyone arrested as a criminal suspect in the kingdom should be informed of his or her rights under the kingdom's laws, including those set forth and guaranteed in the new criminal procedure code. This information should be provided orally and in writing, in languages that all suspects can understand. Effective judicial oversight of interior ministry personnel is urgently needed. Authorities should take immediate steps to ensure judicial supervision of the investigation of all criminal suspects, for the purpose of ending such practices as abusive interrogations, torture, and coerced confessions. Authorities should also make public detailed information about all persons, Saudi citizens and foreigners alike, who have been sentenced to death in the kingdom and are awaiting execution. The implementation of all death sentences should be suspended until it can be determined independently that the defendants were not tortured and their confessions were not coerced. A1 - Human Rights Watch,  Y1 - 2004/07/14/ KW - migrant workers KW - Migrant Workers KW - Migrant workers KW - Saudi Arabia KW - Exploitation UR - http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,HRW,,SAU,412ef32a4,0.html Y2 - 2013-03-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Female Sri Lankan Domestic Workers in Lebanon: A Case of 'Contract Slavery'? IS - 4 PB - Carfax Publishing N2 - Since the early 1990s, there has been a large influx of Sri Lankan women into Lebanon, serving primarily as domestic labour households. The Sri Lankan government, as with other countries, has actively encouraged the 'export' of domestic labour as it has become the largest single source of foreign revenue for the country. As part of the feminisation of international migration and trafficking in human labour, both the employment relations and social status of these women leave them extremely vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. it is argued in this paper that most Sri Lankan domestic workers fall under the category of 'contract slavery', given the legal and employment conditions which they face. The analysis of 70 interviews with Sri Lankan women in Lebanon reveals their living conditions, how they are treated by their employers, and how the legal and administrative arrangements of these workers have facilitated the poor conditions and entrapment which many encounter. A1 - Jureidini, Ray A1 - Moukarbel, Nayla Y1 - 2004/07/01/ KW - Domestic Worker; Female Migrants; Contract Slavery; Sri Lankan Migration; Lebanon JA - Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies VL - 30 SP - 581 M2 - 581 SP - 581-607 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domestic workers and caregivers' rights: the impact changes to B.C.'s employment standards regulation.(British Columbia) IS - 3-4 A1 - Tumolva, Cecilia A1 - Tomledan, Darla Y1 - 2004/// UR - http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDMQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpi.library.yorku.ca%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2Fcws%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F6252%2F5440&ei=kWxlUvLQCtDC4AO20oDABQ&usg=AFQjCNGk242Delv5cAZTDi_7mZHWxa3AFg&bvm=bv.54934254,d.dmg Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Canadian Woman Studies VL - 23 ER - TY - EJOUR T1 - Another look at the Live-in Caregivers Program: An Analysis of an Action Research Survey Conducted by PINAY, the Quebec Filipino Women’s Association With The Centre for Applied Family Studies IS - 24 CY - Montréal PB - Centre Metropolis du Québec - Immigration et métropoles A1 - Oxman-Martinez, Jacqueline A1 - Hanley, Jill A1 - Cheung, Leslie Y1 - 2004/// JA - Publications IM ER - TY - NEWS T1 - Abortion becomes price of a job Pregnant nanny is fired. A1 - Montgomery, Sue Y1 - 2003/03/18/ JA - The Montreal Gazette ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Globalization and the Domestic Worker.(Poem) IS - 4 A1 - Khalideen, Rosetta Y1 - 2002/// UR - http://find.galegroup.com/gtx/retrieve.do?contentSet=IAC-Documents&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28JN%2CNone%2C24%29%22Canadian+Woman+Studies%22%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28DA%2CNone%2C8%2920020322%24&sgHitCountType=None&inPS=true&sort=DateDescend&searchType=PublicationSearchForm&tabID=T002&prodId=CPI&searchId=R1&currentPosition=4&userGroupName=mont88738&docId=A93082982&docType=IAC Y2 - 2011-07-26 JA - Canadian Women Studies VL - 21 SP - 17 M2 - 17 SP - 17 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Caregivers Break the Silence :a participatory action research on the abuse and violence, including the impact of family separation, experienced by women in the live-in caregiver program A1 - Intercede,  Y1 - 2001/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books/about/Caregivers_Break_the_Silence.html?id=spHKHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/caregivers-break-the-silence-a-participatory-action-research-on-the-abuse-and-violence-including-the-impact-of-family-separation-experienced-by-women-in-the-live-in-caregiver-program/oclc/048128563 Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Les Domestiques étrangères au Canada: Esclaves de l'espoir CY - Montréal PB - L'Harmattan N2 - " Des milliers de professionnelles Philippines et quelques rares Marocaines émigrent chaque année comme domestiques dans l'espoir de s'établir au Canada et d'y trouver une vie meilleure. Elles y trouvent l'exploitation, la discrimination, les menaces de déportation..." A1 - Bals, Myriam Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=13601 Y2 - 2011-07-27 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Jamaican domestics, Filipina housekeepers and English nannies: representations of Toronto's domestic workers CY - London and New York PB - Routledge A1 - Stiell, Bernadette A1 - England, Kim Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://www.amazon.ca/Gender-Migration-Domestic-Service-Henshall/dp/0415190673/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1311258036&sr=8-1 Y2 - 2011-07-21 T2 - Gender, Migration and Domestic Service SP - 43-60 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From registered nurse to registered nanny: discursive geographies of Filipina domestic workers in Vancouver, B.C. IS - 3 PB - Clark University N2 - This paper is an exploration of what poststructuralist theories of the subject and discourse analysis can bring to theories of labor market segmentation, namely an understanding of how individuals come to understand and are limited in their occupational options. I examine three discursive constructions of "Filipina" and argue that they work to structure Filipinas' labor market experiences in Vancouver. Filipinas who come to Canada through the Live-in Caregiver Program often come with university educations and professional experiences (e.g., as registered nurses) but then become members of the most occupationally segregated of ethnic groups in Vancouver. As domestic workers in Vancouver, they are defined as "supplicant, preimmigrants," as inferior "housekeepers," and, within the Filipino community, as "husband stealers." I demonstrate that geography has much to bring to discourse analysis; there are geographies written into discourses of "Filipina" that work to position Filipinas in Vancouver as inferior. While the examined discourses overlap and reinforce the marginalization of Filipinas, I also explore how discursive analysis can function as ideology critique, by examining the internal inconsistencies and silences within particular discourses and the points of resistance that emerge when different discourses come into contact and tension. A1 - Pratt, Geraldine Y1 - 1999/// UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/144575 Y2 - 2011-05-27 JA - Economic Geography VL - 75 SP - 215 M2 - 215 SP - 215-236 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Inscribing Domestic Work On Filipina Bodies N1 - Heidi J. Nast & Steve Pile (ed) CY - London PB - Routledge A1 - Philippine Women Center of BC,  A1 - Pratt, Geraldine Y1 - 1998/// UR - http://books.google.ca/books?id=ONyw6dy4CfwC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=Inscribing+Domestic+Work+On+Filipina+Bodies&source=bl&ots=6TKQY_l3zB&sig=uhMel3GlA61w_qGCroYdqki0Eus&hl=fr&ei=AYA4TuOxC4bs0gHOudHCDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Inscribing%20Domestic%20Work%20On%20Filipina%20Bodies&f=false Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Places through the body SP - 211-226 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Trapped: Holding on to a knife edge - Economic Violence against Filipino Migrant/Immigrant Women A1 - Philippine Women Centre - BC,  Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://pwc.bc.tripod.com/research.html Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - From 'Mothers of the Nation' to Migrant Workers CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press A1 - Arat-Koc, S. Y1 - 1997/// UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=t2N3bWVLDTQC&dq=Abigail+Bess+Bakan&ie=ISO-8859-1&source=gbs_gdata Y2 - 2011-05-27 T2 - Not One of the Family: Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada SP - 53-80 ER - TY - THES T1 - Le travail domestique des femmes en contexte migratoire: effets psychosociaux et stratégies d'adaptation CY - Montréal PB - Université de Montréal N2 - Cette recherche exploratoire porte sur les strategies d'adaptation des domestiques etrangeres, confrontees aux effets psychosociaux de deux programmesd'immigration temporaire: le Programme pour les Employes de Maison Etrangers(PEME) et le Programme pour les Aides Familiaux Residents (PAFR). Le vecu de ces travailleuses et surtout le sens qu'elles donnent a leur experience sont centraux dans la comprehension de leurs comportements pour repondre a la double question de recherche: Comment des conditions de vie eprouvantes, en contexte de migration temporaire, mettent-elles a l'epreuve les ressources de la personne? Quelles strategies d'adaptation individuelles et collectives developpent-elles a partier de leurs perceptions de la situation? Quelles sont les caracteristiques juridique et organisationnelles de ce contexte migratoire qui peuvent expliquer ces reactions? Adoptant une demarche de type anthropologique, et une analyse systemique culturelle, nous avons donc choisi deux populations tres distinctes (les Philippines et les Marocaines), afin de voir les effets differencies resultant des interactions entre les differents facteurs personnels, environnementaux et culturels. Pour ce faire, nous avonsprocede a des entrevues non-directives mitigees et interroge des travailleuses temporaires et des residentes permanentes ayants experimente l'un des deux programmes, afin de comprendre leur trajectoire et leur rationalite. Les resultats de cette recherche soulignent que ces programmes exposent tout particulierement les travailleuses a de mauvaises conditions de vie et detravail, ce qui met indument lesressources physiques et psychoiogiques des personnes a l'epreuve, en faisant des programmes hautement pathogenes. Il s'avere que les conditions de vie et de travail de ces programmes ont, a plus ou moins breve echeance, des effets nefastes sur la sante des personnes (psychologique et physique) et modifient leur trajectoire personnelle et professionnelle, independamment du niveau d'instruction qu'elles avaient en arrivant. En effet, des sentiments profonds d'insecurite, de depression et d'impuissance, et diverses somatisations sont encore exacerbes chez les travailleuses ayant encore un statut temporaire. Cependant, les effets sont differencies d'une culture a l'autre, car chaque population s'adapte au cadre juridique des programmes en fonction de facteurs organisationnels, culturels et personnels. Car, malgre tout, ces personnes ont un potentiel qui leur permet de s'adapter, ces strategies dependant d'abord du projet migratoire initial et de son acception ou de son rejet par la communaute d'origine, ensuite des reseaux interpersonnels de soutien que les travailleuses developpent pour s'accommoder a leur situation. Loin d'etre toujours des victimes passives, elles peuvent etre des victimes consentantes, pourvu que leur objectif soit atteint: l'obtention de la residence permanente. Considerees destructrices par les unes, ces epreuves sont des defis de croissance pour les autres, laissant un sentiment de perte ou de gain. _____________________ Page 149: « Deux résidentes permanentes sur 15 (PRP 9 et PRP 13) disent être tombées malades à cause des conditions de travail, au point de ne plus pouvoir travailler pendant plusieurs semaines. Quant aux travailleurs temporaires, elles ont des problèmes de santé plus nombreux, liés au nombre d’heures et aux tâches effectuées, au manque de nourriture et, dans un seul cas, à une chambre insalubre. Ainsi, dix travailleurs temporaires ont eu des problèmes de santé les obligeant à arrêter le travail, pour une période allant d’une semaine à un mois, ou à quitter l’employeur, quand elles n’ont pas été mises à pied immédiatement. » A1 - Bals, Myriam Y1 - 1996/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=739920831& Fmt=2& VInst=PROD& VType=PQD& RQT=309& Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - Ph.D. SP - 353 ER - TY - THES T1 - ``I could put this house on fire.'' The everyday resistance of Filipina domestics in Canada CY - Canada PB - Carleton University (Canada) N2 - Filipina migrant domestics are among the most exploited and vulnerable workers in Canadian society today. The fear of deportation coupled with their lack of citizenship rights have meant that they do not often overtly or collectively confront their oppressors. This study argues that where open, collective defiance is neither realistic nor practical, resistance will take on alternative, more subtle forms. While these forms are often non-dramatic, highly routine, and generally ambiguous, they serve, nonetheless, as the most logical and effective means through which the dominated make their claims. Focusing on the stories of 11 migrant women offers a privileged perspective from which the innovative and diverse nature of that resistance can be revealed. This analysis demonstrates that through these discrete acts the women navigate an intricate web of power relations, pushing forward their demands and working the system to their advantage. In the end, it maintains that through such resistance, these women struggle not only to shape their daily environments, but also to challenge the dominant ideology and to effect broader social change. A1 - Parikh, Rita Y1 - 1994/// UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=743168351&Fmt=7&clientId=48948&RQT=309&VName=PQD Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - M.A. T2 - Political Sciences - International Affairs SP - 213 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Regulating Class Privilege: Immigrant servants in Canada, 1940s-1990s CY - Toronto PB - Canadian Scholar's Press A1 - Daenzer, Patricia M. Y1 - 1993/// UR - http://openlibrary.org/books/OL8551690M/Regulating_Class_Privilege Y2 - 2011-05-27 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Silenced: Caribbean Domestic Workers Talk With Makeda Silvera CY - Toronto PB - Sister Vision A1 - Silvera, Makeda Y1 - 1989/// UR - http://www.amazon.com/Silenced-Caribbean-Domestic-Workers-Silvera/dp/0920813739 Y2 - 2011-08-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Work Conditions of Immigrant Women Live-in Domestics: Racism, Sexual Abuse, and Invisibility A1 - Cohen, R. Y1 - 1987/// JA - Resources for Feminist Research/Documentation sur la Recherche Feministe VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domestic Workers Organize! A1 - Ramirez, J. Y1 - 1982/// JA - Canadian Women Studies VL - 4 ER - TY - LEGAL T1 - Charte québécoise des droits et libertés de la personne A1 - Assemblée Nationale du Québec,  Y1 - 1975/// UR - http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=2&file=/C_12/C12.HTM Y2 - 2011-05-27 VL - L.R.Q., c. C-12 ER -